WorksheetsBiology Fall 2022 Exam Study Guide
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 25hrs 0mins
Name
Class
Date
1.
1. Biology is the study of
a)
minerals and rocks
b)
life
c)
matter and energy
d)
the weather
2.
2. Which of the following is NOT necessarily a characteristic of living things?
a)
homeostasis
b)
metabolism
c)
complexity
d)
reproduction
3.
3. Homeostasis means
a)
a change over long periods of time.
b)
rapid change.
c)
keeps things the same.
d)
the same thing as evolution.
4.
4. What part of the experiment was the amount of food and 20 °C temperature?
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
d)
control group
e)
experimental group
5.
5. What part of the experiment was the heartbeat?
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
d)
control group
e)
experimental group
6.
6. What part of the experiment was population two?
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
d)
control group
e)
experimental group
7.
7. What part of the experiment was population one?
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
d)
control group
e)
experimental group
8.
8. What part of the experiment was the caffeine?
a)
independent variable
b)
dependent variable
c)
constant
d)
control group
e)
experimental group
9.
9. A hypothesis is
a)
a definite answer to a given problem.
b)
a concluding statement.
c)
a proven statement.
d)
a testable possible explanation of an observation.
10.
10. What is the best definition of a scientific theory?
a)
An explanation of how and why a natural phenomenon behaves the way it does
b)
An unproven fact
c)
A speculation or guess
d)
A description of an invariable relationship that exists in nature
11.
11. In the graph, between which 2 consecutive pH levels is there the least difference in the number of tadpoles?
a)
7.0 and 7.5
b)
6.5 and 7.0
c)
6.0 and 6.5
d)
5.5 and 6.0
12.
12. What is the average mass of the mice in grams?
a)
35
b)
50
c)
57
d)
60
e)
300
13.
13. What is the Independent variable or experimental variable in this experiment?
a)
temperature of the samples
b)
type of microscope used
c)
number of Daphnia in the culture
d)
number of heartbeats/sec
14.
14. What is the dependent variable or responding variable in this experiment?
a)
temperature of the samples
b)
type of microscope used
c)
number of Daphnia in the culture
d)
number of heartbeats/sec
15.
15. What type of cell is shown below?
a)
bacterium cell
b)
animal cell
c)
plant cell
d)
virus
16.
16. Which organelle processes and packages proteins for shipment in the cell?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
17.
17. Proteins are synthesized in which numbered organelle?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
18.
18. The energy molecule, Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP), is synthesized in which numbered organelle?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
19.
19. Which statement correctly identifies the cells?
a)
Both cells are prokaryotic.
b)
Cell 2 is eukaryotic; cell 1 is prokaryotic.
c)
Cell 1 is eukaryotic; cell 2 is prokaryotic.
d)
Both cells are eukaryotic.
20.
20. Which statement would not be included in a summary of the cell theory?
a)
The cell is the basic unit of organization.
b)
All cells contain a nucleus that controls cell division.
c)
All organisms are made up of at least one cell.
d)
All cells come from other, preexisting cells.
21.
21. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells possess DNA, cytoplasm, and a cell membrane, but only eukaryotic cells possess rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
a)
True
b)
False
22.
22. On a laboratory exam, a student is asked to determine if the cells under a microscope are plant cells or animal cells. What might the student look for?
a)
chloroplasts and a cell wall
b)
ribosomes and vacuoles
c)
a cell membrane and mitochondria
d)
a nucleus and ribosomes
23.
23. Which cell structure contains coded directions for the production of proteins?
a)
endoplasmic reticulum
b)
lysosome
c)
nucleus
d)
Golgi body
24.
24. Which of the following is a function of the cell membrane?
a)
breaks down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins from foods
b)
regulates which materials enter and exit the cell.
c)
keeps the cell wall in place
d)
stores water, salt, proteins, and carbohydrates
25.
25. Which cell membrane structure provides information to the cell about outside invaders (bacteria and viruses)?
a)
phospholipid bilayer
b)
transport proteins
c)
carbohydrate chains
d)
cholesterol
26.
26. Water will flow _______________ causing the cell to __________.
a)
into the cell, swell
b)
out of the cell, shrink
c)
in both directions, stay the same
d)
none of the above
27.
27. Which cell membrane structure aids in membrane fluidity especially during extreme temperature changes?
a)
phospholipid bilayer
b)
transport proteins
c)
cholesterol
d)
carbohydrate chains
28.
28. Which cell membrane structure provides structures that could act as enzymes, transport molecules, and attachment sites for the cytoskeleton?
a)
phospholipid bilayer
b)
integral proteins and peripheral proteins
c)
cholesterol
d)
carbohydrate chains
29.
29. Osmosis is the
a)
facilitated diffusion of water down the concentration gradient
b)
facilitated diffusion of glucose down the concentration gradient.
c)
active transport of water through a protein pump.
d)
active transport of water through a carrier protein.
30.
30. The cytoplasm of red blood cells have a higher concentration of Na+ than does pure water. Suppose a biologist places a red blood cell in pure water. What is the overall flow of the water and by which process does this net flow of water occur?
a)
Out of the cell; osmosis
b)
Out of the cell; active transport
c)
Into the cell; osmosis
d)
Into the cell; active transport
31.
31. Which of the following cell transport systems uses energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
simple diffusion
c)
active transport
d)
facilitated diffusion
32.
32. Which conclusion can be drawn from the diagram?
a)
Only water molecules move into the cell by diffusion.
b)
Only glucose molecules move into the cell by active transport.
c)
Both water molecules and glucose molecules move into the cell by diffusion.
d)
Both water molecules and glucose molecules move into the cell by active transport.
33.
33. From start to finish what is the correct order of the stages?
a)
2, 3, 4, 1
b)
3, 2, 1, 4
c)
2, 4, 3, 1
d)
3, 1, 2, 4
34.
34. What is the purpose of mitosis?
a)
To produce 2 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
b)
To produce 2 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
c)
To produce 4 cells, each with 1 complete set of chromosomes
d)
To produce 4 cells, each with half the normal number of chromosomes
35.
35. Using the below microscope field, determine the number of cells that are in interphase.
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
e)
8
36.
36. Using the below microscope field, determine the number of cells that are in anaphase.
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
e)
8
37.
37. Using the below microscope field, determine the number of cells that are in metaphase.
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
e)
8
38.
38. Using the below microscope field, determine the number of cells that are in prophase.
a)
2
b)
3
c)
4
d)
7
e)
8
39.
39. Which cell cycle phase(s) contain interphase
a)
A, D, and E only
b)
B only
c)
C only
d)
B and C only
40.
40. Which cell cycle phase(s) contain cell division?
a)
A, D, and E only
b)
B only
c)
C only
d)
B and C only
41.
41. Consider the following conditions and indicate which Cell Cycle Checkpoint most likely responds to the following condition. The replicated DNA has multiple errors after being checked by the DNA repair enzymes. Due to these errors, apoptosis will most likely occur.
a)
G1 checkpoint
b)
G2 checkpoint
c)
M checkpoint
d)
C checkpoint
42.
42. Using the diagram above, the sister chromatids are indicated by which numbers?
a)
1 and 2
b)
1 and 3
c)
4 and 3
d)
4 and 5
43.
43. A protein disk that attaches two chromatids to each other in a chromosome is represented by number____.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
e)
5
44.
47. Which statement describes the egg after it has been placed in pancake syrup?
a)
It is larger because sugar entered the cell by diffusion.
b)
It is larger because water entered the cell by osmosis.
c)
It is smaller because water left the cell by osmosis.
d)
It is smaller because sugar left the cell by diffusion.
45.
48. In the Egg Osmosis Lab, the egg gained mass in the vinegar, which indicates that
a)
the egg was hypertonic to the vinegar and swelled.
b)
the egg was isotonic to the distilled vinegar and did not change in mass.
c)
the egg was hypotonic to the vinegar and shriveled.
46.
49. Suppose a biologist places a red blood cell in pure water. What is the overall flow of the water and by which process does this net flow of water occur?
a)
Out of the cell; osmosis
b)
Out of the cell; active transport
c)
Into the cell; active transport
d)
Into the cell; osmosis
47.
50. Which of the following cell transport systems uses energy?
a)
osmosis
b)
diffusion
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
48.
51. The sodium-potassium pump moves ions from areas of _______concentration to areas of ________concentration using energy.
a)
low, high
b)
high, low
c)
low, low
d)
high, high
49.
52. Chromatin condenses or super coils to form chromosomes.
a)
Metaphase
b)
Interphase
c)
Prophase
d)
Anaphase
50.
53. A cell that does not have enough space or energy it needs at the G1 checkpoint, therefore it may leave the cell cycle and enter a resting state called ____________.
a)
M Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
G1 Checkpoint
d)
G0 Checkpoint
51.
54. All chromosomes are attached to the spindles.
a)
M Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
G1 Checkpoint
d)
G0 Checkpoint
52.
55. There is adequate room in the external environment for more cells.
a)
M Checkpoint
b)
G2 Checkpoint
c)
G1 Checkpoint
d)
G0 Checkpoint
53.
56. If errors or damage are detected, the cell will pause at the G2 checkpoint to allow for repairs. However if the damage is irreparable, the cell may undergo _______________.
a)
cyclin deficiency
b)
signal transduction
c)
apoptosis
d)
cell division
54.
57. During Interphase, a cell will grow twice its size, _________, and duplicates its organelles.
a)
copy its DNA
b)
divide the nucleus
c)
divide the cytoplasm
d)
produce new cells
55.
58. Which scientist(s) determined the basic structure of nucleotides that make up DNA?
a)
Hershey and Chase
b)
Chargaff
c)
Watson and Crick
d)
Levene
56.
59. Using Chargaff’s base-pairing rules, determine the percentage of Guanine if the scientists found that there existed 27% Adenine.
a)
27%
b)
23%
c)
54%
d)
100%
57.
60. Using Chargaff’s base-pairing rules, determine the percentage of Thymine if the scientists found that there existed 27% Adenine.
a)
27%
b)
23%
c)
54%
d)
100%
58.
61. A molecule of DNA is made up of _________.
a)
amino acids and proteins
b)
ATP and enzymes
c)
paired nucleotides
d)
receptor enzymes
59.
62. In DNA, adenine always base pairs with _____.
a)
Cytosine
b)
Thymine
c)
Uracil
d)
Guanine
60.
63. If the structure of DNA were likened to a ladder, what would make up the “supporting structure” (not the “rungs”) of the ladder?
a)
amino acids and sugars
b)
nucleotide bases, including thymine
c)
nucleotide bases, including uracil
d)
sugar-phosphate molecules
61.
64. The diagram above shows a portion of a DNA molecule. The letters in the diagram represent the four bases: adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C). Which sequence of bases do the question marks represent?
a)
C-A-C
b)
G-C-A
c)
G-A-C
d)
T-C-A
62.
65. Which is the function of the enzyme DNA polymerase during replication?
a)
bonds mRNA to original parent strand
b)
bonds nucleotides to new DNA strand
c)
unwinds the replicated DNA strand
d)
winds up the replicated DNA strand
63.
66. Which of the following set of terms are arranged from largest molecule to smallest molecule?
a)
Chromosome -- DNA molecule -- nucleotide -- gene
b)
Nucleotide --gene -- DNA molecule -- chromosome
c)
Chromosome ---DNA molecule -- gene -- nucleotide
d)
DNA molecule -- gene -- nucleotide -- chromosome
64.
67. Calculate the surface area for the 2 micrometer cuboidal cell.
a)
8
b)
16
c)
24
d)
32
65.
68. Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio is an important factor when considering a cell’s ability to live. Justify which cell is MOST efficient at transporting molecules into and out of the cell.
a)
It is the 3 μm cell. It has the lowest surface area to volume ratio at 2 to 1.
b)
It is the 3 μm cell. It has the greatest surface area to volume ratio at 2 to 1.
c)
It is the 2 μm cell. It has the most balanced surface area to volume ratio at 3 to 1.
d)
It is the 1 μm cell. It has the greatest surface area to volume ratio at 6 to 1.
66.
69. Surface Area is an important factor in limiting cell growth because
a)
The cell can burst if the membrane becomes too large.
b)
Materials cannot enter the cell if the surface area is too large.
c)
The cell may become too large to take in enough food and to remove enough wastes.
d)
Waste products cannot leave the cell if the cell is too small.
67.
70. In order, what are the three stages of cell signaling?
a)
reception, transduction, and response
b)
ligand, signal transduction, and cell reception
c)
the paracrine, local, and synaptic stages
d)
signal reception, cellular response, and cell division
68.
71. The below diagram shows which type of cellular communication method?
a)
self
b)
direct
c)
local
d)
long distance
69.
72. This type of molecule is found in the cell walls of plants. Plant cell walls are made of cellulose. Our bodies cannot digest cellulose which is why its called dietary fiber.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
70.
73. This type of molecule is made of repeating units of amino acids.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
71.
74. This type of molecule is found in cell membranes, which allows the membrance to maintain its shape during increased or decreased temperature conditions.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
72.
75. This type of molecule directs the synthesis of proteins, which occurs at the cell's ribosomes.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
73.
76. A polypeptide is a _____________.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
74.
77. A polysaccharide is a _____________.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
75.
78. On of the functions of this macromolecule is to catalyze chemical reactions in our cells. These molecules are known as enzymes.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
76.
79. This molecule stores genetic material and can be either single-stranded or double- stranded.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
77.
80. This molecule is made of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen with a 1:2:1 ratio.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
78.
81. This molecule contains monomers which are made up of a sugar, phosphate and nitrogenous base.
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
79.
82. What is the total magnification of a field of view if the ocular lens is 10x, the objective lens is 40x, and the diaphragm is 5x?
a)
40x
b)
200x
c)
400x
d)
2000x
80.
83. Which parts of the microscope will allow the students magnify the specimen so they can view what is on the microscope slide?
a)
Ocular lens only
b)
Ocular lens and Coarse adjustment knob only
c)
Ocular lens and Objective lens
d)
Ocular lens, Objective lens and Coarse adjustment knob
e)
Ocular lens, Objective lens and Fine adjustment knob
81.
84. Which part of the microscope will allow the students increase resolution or to bring the image into a clear, sharp-focused view?
a)
diaphragm or condenser
b)
coarse adjustment knob
c)
fine adjustment knob
d)
revolving nosepiece
82.
85. In which cell would you find a cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane and nucleus
a)
animal cell
b)
bacterium cell
c)
plant cell
83.
86. Look at example A.
Which type of molecule listed below can pass directly through the phospholipid membrane and move into the cell?
a)
water
b)
oxygen gas
c)
sugar
d)
ions
84.
87. Look at example D.
What type of energy moves molecules against the concentration gradient? What organelle makes this energy?
a)
Glucose, mitochondria
b)
ATP, mitochondria
c)
Glucose, chloroplast
d)
ATP, chloroplast
85.
88. Look at examples B and C.
Why do these molecules need to use a transport protein to pass through the cell membrane?
a)
These molecules are large and nonpolar and will disrupt the fatty acid tails of the membrane
b)
These molecules are too small and will be trapped by the fatty acid tails of the membrane
c)
These molecules are hydrophobic and polar and will disrupt the fatty acid tails of the membrane
d)
These molecules are hydrophilic and polar and will disrupt the fatty acid tails of the membrane
86.
89. What is the main difference between passive and active transport?
a)
Only passive transport involves a protein.
b)
Passive transport requires a concentration gradient, active transport does not.
c)
Only active transport can move ions across the cell membrane.
d)
Both types of transport can use a concentration gradient to move materials into the cell.
87.
90. Osmosis is the
a)
facilitated diffusion of water down the concentration gradient
b)
facilitated diffusion of glucose down the concentration gradient.
c)
active transport of water through a protein pump.
d)
active transport of water through a carrier protein.
88.
91. Each of the following statements about the diagram above are correct EXCEPT
a)
The overall (net) movement of water will be from Side I to Side II.
b)
Side I is hypotonic (meaning it has more water and less solute molecules) to Side II.
c)
The volume levels of both sides will change.
d)
The volume of Side I will increase as water moves by osmosis.
e)
Side II contains more solute, so it is described as hypertonic (meaning it has less water and more solute) to Side I.
89.
92. Studying a picture of a cell taken with an electron microscope, you find that the cell has no nucleus, and no mitochondria, but it does have a cell membrane and cell wall. You conclude that the cell is probably from the Kingdom __________.
a)
Animalia
b)
Bacteria
c)
Plantae
d)
Protista
90.
93. Which letter in the diagram above indicates the structure that aids in attachment between bacterial cells and allows for the transfer of DNA from one bacterial cell to another?
a)
Structure C - Cell membrane
b)
Structure D - Ribosomes
c)
Structure E - Pili
d)
Structure F - Flagellum
91.
94. Which letter in the diagram above indicates the structure that is most closely associated with locomotion (movement) of the bacterial cell?
a)
Structure C - Cell membrane
b)
Structure D - Ribosomes
c)
Structure E - Pili
d)
Structure F - Flagellum
92.
95. Which organelle synthesizes proteins and then transports them to the Golgi body?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
93.
96. The cell shown below is probably an Animal Cell rather than a Plant Cell or a Bacteria Cell because it has
a)
mitochondria and a nucleus
b)
a nucleus and ribosomes
c)
no cell wall and a nucleus
d)
cell membrane and mitochondria
94.
97. The Golgi apparatus is an organelle that
a)
receives lipids and proteins from the smooth ER and rough ER
b)
releases molecules in vesicles
c)
processes and packages proteins and lipids for shipment into and out of the cell
d)
All of the above
95.
98. A plant cell structure differs from an animal cell structure in that a plant cell has
a)
a cell wall, mitochondria and a central vacuole
b)
a large central vacuole, chloroplast and a cell wall
c)
a chloroplast, cell wall and mitochondria
d)
a central vacuole, plastids and a Golgi apparatus
96.
99. Which letter in the plant cell diagram indicates the structure that is most closely associated with capturing sunlight to produce glucose energy (food) for the cell?
a)
D
b)
E
c)
F
d)
G
97.
100. Which letter in the plant cell diagram indicates the rigid structure that provides strength and protection for the cell?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
98.
101. Which cell membrane component maintains fluidity by stabilizing the bilayer during high temperatures, and at low temperatures it prevents the bilayer from clustering together and stiffening.
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
e)
5
99.
102. If a cell has a deformity or irregularities in this cell membrane structure then it may not be able to send and receive signals from nearby cells. Which cell component is responsible for cell signaling and cell communication?
a)
1 and 5 only
b)
2 and 3 only
c)
2 and 1 only
d)
4 and 5 only
100.
103. If a virus wanted to enter a cell, what membrane component would the virus use to access entry into the cell?
a)
Receptor proteins
b)
Phospholipids
c)
Cholesterol
d)
Peripheral proteins
100 %
