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Ecology Part 1&2

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 1hrs 28mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Identify ALL the abiotic factors.

a)

Air

b)

Butterfly

c)

Cloud

d)

Sun

e)

Frog

2.

This is a food web from Shenandoah National Park, a forest ecosystem in Virginia. Which two of the following organisms are omnivores?

a)

pine vole

b)

gray fox

c)

black bear

d)

persimmion tree

e)

silver maple

3.

This is a food web from Shenandoah National Park, a forest ecosystem in Virginia. Which two of the following organisms are secondary consumers in this food web?

a)

pine vole

b)

beaver

c)

black bear

d)

persimmion tree

e)

swallowtail caterpillar

4.

What does biotic mean?

a)

Living

b)

Non living

c)

Man made

5.

What are plants that convert energy from the sun called?

a)

decomposer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

producer

6.

What is the carrying capacity of this graph?

a)

1-15 days

b)

2300 individuals

c)

21 days

d)

500 individuals

7.

When the zooplankton eats the phytoplankton, matter begins to move through this food chain. This matter then becomes food for a consumer further up the food chain. In this food chain, matter moves from prey to a predator when the zooplankton is eaten by the

a)

phytoplankton

b)

zooplankton

c)

bay anchovy

d)

great egret

8.
What does a food web represent?
a)
All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.
b)
The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.
c)
A single pathway or energy flow between organisms. 
d)
How carnivores get their food. 
9.

Barnacles are animals that cannot move. In order to get food, they attach to whales and catch any floating plankton in the water. The whale is neither helped nor harmed in the interaction. What type of symbiosis is this?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Parasitism

d)

Neutralism

10.

This food chain shows organisms in an ocean ecosystem. If the population of leather stars decreases, what most likely will result?

a)

The population of morning stars will likely decrease.

b)

The population of giant green anemones will likely decrease.

c)

The population of giant green anemones will likely increase.

d)

The population of morning stars will likely increase.

11.

The largest number of individuals that an environment can support long term is...

a)

carrying capacity

b)

emigration

c)

immigration

d)

population density

12.
An organism that kills and eats another for food
a)
Predator
b)
Prey
c)
Parasite
d)
Plant
13.
Different populations living and interacting with each other in the same area
a)
Biome
b)
Ecosystem
c)
Community
d)
Niche
14.

All of the biotic and abiotic factors in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.

a)

community

b)

habitat

c)

population

d)

ecosystem

15.
Which of these describes a mutually beneficial relationship between two organisms?
a)
A dog with worms in its intestine
b)
A turtle and a snail that both eat grass live in a river
c)
A honeybee pollinating a plant and receiving nectar for food
d)
A small fish attached to a shark, eating tiny pieces of the shark's food as it floats
16.

Which limiting factor is density dependent?

(Due to the number of individuals in a population)

a)

Drought

b)

Hurricane

c)

Births

d)

Disease

17.

Which limiting factor is density independent?

(Not dependent on the number of individuals in a population)

a)

Competition

b)

Parasitism & Disease

c)

Food

d)

Tornadoes

18.
Organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
a)
herbivore
b)
decomposer
c)
heterotroph
d)
species
19.
In the food web shown, the snail would be considered...
a)
primary consumer
b)
secondary consumer
c)
tertiary consumer
d)
producer
20.
An organism that produces its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(an)
a)
heterotroph
b)
consumer
c)
detritivore
d)
autotroph
21.
What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?
a)
energy path
b)
food web
c)
trophic level
d)
food pyramid
22.
which symbiosis is this 
a)
parasitism 
b)
mutualism
c)
commensalism
d)
nonalism 
23.

Organisms that chemically breaks down and absorbs nutrients from dead organisms 

a)

consumer

b)

trophic level

c)

decomposer

d)

species

24.

Which one of these factors is not an abiotic factor?

a)

Water

b)

Sunlight

c)

Soil

d)

Fungi

25.

What is the level of the biological organizations, in order?

a)

Organism, population, ecosystem, community

b)

Organism, population, community, ecosystem

c)

Organism, community, population, ecosystem

d)

Organism, ecosystem, population, community

26.

What is the carrying capacity for this sheep population?

a)

1.8 million

b)

1.6 million

c)

1.25 million

d)

1 million

27.

Coyotes are opportunistic predators that are found throughout most of North America. They typically feed on small mammals, insects, and fruits and vegetables. They are known for their dietary adaptability. The best description of their role in the food web would be:

a)

An herbivore

b)

A carnivore

c)

An omnivore

d)

A primary producer

28.

A team of ecologists observed feeding patterns of several populations in the desert. The energy pyramid shown below depicts the feeding patterns the ecologist observed. Which of the following best explains the difference in the amount of available energy in the trophic levels of the desert ecosystem?

a)

There is less energy available in the producers because their tissues are less dense than those at higher trophic levels

b)

There is more energy available in the second trophic level because less energy is needed for hunting compared to the higher trophic levels.

c)

There is more available energy in the birds of prey because they have greater muscle mass for storing energy than organisms in lower trophic levels have.

d)

There is less available energy in the fourth trophic level because of the loss of energy through metabolism in each of the lower trophic levels.

29.

What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?

a)

Bushes and Shrubs

b)

Oak trees

c)

Mossess and Lichens

d)

A rose Bush

30.

After a volcanic eruption, lava covers the land. What is the order that plants grow to repopulate the area?

a)

Lichens → Shrubs → Grasses → Trees

b)

Lichens → tree → shrubs→Grasses

c)

Grasses → Lichens → Shrubs → Trees

d)

Lichens → Grasses → Shrubs → Trees

31.

The forest in panel #8 is a...

a)

pioneer species

b)

climax community

c)

tertiary community

d)

intermediate species

32.

Which of the following is not a possible cause of ecological succession?

a)

A. fire

b)

B. flood

c)

C. earthquake

d)

D. change of season

33.
succession that occurs in an area with no soil
a)
ecological succession 
b)
primary succession 
c)
secondary succession
d)
pioneer speciles
34.

What is a keystone species?

a)

An animal that is a predator

b)

An animal that helps keep balance in the environment

c)

An animal that builds wetlands

35.

A habitat is ___________________.

a)

the place or kind of place in which an animal or plant naturally lives.

b)

is how plants produce their own food.

c)

is an animal that only eats meat.

d)

the place where only one animal lives.

36.

A niche ________________.

a)

is the function that an organism performs in the food web of that community.

b)

includes everything else the organism does and needs in its environment.

c)

is specific to each individual animal and plant.

d)

All of the above.

37.

What is a Niche of a honeybee?

a)

Pollenating Flowers

b)

A Honeycomb

c)

Eating other insects.

d)

Swimming.

38.

There must be a certain amount of abiotic factors in an ecosystem to allow organisms to survive. Factors that are too low or too high cause the organisms to die

a)

range of tolerance

b)

limiting factors

c)

zone of intolerance

d)

zone of physiological stress

39.

Zone where a stable healthy population survives

a)

zone of intolerance

b)

optimal range

c)

zone of physiological stress

d)

limiting factors

40.

The ____ states that two species cannot coexist if they occupy the exact same niche.

a)

Competitive Exclusion Principle

b)

Competitive Niche Law

c)

Niches gone wild principle

41.

Which is NOT an example of mimicry:

a)

The fur of an arctic fox turns white in winter to match the snow

b)

An alligator snapping turtle's tonge looks like a worm, so he lures fish to his mouth

c)

A bad tasting butterfly & a good tasting butterfly look similar, so birds don't eat either kind

42.
Which biome has deciduous trees (which lose their leaves)?
a)
Temperate Forest
b)
Rainforest
c)
Grasslands
d)
Taiga
43.
One characteristic feature of tundra is that only the surface thaws in the summer and refreezes in the winter, leaving a layer of permanently frozen subsoil.  This characteristic is known as
a)
glaciation
b)
permafrost
c)
crystallization
d)
soilfrost
44.
A ________ is a forest biome consisting mostly of cone-bearing evergreen trees
a)
desert
b)
temperate deciduous forest
c)
taiga
d)
tundra
45.
Which biome receives between 0 to 25 centimeters of rain per year, has a temperature range of 0 to 50 degrees Celsius, has poor soil, and is home to lizards, scorpions, and snakes?
a)
desert
b)
mountain
c)
taiga
d)
tundra
46.
Which of the following habitats probably has the greatest number of plant and animal species?
a)
the African savannah
b)
a rainforest in Brazil
c)
a temperate forest in China
d)
a temperate grassland in Kansas
47.
Which biome contains large populations of grazing herbivores, few species of birds, and deep, rich soil?
a)
taiga
b)
tundra
c)
deciduous forest
d)
grassland
48.
Which of the following is considered a wetland?
a)
Swamps
b)
Marshes
c)
Bogs
d)
All of the above.
49.
Which of the following is the best definition for estuary?
a)
Narrow band of coastline that exists between high and low tide.
b)
Areas along the coast where fresh water from rivers mixes with salt water from the ocean.
c)
Flowing fresh water containing rapids.
d)
Freshwater aquatic areas that are saturated by water for at least part of the year.
50.
Grasslands are located on every continent with the exception of: 
a)
Africa
b)
Australia
c)
America
d)
Antartica
51.
Oceans, gulfs, and bays 
a)
Marine
b)
Desert
c)
Climate
d)
Freshwater
52.

Organisms that eat secondary consumers are

a)

Producers

b)

Primary consumers

c)

Tertiary consumers

d)

Secondary consumers

53.

A vulture is an example of a

a)

Herbivore

b)

Detritivore

c)

Omnivore

d)

Scavenger

54.

How can detritivores be beneficial to the environment?

a)

provide food for autotrophs

b)

facilitate photosynthesis in plants

c)

allow predation to occur

d)

get rid of waste and dead matter

55.

What eats fragments of dead matter and retrun nutrients to the soil, air, and water?

a)

herbivore

b)

carnivore

c)

omnivore

d)

detritivore

56.

In this Food Web Pyramid, which type of consumer gets only 10% of the energy stored in plants?

a)

Herbivore

b)

Carnivore

c)

Omnivore

d)

Secondary Consumer

57.

In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?

a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
58.
A food pyramid represent the relative amount of energy in trophic levels. Which of the following correctly shows a food pyramid?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
59.

Why must nitrogen fixation take place?

a)

Atmospheric nitrogen is unusable to plants and animals

b)

Nitrogen must be returned to the atmosphere

c)

Animals must breathe in nitrogen

d)

Nitrogen gets "stuck" in the soil and must be untrapped

60.
Organism that breaks down dead plants & animals and releases nitrogen back into atmosphere
a)
bacteria
b)
plants
c)
animals
d)
producers
61.

Based on this graph, you can infer that

a)

CO2 absorbs heat which makes global temperature rise as CO2 concentration increases.

b)

CO2 levels do not affect the global temperature because the graph shows no correlation between the two.

c)

Global temperature is going to increase so much that the ice caps and glaciers will melt in a few years.

d)

Global temperature is increasing which means CO2 concentration will decrease in the next few years.

62.
Why does erosion release carbon into the atmosphere?
a)

Carbon is stored in the soil and when disturbed it will release it. 

b)

Carbon is stored in the clouds and when disturbed it will release it. 

c)

Carbon is stored in the water and when disturbed it will release it. 

d)

All are true!

63.
What is our role in the carbon cycle? 
a)
We are made of carbon. 
b)
We release it into the atmosphere when we breathe. 
c)
We release it into the atmosphere when using fossil fuels. 
d)
All of the above. 
64.
Which cycle is this?
a)
Carbon
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Water
65.
Which cycle is this?
a)
Carbon
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Water
66.

What do Photosynthesis and Cellular respiration have in common?

a)

they both need sunlight

b)

they both need nitrogen

c)

they both happen in animals

d)

they both involve oxygen and carbon dioxide

67.
If all the trees on Earth were destroyed, what would be the effect on humans?
a)
there would be a lack of food
b)
there would be a lack of oxygen
c)
there would be a lack of fresh water
d)
there would be a lack of carbon dioxide
68.

This is NOT a part of the phosphorus cycle.

a)

Phosphate is incorporated into sedimentary rocks

b)

Phosphate bound to soil

c)

Atmospheric phosphate

d)

Phosphate is absorbed from the soil by plants

69.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
70.

The phosphorus cycle occurs much more quickly than the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

a)

true

b)

false

71.
The greenhouse gas having the greatest role in human-caused global warming is
a)
methane
b)
carbon dioxide
c)
CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons)
d)
ozone
72.
Which of the following sets of evidence supports global warming?
a)
CO2 levels rising
b)
Sea Levels rising
c)
Glacier mass decreasing
d)
All of the Above
73.

How are a greenhouse and Earth's atmosphere most alike?

a)

Both prevent harmful radiation from reaching Earth.

b)

Both trap heat inside and prevent it from escaping.

c)

Both lower the temperature to be suitable for life

d)

Both contain large amounts of carbon dioxide

74.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
75.
What is precipitation?
a)
The part of the water cycle when the sun heats up water, turning it from a liquid into water vapor or steam. It rises from the ground into the air.
b)
The part of the water cycle when the water vapor in the air gets cold. The water turns back into a liquid and forms clouds.
c)
The part of the water cycle when clouds get heavy and can no longer hold the liquid water. This causes the water to fall from the sky to the earth as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.

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