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WorksheetsMP4 Mastery Review
Total questions: 126
Worksheet time: 3hrs 53mins
Which best describes the term evolution?
Naturally occurring mutations
inherited, genetic changes in organisms over time
the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce
random changes in a DNA sequence
What did Darwin notice about the Finches in the Galapagos?
the size and shape of beak was different depending on the food source of each island
the size of finch was different depending on the habitat of each island
the shape and size of beak was the same
the size of finch was the same but the color was different
Which best describes a phylogenetic tree?
a diagram that shows how species share common features
a diagram that shows the genetic similarities and differences between species
a diagram that shows the differences between species
a diagram that shows how living species are related and descended from a common ancestor
Which best describes a cladogram?
a diagram that shows how species share common features
a diagram that shows the genetic similarities and differences between species
a diagram that shows the differences between species
a diagram that shows how living species are related and descended from a common ancestor
Which of the following is not considered evidence for evolution?
fossil record
common ancestor
embryological evidence
homologous structures
Which is not considered a mechanism for evolution?
anatomical variation
DNA mutation
natural selection
competitive advantage
Which statement best describes biological fitness?
the ability for a organism to compete for limited resources
an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in a given environment
a change in an organism that allows it to better survive in its environment
a mechanism of evolution where organisms pass down genetic traits that ensure survival of the organism
Look at the cladogram: which dinosaur is most closely related to the Spinosaurus (blue) AND
which dinosaur is the least closely related to the Spinosaurus (blue)
Immigration
Movement of individuals into a population
Emigration
Movement of individuals out of a population
Gene Flow
The movement of alleles by immigration or emigation.
Genetic Drift
Loss of genetic variability due to interbreeding of the exact same species.
Sexual Selection
Female species choose a mate based on certain traits.
Directional Selection
This occurs when individuals favor one extreme phenotype.
Stabilizing Selection
Acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors the average form of a trait.
Disruptive Selection
Conditions favor individuals at both phenotypic extremes at the expense of the "average" individual
Speciation
Formation of new species.
Species
Group of organisms that produce fertile offspring.
Bats are common in Texas, especially in rocky regions. Bats with longer hang claws have demonstrated higher fitness because of their ability to cling to rock while resting. This adaptation is becoming more frequent in the population. What mechanism of evolution is this?
Natural Selection
Non-random mating
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Evolution by chance, survival of the luckiest:
genetic drift
sexual selection
fitness
coevolution
According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....
Amphibians
Rodents & rabbits
Crocodiles
Birds
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
jaws
mammary glands & hair
terrestrial during all life stages
bipedal & opposable thumbs
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?
Frog
Hare
Caiman
Parrot
According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....
Amphibians
Rodents & rabbits
Crocodiles
Birds
Which trait do only humans have, according to the cladogram?
jaws
mammary glands & hair
terrestrial during all life stages
bipedal & opposable thumbs
On the cladogram, which organism is the closest relative of the parrot?
Frog
Hare
Caiman
Parrot
All the animals to the right of the salamander would have the common characteristic of...
Fur
Claws or nails
Lungs
Jaws
Which is the newest trait?
Amniotic egg
Walking legs
Jaws
Hair
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism?
Amphibians
Ray finned fish
Crocodiles
Birds
What is this a picture of?
Pedigree
Cladogram
Family Tree
Oak Tree
What characteristic distinguishes amphibians from birds and reptiles?
Amniotic egg
Egg shells
Vertebrae
Hair/fur
What distinguishes zebras from from giraffes?
un-branching horns (in males)
even number of toes
fur
carnivorous teeth
What characteristic do all the organisms on this cladogram share?
Being bi-pedal & having language
Complex brains
Fully binocular vision
Partial binocular vision & opposable thumbs
arachnids and insects?
following observations of the plant’s characteristics would be useful in determining its identity with a dichotomous key?
What kingdom?
Characteristics: eukaryotic, multi-celled-photosynthetic.
animal
plant
protist
fungi
What kingdom- eukaryotic-multi-celled-heterotrophic
plant
animal
protista
fungi
MUSHROOMS ARE IN WHAT KINGDOM
PLANT
ANIMAL
FUNGI
PROTIST
AMOEBA-PARAMECIUM-EUGLENA-DINOFLAGELLATES BELONG TO WHAT KINGDOM
PLANT
PROTIST
FUNGI
ANIMAL
ARCHAEBACTERIA
HAS A CELL WALL
FUNGI-ANIMALS
SOME BACTERIA-FUNGI
SOME BACTERIA-FUNGI-PLANTS
SOME PROTIST-ANIMALS
Multicellular organism with cell walls made of chitin found growing on a decomposing manure pile.
I can be either a heterotroph or an autotroph-
I am mostly unicellular
I am the "Junk Drawer" kingdom
The only thing for sure about me is that I have a nucleus in my cells...
I am Kingdom ____________ .
Plantae
Protista
Animalia
Fungi
The three species pictured do not share a common ancestor, yet have evolved to have a similar anatomy and life style. This is an example of ?
Homologous Structures
Divergent Evolution
Vestigial Organs
Convergent Evolution
The three species pictured share a common ancestor and have adapted so that each lives in a different environment. This is an example of
Law of Superposition
Evolutionary Arms Race
Divergent Evolution
Convergent Evolution
By what mechanism did the anoles on Puerto Rico diverge to occupy species specific niches?
Adaptive Radiation
Artificial Selection
Stabilizing Natural Selection
Coevolution
Cichlid fishes in lakes of the East African Rift. The lakes in this area are believed to support and sustain about 2,000 different species of these fish, each with different ecological and morphological characteristics such as body size. These lakes form a fragmented landscape that bio-geographically isolates the different species of cichlid fish from one another, allowing them, and many of the organisms they live with, to evolve separately.
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
In the frigid waters of the ocean surrounding Antarctica, fish have a special trait which allows them to survive the big chill. As scientists discovered in the 1960s, the fish have adapted by evolving a kind of antifreeze. It's composed of molecules called glycoproteins that circulate in the blood of the fishes, slightly lowering the temperature at which their body fluids would otherwise freeze and kill them. The glycoproteins surround tiny ice crystals and keep them from growing. The fish at the other pole of the globe also have a similar protein. It was, however, seen as a mutation after they had diverged from the southern species.
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
A species of birds exists in stasis for many thousands of years. Suddenly, a bacteria causes their primary tree of sheltering choice to die. The birds must adapt within the environment to trees that are much higher requiring more wing strength. Some birds die. The remaining birds' bodies adapt as necessary and they return to a state of stasis.
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
The Rough-skinned newt produces a potent neurotoxin that concentrates in their skin. Garter snakes, have evolved resistance to this toxin through a series of genetic mutations, and prey upon the newts. The relationship between these animals has resulted in an evolutionary arms race that has driven toxin levels in the newt to extreme levels.
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
The Apple Maggot Fly infests the fruit of a native North American Hawthorn Apple tree. In the 1860s some maggot flies began to infest apples. Now there are two populations of the fly feeding on the two food sources. The populations rarely interbreed and are showing genetic differences and therefore are becoming two separate species.
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
Convergent evolution can lead to _____ traits because unrelated species develop similar traits for the same function.
Homologous
Analogous
•Divergent evolution describes evolution toward ______ traits in closely related species.
Different
Similar
The same
Which picture shows an example of co evolution?
The adaptations of wasps, flying fish, flying birds, and bats that allow them to fly are examples of:
punctuated evolution
convergent evolution
divergent evolution
gradual evolution
A bumble bee has just enough mass to pull down and open up the snapdragon flower to get to the nectar inside. Other insects cannot do this. This adaptation is an example of:
convergent evolution
co-evolution
divergent evolution
speciation
What pattern of evolution occurs when 2 different species evolve together b/c they rely on each other?
divergent evolution
convergent evolution
co-evolution
endosymbiosis
What describes a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring?
species
speciation
population
hybrid
What describes a group of organisms from the same species living in the same area?
species
speciation
population
hybrid
The Apple Maggot Fly infests the fruit of a native North American Hawthorn Apple tree. In the 1860s some maggot flies began to infest apples. Now there are two populations of the fly feeding on the two food sources. The populations rarely interbreed and are showing genetic differences and therefore are becoming two separate species.
Phyletic Speciation
Adaptive Radiation
Convergent Evoltion
Divergent Evoltuion
Co-evolution
The picture shows a male and female pheasant. What type of selection occurred for them to have these adaptations?
Natural Selection
Evolution
Sexual Selection
Random Selection
According to Charles Darwin, favourable features makes it more likely that the possessor will attract a ________ and ________ to pass on their genes.
genes, reproduce
mate, reproduce
reproduction, offspring
offspring, reproduction
What is sexual selection?
The process by which physical attraction causes people to fall in love
The process by which reproduction occurs
The process by which traits that increase reproductive success are passed on to succeeding generations of offspring
Which of the following is an example of natural selection?
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year. This results in larger apples from year to year.
Which genotype appears to be the variety that is well adapted to its environment?
AA
Aa
aa
Mutations are the only way to introduce a new variety into a population.
True
False
The 3 butterflies in the top right of the image left the original population and started a new population. This is an example of:
gene flow
founder effect
bottleneck effect
The bottle neck effect ensures that only the most well adapted varieties survive.
True
False
Rare recessive diseases are more likely to occur in large populations than in small populations
True
False
A forest fire ignites in the Sam Houston State Forest and kills many members of a population of pigmy rattlesnakes.
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Maria Concepcion Soto settled in the northern area of Venezuela. She suffered from a rare genetic disorder called Huntington’s Disease. As a result, the now 20,000 individuals who live there also have a high risk of Huntington’s Disease.
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
Select the best answer based on the image.
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
One of the original Amish settlers who founded a new area for them had a rare, genetic disorder which causes short limbs and extra digits. Now, many within the population show this trait.
Gene Flow
Genetic Drift
What occurs during crossing over of chromosomes in meiosis?
mutation
survival of the fittest
recombination
genetic drift
Individuals don't evolve; ______ do.
families
populations
Selective breeding is another term for
Natural selection
Artificial selection
Random selection
Special selection
