WorksheetsSOIL SCIENCE
Total questions: 99
Worksheet time: 2hrs 39mins
Bacteria, fungi, worms, insects, small
mammals, and many other organisms
inhabit the soil, participate in and
regulate in what processes?
(a)
Soil organisms create (a) growth of
plants and also decompose plant and
animal remains.
Living organisms greatly affected by
physical and chemical environmental
factors such as moisture
(a)
- type and amount of clay
- temperature of 90*-100*F
- size of residue
- oxygen content above 5%
- soil pH near 7.0
(a)
- huge reserve of nutrients
- mineralization releases NPK
- imparts dark color on soil
- absorbs 20x its mass of water
- activities of macro and
microorganisms promote
formation of macropores
and aggregates
- buffering of soil pH
- carbon sequestration
(a)
The taking of gaseous CO2 from the
atmosphere and storing it in stable
solid form.
(a)
- management of crop residue
- application of manure
- rotations
- precision agriculture
- cover crops
- agroforestry
- pasture establishment
- irrigation
- terracing
(a)
The volume of soil, water and air.
(a)
decompose and dispose of
plant and animal remains.
(a)
In the process, these organisms form
(a) , which is a more active
component of soil than mineral clays.
Microorganisms also perform
important steps in various (a)
cycles and what phases?
What is the biological rule of
microorganisms?
(a)
- maintenance of soil structure
- regulation of water movement
- carbon sequestration and gas
exchange
- soil detoxification
- nutrient cycling
- decomposition of om
- suppression of pests,
parasites and diseases
- source of food and medicines
- symbiotic and asymbiotic
relationship w/plants and
their roots
- plant growth control (+ & -)
- biological decomposition/
weathering of rocks
(a)
What are the types of
microorganisms?
(a)
One-celled organisms that are the
most abundant forms of life in soils
(a)
Mycelial bacteria that have threadlike
extensions.
(a)
Abundant in habitats with adequate
moisture and lighting.
(a)
Multicellular organisms ranging in
size
(a)
Means fungus root, it forms a sheath
around the plant root.
(a)
When the hyphae penetrate the root
cells, they form highly branched
structures called (a) .
What are the types of mycorrhizae?
(a)
This is when the hyphae extend into
spaces between root cells.
(a)
This is when the hyphae extend into
the root cells.
(a)
One-celled animals.
(a)
Slime molds, which are intermediate
between protozoa and fungi.
(a)
nutrients from minerals are
absorbed by plants, which will
then die and return to the soil
where they decompose and
release the nutrients again
(a)
How many percent of nitrogen are
there in the atmosphere?
(a)
What are the three main steps in the
nitrogen cycle?
(a)
The first step in mineralization.
(a)
Reaction that results in the conversion
of ammonium ions to nitrate ions.
(a)
The process whereby NO3-
undergoes chemical reduction into N2.
(a)
What are the soil chemical properties?
(a)
What are the chemically active
fractions of soil?
(a)
The loss of nutrients in the soil.
(a)
When solid particles in the soil has the
capacity to attract and hold particles
on its surface.
(a)
It is determined by its parent rock
material, etc.
(a)
Consists of living organism and
decomposing remains of plants
and animals.
(a)
Used to describe dead organic matter
which have decomposed.
(a)
What are often called the colloidal
system?
(a)
It means extremely small particles.
(a)
Colloids can be seen with what
microscope?
(a)
What are positively and negatively
charged ions called?
(a)
It is when ions attracted to different
charge may be exchanged.
(a)
It is when negatively charged sites
on colloidal surfaces are much more
numerous than are the positive sites.
(a)
Mineral particles made up mostly of
silicon, oxygen and aluminum.
(a)
Clay minerals with water molecules on
their structure, which also have a platy
or layered structures are called (a) .
When a silica layer develops a
negative charge from the O2
ions along the edge of crystal,
isomorphous substitution
(a)
What are the groups of silicate clays?
(a)
expanding lattice clays
(a)
What is a common member of the
smectite group?
(a)
Derived by weathering of mica.
(a)
Made up of one silica and one alumina
layer.
(a)
The bond between these lattice layers
is called a (a) .
Cations in the outer layer are
sometimes called (a) .
The measure of how many cations can
be retained in the surface of a soil
particle.
(a)
The characteristic of clay and humus
to attract, hold, and release cations is
called (a) .
The concentration of hydrogen ions
(H+) and hydroxyl ions (OH−) in the
soil solution,
(a)
_____ is a measure of how acidic or
alkaline the soil is. Numbers ranging
from 0-6 indicate that the soil is _____
while numbers ranging from 8-14
show that the soil is _____, number 7
being the _____.
(a)
(a) refers to a resistance to change
in pH.
Many (a) left evidence that it was
well understood how vital water was.
- essential to plant growth
- essential to microorganisms
- important in weathering
- plays a role in moderation of
soil moderation
- active factor in soil formation
(a)
What does water in the soil influence?
(a)
The study of the movement of water
on the earth.
(a)
The summary of all the processes
involving water.
(a)
What is the formula for soil water
budget?
(a)
What are the inputs?
(a)
What are the outputs?
(a)
The rate of infiltration varies with the
texture and physical condition
( (a) ) at the soil surface.
A farmer can influence the infiltration
rate of a soil by keeping a protective
_____ on the surface and by
maintaining good _____.
(a)
Transformation of water from liquid to
vapor regulated by solar energy, etc.
(a)
The process of evaporation from
stomata is called (a) .
When gravity causes water to move
downward through the soil, particularly
in larger pores.
(a)
The amount of water that percolates.
(a)
Porous soil or rock layers that are
saturated are called (a) .
What are the two forces the impact
soil water storage and movement.
(a)
_____ is the attraction of a surface for
water and _____ is the attraction of
one water molecule for another.
(a)
What do you call when the plant root
absorbs moisture, water tends to
move toward it.
(a)
What do you call plants that have low,
high & moderate water requirements?
(a)
Explain field capacity, saturation and
permanent wilting point.
(a)
The practice of burying a network of
perforated pipes horizontally in the
soil.
(a)
Involves digging channels in the soil.
(a)
Different irrigation systems are used
based on the (a) .
involves flooding
(a)
Water is sprayed onto the crop.
(a)
Utilizes small tubes on the soil
surface.
(a)
- improved timing of water
application
- plastic lining of supply ditches
- selection of crops
- optimized plant population
density
- attention to plant nutrition and
health maintenance
(a)
What techniques can be used to
minimize water loss by
evaporation.
(a)
All plants need _____ to grow.
Light from the sun supplies the energy
needed for _____, and also and also
warms the soil and air in which crops
grow.
(a)
Soil temperature affects what activities
that occur in the soil?
(a)
- influencing factor in plant
growth rates
- influences the growth and
activity of microorganisms
- influence on the dissolving of
minerals by water
- impacts the physical form of
water (ice, liquid, vapor)
(a)
Invisible electromagnetic waves.
(a)
Heat conduction occurs when energy
is transferred from one molecule to
an adjacent, cooler molecule (direct
contact).
(a)
The ability of a material to conduct
heat.
(a)
The involvement of a heated fluid.
(a)
What are the techniques in managing
soil temperature?
(a)
Tilling the soil and creating a rough
surface is likely to lower the albedo
and improve heat gain.
(a)
What is albedo?
(a)
(a) applied to the soil surface
with the intent of enhancing or
restricting heat flow.
. Most significant temperature control
method for soils.
(a)
