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WorksheetsCell& Biochemistry EOC Review
Total questions: 66
Worksheet time: 2hrs 39mins
Cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?
A. All living things are made of cells.
A. All cells come from other preexisting cells.
A. Cells form through spontaneous generation.
A. Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life
1. Which invention from the 17th century allowed for the development of modern cell theory?
X-rays
computers
the light microscope
the telescope
1. A plant and an animal are both living things. According to the Cell Theory, what can you conclude about these two very different organisms?
A. Plants have cells but animals do not.
A. They are both made of one or more cells.
A. They both come from the same kind of cell.
A. They both come from a non-living organism.
1. The combined observations of Mattias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow resulted in the formation of the cell theory. Which of the following is not part of the cell theory?
A. All cells contain a nucleus.
A. All cells come from other living cells.
Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of all living things
All living organisms are made of one or more cells.
There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
lysosome
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
Look at the cross section of a cell membrane of a eukaryotic cell. H+ ions are being pumped from a low concentration to a high concentration.
How do you describe this type of transport across the cell membrane?
active transport
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
co-transport
Which type(s) of cells have genetic material that is contained in a nucleus?
bacteria
plants only
animals only
both plant and animal cells
Which characteristic do most plants have in common?
they are unicellular
they are prokaryotic
they produce seeds
they are autotrophic
Which cell structure is correctly paired with its primary function?
ribosome - protein synthesis
mitochondrion - movement
vacuole - cell division
nucleus - storage of nutrients
The diagram below represents a cell of a green plant.
Solar energy is used to produce energy-rich compounds in which structure?
A
B
C
D
A person with swollen gums rinses his mouth with warm salt water, and the swelling decreases. Which of the following has occurred?
The swollen gums have absorbed the saltwater solution.
A. The saltwater solution lowers the temperature of the water in the gums.
A. The salt in the solution has moved against the concentration gradient.
A. The water in the gums has moved out due to the high concentration of salt in the solution.
Joy took the notes shown below while learning about cells.
· Forms boundary between a cell and the outside environment
· Controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell
· Consists of double layer of phospholipids
She forgot to write the name of the cell structure that her class was studying that day.
What structure is described in her notes?
endoplasmic reticulum
cell membrane
cell wall
nucleus
Which of this best completes this concept map?
an animal cell
a prokaryotic cell
a virus
a plant cell
Look at the diagram of a cross-section of a cell membrane below. The cell membrane controls movement of materials into and out of the cell. The following particles are moving from high concentration to low concentration and are using a carrier protein. How would you describe this type of movement across the membrane?
simple osmosis
active transport
simple diffusion
facilitated diffusion
The cell membrane of the red blood cell will allow water, oxygen, and carbon dioxide to pass through. Because other substances are blocked from entering, this membrane is called
perforated
semi- or selectively permeable
non-conductive
permeable
Osmosis occurs when there is a different concentration of solute molecules on each side of the membrane. The drawing below shows a beaker containing a 30% salt solution and a suspended cell containing a 10% salt solution.
What statement best describes the cell after 20 minutes?
Water will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
A. Water will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell
A. Salt will move from the cell into the beaker, resulting in a smaller cell.
A. Salt will move from the beaker into the cell, resulting in a larger cell.
Muscle cells are responsible for obtaining energy so the body can perform voluntary and involuntary movement. Using your knowledge of organelles and muscles, how would a muscle cell differ from other types of animal cells?
A. The muscle cell would have larger centrioles than the other types of animal cells.
A. The muscle cell would have more mitochondria than the other types of animal cells.
A. The muscle cell would have a larger golgi apparatus than other types of animal cells.
A. The muscle cell would have more endoplasmic reticulum than the other types of animal cells.
Cells found in plants and animals have similarities but can differ in function. Consider the following two organisms: a corn plant cell (Zea mays) and a camel cell (Bactrianus ferus). What is the best explanation for the difference in the cellular vacuole size between these two biotic organisms?
A. The corn cells have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage.
A. The camel cells have a small vacuole size because it does not need long term water and electrolyte storage.
A. The camel cells have a small vacuole size because it is not in contact with toxins that need to be removed from the cell.
A. The corn cells have a large vacuole size because it is in contact with many toxins in the soil which need to be removed from the cell.
Cells can be classified into two different categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic. Which of the following information is needed in order to determine if an organism is prokaryotic?
A. The organism’s color and mass.
A. The organism’s internal structures.
A. If the organism is unicellular or multicellular.
A. The methods the organism uses to feed and move.
A specific type of cell is being studied by a scientist. She notices the cell contains a nucleus, lysosomes, a cell membrane and cell wall. What is the correct classification of this cell?
a prokaryotic animal cell
a prokaryotic plant cell
a eukaryotic animal cell
a eukaryotic plant cell
Using a microscope in the science lab, Jill observed two unknown cell: Cell 1 and Cell 2. Cell 1 she identified as a plant cell and Cell 2 as an animal cell. Her teacher told her she identified the cells correctly. What did Jill most likely observe to correctly identify the cells?
A. Cell 2 had a cell membrane and Cell 1 did not.
A. Cell 1 had a cell wall and Cell 2 did not.
A. Cell 2 had a chloroplast and Cell 1 did not.
A. Cell 1 had a nucleus and Cell 2 did not.
Which of the following contain complex, membrane-bound organelles?
1. bacteria
2. viruses
3. eukaryotic
4. prokaryotic
1 and 2
2 and 4
3 only
4 only
13. A lab technician needs to determine whether cells in a test tube are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. The technician has several dyes she could use to stain the cells. Four of the dyes are described in the table below:
Which dye could the technician use to determine whether the cells are prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
acidine orange
osmium tetraoxide
eosin
Nile Blue
13. Look at the cell membrane model below:
What is the name of the macromolecule that makes up the majority of the cell membrane?
nucleotide
lipid
carbohydrate
protein
What is the advantage of cells being so small?
A. Small cells contain a greater quantity of enzymes than large cells.
A. Small cells do not require energy and get everything they need from osmosis.
A. The cell has a smaller surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.
A. The cell then has a larger surface area to volume ratio which means it can move nutrients into the cell and waste out more efficiently.
The rough endoplasmic reticulum is a cell structure that consists of folded membranes that contain ribosomes. What is the advantage of the folded membranes?
A. increases surface area in order to produce more proteins
A. decreases surface area in order to produce more proteins
A. increases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to produce more energy
A. decreases volume of the endoplasmic reticulum in order to make more energy
If a cell’s lysosomes were damaged, which of the following would most likely occur?
A. The cell would produce more proteins than it needs.
A. The cell would have chloroplasts that appear yellow rather than green.
A. The cell would be less able to break down molecules in its cytoplasm.
A. The cell would be less able to regulate the amount of fluid in its cytoplasm.
When Streptococcus pneumoniae are exposed to an antibiotic, the bacteria try to pump the antibiotic out of their cells. Which of the following mechanisms is most likely used by the Streptococcus pneumoniae to pump the antibiotic out of their cells?
active transport
diffusion
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
In pure water, a red blood cell from an animal will swell and burst, but a leaf cell from a plant will not. Which structure in the leaf cell is responsible for this difference?
cell membrane
cell wall
mitochondrion
nucleus
Which of the following functions does active transport perform in a cell?
packaging proteins for export from the cell
distributing enzymes throughout the cytoplasm
moving substances against a concentration gradient
equalizing the concentration of water inside and outside the cell
Carrot sticks that are left in a dish of freshwater for several hours become stiff and hard. Similar sticks left in a saltwater solution become limp and soft. From this we can deduce that the freshwater is and the saltwater is to the cells of the carrot sticks.
A. hypotonic, hypertonic
A. hypotonic, hypotonic
A. hypertonic, hypertonic
A. hypertonic, hypertonic
In an emergency trauma room, a doctor accidentally gives a patient a large transfusion of distilled water directly into one of his veins instead of blood. Predict what might happen if distilled water was given to the patient instead of blood.
A. have no unfavorable effect as long as the water was sterile
A. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because there would be too much fluid for the heart to pump.
A. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to shrivel
A. have serious, perhaps fatal effects because the red blood cells would tend to burst
A beaker is divided into two halves, A & B, by a membrane that is freely permeable to the water and NaCl but not to protein. Side A is half-filled with a solution of 8% protein, while side B is half filled with a 2% protein solution. Predict what would happen to side A after a few hours.
A. The number of protein molecules has increased.
A. The number of water molecules has decreased.
A. The number of water molecules has increased.
A. The percentage of water has decreased.
A research group has discovered that damselflies, a type of dragonfly, are being infected by a particular type of aquatic protozoan. Both young and adult damselflies are not directly infected by the protozoan but contract the infection from the prey they eat.
The graph shows the percentage of adult damselflies infected by protozoans during the summer and early fall.
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph?
A. Infection in embanked ponds increased during the sampling period.
A. Protozoans were more common in creek-fed ponds than embanked ponds.
A. Protozoans reproduce more quickly in embanked ponds than creek-fed ponds.
A. Adult Damselflies in creek-fed ponds remained constant throughout the sampling period.
An osmosis investigation was conducted using chicken eggs to represent cells with semi permeable membranes. The mass of each egg was measured to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. Each egg was then placed in one of three different solutions for 24 hours.
The table below shows the results of the investigation.
Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semi permeable membranes?
A. Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.
A. Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.
A. Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.
A. Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes
A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained.
Using the data table above and your knowledge about the process of science, which solution would represent the control in this experiment?
solution A
solution B
solution C
solution D
A Team of biology students performed an experiment to test the effects of four different solutions on a de-shelled, raw chicken egg. Each raw, unbroken chicken egg of the same size was placed in each of four different solutions. Twenty-four hours later the following results we obtained.
What is the independent variable in this experiment?
solutions A, B & C
solution D only
The eggs
Mass of the eggs
Water has a much higher specific heat than most other covalent compounds. What do you predict might happen if water had a low specific heat instead?
A. Flooding would occur and animals would be forced to migrate
A. Harmful organisms living in water would reproduce at a rapid rate
A. Organisms that are sensitive to changes in temperature would die
A. Plants would not have enough water to effectively carry out photosynthesis
Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
A. The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
A. The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
A. The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
A. The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
A florist places a bouquet of white carnations in water containing blue dye. After a time, the flowers turn blue. What process helped the carnations to change color?
A. Specific heat
A. Surface tension
A. Cohesion and adhesion of water molecules
A. Formation of covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen molecules
Maria, after finding no cold sodas in the refrigerator, placed a can of soda in the freezer. She then proceeded to check her social networking site and forgot about the soda. Later that evening her brother went to get some ice and it was brown. Maria’s soda can had split open. What is the best explanation for what happened?
A. As the water cooled, it adhered to the can, causing it to split
A. When the water froze, the space between hydrogen molecules expanded
A. When the water froze, it weakened the molecular bonds in the aluminum can
A. As the water cooled, the surface tension of the water decreased and the can collapsed
Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enable it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?
A. Water expands as it freezes.
A. Water is an excellent solvent.
A. Water exhibits cohesive behavior.
A. Water is able to moderate temperature.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
A. Water is an acid.
A. Water is a versatile solvent.
A. Water acts as a buffer.
A. Water has a high heat capacity.
Many fish and aquatic plants can survive a cold winter because the layer of ice that forms at the top of the lake insulates the water below and prevents the lake from freezing solid. What unique property of water contributes to this effect?
A. Water absorbs heat when it evaporates and forms a gas
A. Water expands and becomes less dense when it freezes.
A. Water molecules completely separate into ions in solutions.
A. Water forms hydrogen bonds with ions and other polar substances.
Water is often called the "universal solvent" because many substances can be dissolved in water. What property of water allows it to be such a versatile solvent?
purity
polarity and cohesion
high heat capacity
expansion upon freezing
Water makes up approximately 60% of the human body and plays a vital role in regulating body temperature. Which property of water makes it good at regulating temperature?
Water is a good solvent.
Water exhibits strong cohesion.
Water has an unusual crystalline structure.
Water has a high capacity for heat.
Two of the four principle classes of organic compounds are proteins and nucleic acids. What is the relationship between proteins and nucleic acids?
A. Nucleic acids use proteins for energy
A. Nucleic acids are a subset of proteins
A. Proteins are long polymers of nucleic acids
A. Nucleic acids contain the information to make proteins
Resistance to antibiotics results from variations in the genetic code of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Which type of molecule encodes genetic information in Streptococcus pneumoniae?
carbohydrate
fatty acid
nucleic acid
protein
Which of the following diagrams below is an example of a carbohydrate?
In living organisms, lipids function mainly as:
A. Sources of stored energy and transmitters of genetic information
A. Sources of stored energy and components of cellular membranes
A. Transmitters of genetic information and catalysts of chemical reactions
A. Catalysts of chemical reactions and components of cellular membranes
Study the diagram of the cell membrane.
What is the building block of structure G?
nucleotide
chains of fatty acids
amino acids
monosaccharides
Baby food manufacturers sometimes use proteases in their products. Proteases catalyze the breakdown of the proteins in these foods, making digestion easier for infants.
Proteases are which of the following types of molecules?
enzyme
fatty acid
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
Study the diagram of the cell membrane.
Which macromolecule is not labeled on the cell membrane above?
nucleotide
lipid
protein
carbohydrate
Ovalbumin is a protein found in eggs. Which of the following best describes the molecular structure of ovalbumin?
A. a group of six carbon atoms joined in a ring.
A. a chain of amino acids folded and twisted into a molecule
A. a set of three fatty acids attached to a molecule of glycerol
A. a sequence of nitrogenous bases attached to a sugar phosphate backbone
Many plants have waxy coatings on some surfaces. This coating reduces water loss because it is not water-permeable. This waxy coating is which of the following types of organic molecule?
protein
carbohydrate
nucleic acid
lipid
What is the function of macromolecule subunit below?
energy
catalyst
stores genetic information
composes the majority of the cell membrane
The diagram below shows a monomer a macromolecule. Which type of molecule contains these monomers?
carbohydrate
protein
nucleic acid
lipid
Some bacteria live in hot springs. Their cells contain enzymes that function best at temperatures of 70 °C or higher. At the temperature of 50 °C, how will the enzymes in these bacterial cells most likely be affected?
A. The enzymes will be destroyed by lysosomes.
A. The enzymes will lose their bond structure and fall apart.
A. The enzymes will require less energy to function than at 70 °C.
A. The enzymes will not increase the rate of reactions as much as they would at 70 °C.
Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
A. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the reaction
A. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it increases the activation energy of the product.
A. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it decreases the activation energy of the reaction.
A. When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.
Meat tenderizer contains an enzyme that breaks down meat. If meat is coated with tenderizer and then placed in a refrigerator, how would the enzyme be affected?
A. It would break down the meat more slowly.
A. It would disintegrate the meat.
A. It would break down the meat more quickly.
A. It would change the shape of the meat.
As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HC1), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HC1 converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?
A. It becomes inactive.
A. It begins to replicate.
A. Its shape changes to engulf large proteins.
A. Its activity increases to digest more proteins.
The graph below shows how the activity of an enzyme changes over a range of pH values.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
A. The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
A. The enzyme’s activity continually increases as pH increases from 5.0 to 9.0
A. The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 than around pH of 5.0.
1.
Thediagrambelowillustratesabiochemicalprocessthatoccursinorganisms.
What is another name for the substance labeled "catalyst"?
enzyme
inorganic compound
hormone
antibody
The human body maintains a temperature of around 98.6 degrees at all times. Enzymes are involved in almost every chemical reaction in the body. Which of the following describes the connection between these two statements?
A. Enzymes function best at a specific temperature.
A. The body needs to be warm to prevent hypothermia.
A. The body is kept relatively warm to prevent too much enzyme action.
A. There is no connection between the two statements.
Which of the following best explains why enzymes are necessary for many cellular reactions?
A. Enzymes supply the oxygen necessary for the reactions.
A. Enzymes change reactants from solid to liquids during the reactions.
A. The reactions take up too much space in the cell if the enzymes are missing.
A. The reactions are too slow to meet the needs of the cell if enzymes are missing.
A student is investigating how reaction rate changes over a range of enzyme concentrations. The student uses excess reactants. Which of the following best represents the relationship between enzyme concentration and reaction rate?
