WorksheetsCell Membrane and Cell communication practice
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 41mins
Many signal transduction pathways use second messengers to:
transport a signal through the lipid bilayer portion of the plasma membrane.
relay a signal from the outside to the inside of the cell.
relay the message from the inside of the membrane throughout the cytoplasm.
amplify the message by phosphorylating proteins.
The ability to allow only certain molecules into or out of the cell is called __________.
Unpermeable
Selectively permeable or semipermeable
Impermeable
Permeable
The following are functions of the cell membrane, except
Breaks down waste and other compounds.
Regulates the passage of compounds in and out of the cell.
Allows cells to communicate and interact with other cells.
Protects the cell from its environment.
A phospholipid has two parts. What are they called?
Hydrophilic head, Hydrophobic tail
Hydrophobic head, Hydrophilic tail
The image represents the fluid mosaic model. Which of the following best describes the fluid mosaic model?
The cell membrane is constantly moving, bendable and has various proteins embedded in it.
The cell membrane components are stuck in place. It is critical to get the placement right.
The cell membrane is not flexible at all and cannot expand.
The cell membrane allows fluids with sodium to pass through easily.
_____________ is the free movement of particles or molecules across the membrane to spread out evenly into the available space.
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
active transport
fusion
The general name for movement of substances across cell membranes without need of energy input.
passive transport
active transport
Some cells move large particles out of the cell through the process of:
Protein Synthesis
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
Cytoplasmic Streaming
A ______________ is composed of a phosphate and glycerol head and 2 fatty acid chain tails.
cholesterol
glycoprotein
phospholipid
glucose
What does amphipathic means?
contains water-loving and water-fearing parts
contains various proteins embedded to it
contains semipermeable membrane
contains sodium and potassium molecules
What term is used to describe the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water?
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Equilibrium
Tonicity
How are osmosis and diffusion similar processes?
both move low to high concentrations
both move solute molecules
both move high to low concentrations
both move water molecules
What happens to an animal cell when it is placed in HYPERTONIC solution?
cell swells and bursts
shrinks from water loss
nothing happens
solute moves in and out
A cell containing 80% water and 20% solute, and a solution containing 60% water and 40% solute. What type of solution is this?
hypertonic
isotonic
equilibrium
hypotonic
Plant cells will become turgid when placed in this type of solution.
hypertonic
isotonic
equilibrium
hypotonic
What is the difference between active and passive transport?
cells only do active when they move
only cells with mitochondria carry out active transport
active transport require ATP, passive transport does not
eukaryotes do active transport, prokaryotes do passive transport
For 5 points:
In your own words, explain briefly what happens to a cell with 70% water when it is immersed in a 30% water 70% salt solution.
Phospoholipid
Lipophillic
Amphiphatic
Hydrophobic
Hydrophillic
An example of Facilitated diffusion
Sodium-potassium pump
Glucose Transport model
Ping-pong model
Insulin transport model
Transport of large molecules into the cell
Pinocytosis
Exocytosis
Phyllocytosis
Phagocytosis
Active transport is different to passive transport because....
it doesnt require ATP.
molecules move agaisnt a concentration gradient.
it only uses channel proteins.
molecules move towards a concentration gradient.
Which of the following genetic diseases is caused by mutations in a membrane protein.
Cystic Fibrosis
Anemia
Parkinson’s disease
Alzheimer’s disease
Triglyceride
2 lipid tails
3 lipid tails
no lipid tails
4 lipid tails
According to mosaic model, plasma membrane made up of_________
Cellulose and hemicellulose
Phospholipids and hemicellulose
Phospholipids, cholestrol and membrane proteins.
Phospholipids only
Some functions of of Membrane Proteins
1. DNA synthesis
2. Osmoregulation
1.Protein synthesis
2. Cell Junctions
3. Metabolism
1. Cell-to-cell communication
2. Junctions
3. Transport
3.
1. Transport
2. Protein degradation
The type of cell junction which facilitates cell to cell communication.
Adhering junction
Desmosomes
Tight junction
Gap junction
Which one of the following is not a constituent of cell membrane?
Cholesterol
Proline
Glycolipids
Phospholipids
Cell communication solely involves communication between other cells.
TRUE
FALSE
What communication process is involved when the cell responds to the ligands through a series of signal sending to the molecules found on the surface of and inside the cell.
Reception
Transduction
Response
These are molecules, ions, or atoms that combine with receiving molecules along the membrane of the cell irreversibly.
Signals
Receptors
Biomolecules
Ligands
What form of signaling is observed when cells respond to different allergens?
contact-dependent signaling
paracrine signaling
synaptic signaling
endocrine signaling
The plasma membrane is composed of a bilayer (phospholipids having both hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails). These are said to be ___.
hydrophobic
amphipathic
hydrophilic
telepathic
Membrane phospholipids can form bilayers, micelles, or liposomes. Label the liposome, bilayer and micelle.
A) bilayer
B) liposome
C) micelle
A) bilayer
B) micelle
C) liposome
A) micelle
B) liposome
C) bilayer
A) liposome
B) bilayer
C) micelle
Phospholipids arrange themselves so that their ___ are NOT in contact with aqueous solutions.
polar (hydrophobic) heads
polar (hydrophilic) heads
nonpolar (hydrophilic) tails
nonpolar (hydrophobic) tails
Which can pass easily through the cell membrane? (multiple answers)
small polar molecules (H2O, ethanol)
large hydrophobic molecules (benzene)
large polar molecules (glucose)
charged molecules (ions)
If an animal cell is placed in a HYPERTONIC solution, what happens to the cell?
shrinks from water loss
solute moves in and out
cell swells and bursts
nothing happens
Which is FALSE regarding the Na+/K+ pump?
uses an antiporter
moves 3K out and 2Na in of the cell against their conc. grdient
ATP is used to change the confirmation of the carrier protein
Affinity of the carrier protein for either Na/K changes so the ions can be carried across membrane
From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the 3 stages of cell signaling are
The alpha beta and gamma stages
Signal reception nucleus disintegration and new cell generation
Signal reception signal transduction and cellular response
The paracrine local and synaptic stages
A signaling molecule is known as a
receptor protein
ligand
kinase
cAMP
Check off all the ways cells communicate with each other over short distances
through gap junctions
through the plasmodesmata
through surface proteins connecting together during cell-to-cell recognition
through the bloodstream
What ligand is released into the bloodstream by your endocrine glands?
(a)
Check off all the things that apply to ion-gated channels
They bind a ligand and active a G-protein
They bind a ligand, which causes them to change shape
The binding of a ligand allows ions to pass through
Kinases phosphorylate relay proteins
True or False: Signaling cascades amplifies the signal
True
False
What is the name of the enzyme that phosphorylates relay proteins during a phosphorylation cascade?
(a)
How are kinases activated from their inactive state?
G proteins phosphorylate them
cAMP binds to them
ATP binds to them
ligand gated channels change their shape
Check off all the things that happen to relay proteins as their phosphorylated by kinases
they have a phosphate attached to them
they change shape
they go from inactive to active
they stop relaying the message
When this hormone binds to your muscle cell, it causes the muscle cell to break down glycogen into glucose, so that your muscles can use the glucose for the fight or flight response
adrenaline
calcium
growth factor
apoptosis
When this hormone binds to your cell, it causes it to divide and make more cells
adrenaline
calcium
growth factor
apoptosis
Check off all the molecules that are not a second messenger
cAMP
Calcium
G protein
neurotransmitter
When a signal molecules binds to this protein, it gets activated and then interacts with either an ion channel or an enzyme in the membrane
Kinases
Ligand-gated channels
G proteins
Second messengers
Check off all the different cellular responses from a signaling pathway
gene expression
apoptosis
muscles breaking down more glycogen into glucose
cell division/growth
True or False:
Mutations in a receptor protein or chemical that interfere with a part of the signaling pathway do not affect the activity of the signaling pathway
True
False
True or False:
Uterine contractions continuing until a child is born, despite the pain signals received by the nervous system is an example of negative feedback
True
False
True or False:
An enzyme is activated by a G protein to turn ATP into cAMP
True
False
What ligand is released by nerve cells when they communicate with each other?
growth factors
hormones
epinephrine
neurotransmitters
True or False:
Signal transduction can stop a gene from being transcribed and translated into proteins for your traits (also known as a gene being expressed)
True
False
