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Honors Bio Midterm Review 2023

Total questions: 169

Worksheet time: 3hrs 50mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is the function of an enzyme?
a)
enzymes break themselves into small pieces
b)
enzymes slow down chemical reactions
c)
enzymes speed up chemical reactions
d)
enzymes combine products to form reactants 
2.
Enzymes provide a site where reactants called substrates can be brought together in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The site is called the
a)
enzyme substrate complex.
b)
reaction site.
c)
active site.
d)
lock and key.
3.
An enzyme speeds up a reaction by
a)
lowering the activation energy.
b)
raising the activation energy.
c)
releasing energy.
d)
absorbing energy.
4.

What happens when enzymes are heated to a high temperature?

a)

The enzymes die.

b)

The shape of the enzyme's active site changes

c)

The enzymes' amino acid sequence changes.

d)

The enzymes remain the same

5.
Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.
a)
faster, less
b)
faster, more
c)
slower, less
d)
slower, more
6.

Which factors can change the shape of an enzyme and thus denatures (inactivates) a enzyme?

a)

Excessive heat and changes in pH

b)

Nothing can

c)

Exposure to light and sound

d)

Exposure to bacteria and Amoebas

7.
What effect do low temperatures have on enzymatic activity? 
a)
Low temperatures denature enzymes and slows reactions
b)
Low temperatures change the structure of substrates and slow reactions
c)
Low temperatures means molecules are moving slower and so reaction rate is low
d)
Enzymes work best at low temperatures
8.
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have many differences, but they also share some common features.  Which of the following may be found in either type of cell?
a)
Golgi bodies
b)
ribosomes
c)
mitochondria
d)
nucleus
9.

Only plant cells have a cell wall.

a)

True

b)

False -- all cells have a cell wall

c)

False -- animal cells also have cell walls

d)

False -- bacteria and fungi also have cell walls

10.

Which of the following is NOT found in all cells?

a)

Cell membrane

b)

Ribosomes

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

11.

Select all of the eukaryotic organisms.

a)

Animals

b)

Plants

c)

Protists

d)

Bacteria

e)

Fungi

12.
What are the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
glucose & carbon dioxide
b)
glucose & oxygen
c)
water & oxygen
d)
water & carbon dioxide
13.

Cellular Respiration occurs in what cell organelle?

a)

chloroplast

b)

cytoplasm

c)

mitochondria

d)

animal

14.

What are the 3 reactants of photosynthesis? The reactants are the things needed for photosynthesis to occur.

a)

oxygen, glucose, sunlight

b)

sunlight, oxygen, water

c)

water, oxygen, carbon dioxide

d)

carbon dioxide, sunlight, water

15.

What are the 2 products of photosynthesis? The products are the things made in the process of photosynthesis.

a)

water, sunlight

b)

glucose, carbon dioxide

c)

oxygen, glucose

d)

sunlight, oxygen

16.

Plant cells do not perform cellular respiration.

a)

True -- only animal cells perform cellular respiration

b)

False -- plant cells perform both photosynthesis and cellular respiration

17.

What is a similarity in chemosynthesis and photosynthesis

a)

they both produce carbon dioxide

b)

they both use light

c)

the both are used by plants

d)

they both produce sugar

18.
What is a disadvantage of fermentation as a process? 
a)
It produces too much ATP
b)
It only produces 2 ATP
c)
It occurs in the absence of oxygen
d)
It is only for quick bursts of energy
19.
What forms the channels and pumps in the phospholipid bilayer?
a)
carbohydrates
b)
proteins
c)
hydrophilic heads 
d)
lipids
20.
___________ allow cells to recognize each other and act like ID tags. 
a)
Carbohydrates 
b)
Proteins
c)
Phospholipids 
d)
Cholesterol
21.

This image is an example of a phospholipid. Which part of a phospholipid is HYDROPHOBIC?

a)

the phosphate "head"

b)

the lipid "tails"

22.
When both inside and outside of a cell have the same amount of water it is said that the cell has reached a state of
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion
c)
Equilibrium
23.
Small, non-polar molecules like CO2 and O2 and NO can pass through the cell membrane using what type of transport?
a)
Diffusion
b)
Osmosis
c)
Facilitated Diffusion
d)
Endocytosis
24.
Facilitated diffusion is the movement of materials into and out of the cell
a)
with the use of energy
b)
with the use of proteins but no energy
c)
by moving water
d)
by using ATP
25.
Which form of transport is being shown in the diagram.
a)
diffusion
b)
osmosis
c)
facilitated diffusion
d)
active transport
26.
Active transport requires _____ to move materials across the cell membrane.
a)
proteins
b)
sunlight
c)
oxygen
d)
energy
27.
In this image, the cell is using which type of molecular transport?
a)
Osmosis
b)
Diffusion 
c)
Endocytosis
d)
Exocytosis 
28.

An animal cell placed in a hypertonic solution will

a)

Stay the same

b)

Shrink- get smaller

c)

Swell- get bigger

29.
If you looked at red blood cells under a microscope and saw the blood cells exploded, what would you say happened?
a)
The cells were placed in a hypotonic solution.
b)
the solution was isotonic.
c)
The solution was hypertonic.
30.
 If a cell containing 5% salt is placed into a glass of water with 20% salt, the water is _______ compared to the cell.
a)
hypertonic
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
31.
The stacks of flattened sacs in the picture are called
a)
chlorophyll
b)
grana
c)
stroma
d)
thylakoids
32.
Most plants appear green because chlorophyll
a)
absorbs green light.
b)
absorbs violet light.
c)
reflects green light.
d)
does not absorb violet light.
33.
Where do the light-dependent reactions occur? 
a)
thylakoid membrane
b)
stroma
c)
mesophyll
d)
mitochondria
34.
What is the primary function of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?
a)
To produce glucose
b)
To produce NADPH and ATP
c)
To use ATP
d)
To produce RuBP
35.
Which of the following is NOT a product of the light-dependent reactions?
a)
ATP
b)
NADPH
c)
Oxygen
d)
Glucose
36.
Plants need carbon dioxide from their environment to produce glucose during which stage of photosynthesis? 
a)
The light-dependent stage
b)
The light-independent stage (The Calvin Cycle)
c)
The electron transport chain
d)
ATP formation
37.
The H+ concentration gradient is used to 
a)
make NADPH
b)
split a water molecule
c)
generate ATP
d)
form water
38.
What is represented by "E" in this image?
a)
ATP
b)
NADPH
c)
Light Energy
d)
Glucose
39.

Carbon dioxide is fixed in the _______that occurs in the _________

a)

light dependent; thylakoid

b)

light dependent; stroma

c)

light independent; thylakoid

d)

light independent; stroma

40.

Which of the following would NOT cause a change in the rate of photosynthesis

a)

lack of oxygen

b)

lack of carbon dioxide

c)

lack of water

d)

lack of light

41.
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?
a)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
b)
The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
c)
The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
d)
The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
42.
Based on the graph, what is the optimal temperature for this enzyme? 
a)
15oC
b)
40oC
c)
30oC
d)
35oC
43.
Letter D...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
44.
Letter E...
a)
active site
b)
enzyme
c)
substrate
d)
products
45.
When a piece of liver is dropped into hydrogen peroxide, the peroxide bubbles vigorously as the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) decomposes into water (H2O) and oxygen (O2). This rapid change in reaction rate suggests 
a)
that liver contains lots of germs
b)
 the liver contains an enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide
c)
 that liver is a substrate for hydrogen peroxide
d)
that hydrogen peroxide is a powerful enzyme
46.

Which of the following properties of water allows for organisms to live in frozen ponds?

a)

Capillary action

b)

Density (float / sink)

c)

Cohesion

d)

Adhesion

47.

Using the key, what species does this organism belong to?

a)

Rana clamitans

b)

Rana catesbeiana

c)

Rana sephenocephala

d)

Rana virgatipes

48.

What process is represented by the equation below?

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Aerobic respiration

c)

Anaerobic respiration

d)

Nitrogen fixation

49.

Mitchell is creating a model of a plant cell. Mitchell wants to include organelles that are involved in energy production for the cell. Which organelles should Mitchell include?

a)

Mitchell should use mitochondria to store energy and cytoplasm to release energy from food.

b)

Mitchell should include the nucleus to transform light energy and chloroplasts to store energy.

c)

Mitchell should include cytoplasm to store energy and lysosomes to release energy from food.

d)

Mitchell should include chloroplasts to transform light energy and mitochondria to release energy from food.

50.

Sydney created a cell model for her science project as shown above. Sydney needs to label her model. Which statement BEST describes the type of model Sydney created?

a)

Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain chloroplasts and a cell wall.

b)

Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain a nucleus and a cell wall.

c)

Sydney has created a plant cell model because only plant cells contain cytoplasm and a cell membrane.

d)

Sydney has created an animal cell model because only animal cells contain chloroplasts and a cell membrane.

51.

Which describes an interaction between the Golgi apparatus and another organelle to maintain a cell's homeostasis?

a)

The Golgi apparatus stores nutrients provided by the mitochondria.

b)

The Golgi apparatus sorts and packages proteins created by ribosomes.

c)

The Golgi apparatus collects genetic information to be used by the nucleus.

d)

The Golgi apparatus sends and receives chemical signals for the membrane.

52.

In a cell, the information that controls the production of proteins must pass from the nucleus to what other cell structure?

a)

mitochondrion

b)

cell membrane

c)

chloroplast

d)

ribosome

53.

The fluid-mosaic model of the cell membrane suggests that the membrane is primarily composed of proteins and lipids. Which of the following is a function of proteins in the cell membrane?

a)

to allow substances to cross the plasma membrane via active transport

b)

to provide a hydrophilic head so that water can enter the cell

c)

to package and sort molecules to be sent in vesicles

d)

to read messenger RNA to assemble amino acids

54.

Which of the following is the most accurate statement comparing cell membranes and cell walls?

a)

Cell walls prevent everything from entering the cell, while cell membranes allow some things to enter.

b)

Cell membranes function mostly as selectively permeable gatekeepers while cell walls function mainly as support systems.

c)

Cell membranes are found only in animal cells; cell walls are found only in plant cells.

d)

Cell walls function mostly for photosynthesis while cell membranes function mostly for cellular respiration.

55.

An environmental toxin is discovered that interferes with certain cellular functions. When affected cells are examined, it is observed that proteins are normally found in the plasma membrane are instead found in the cytoplasm. Other proteins are also located improperly. Which structure is most likely affected by the toxin?

a)

Lysosomes

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Cell Wall

d)

Golgi apparatus

56.

Which term best completes the concept map above?

a)

an animal cell

b)

a prokaryotic cell

c)

a virus

d)

a plant cell

57.

The diagram above shows how living things use enzyme in chemical reactions to release energy. How do enzymes affect the reactions in which they take part?

a)

Most enzymes slow down chemical reactions.

b)

Enzymes are converted into products in the reaction.

c)

Enzymes increase the activation energy of the reaction.

d)

Enzymes decrease the activation energy of the reaction.

58.

A student set up the following investigation. An artificial membrane separates two fluid-filled compartments. This membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to sucrose. Both compartments initially hold the same amount of fluid, which consists of sucrose dissolved in water. The fluid in compartment A is a 20% sucrose solution. The fluid in compartment B is a 35% sucrose solution. Which prediction is correct?

a)

Water will move from compartment A to compartment B by osmosis.

b)

Water will move from compartment B to compartment A by osmosis.

c)

Sucrose will move from compartment A to compartment B by diffusion.

d)

Sucrose will move from compartment B to compartment A by diffusion.

59.

Use the illustration of a cell in its environment above to answer the question. Based on the distribution of these molecules, what will most likely happen after a certain amount of time?

a)

The concentration of CO2 will remain the same inside the cell.

b)

The concentration of O2 will remain the same outside the cell.

c)

The concentration of CO2 will decrease outside the cell.

d)

The concentration of O2 will increase inside the cell.

60.

Which means of particle transport is shown in the figure above?

a)

Osmosis

b)

Diffusion

c)

Facilitated diffusion

d)

Active transport

61.

Maggie places cells of Elodea, a freshwater plant, on a wet-mount microscope slide. She uses a saltwater solution to prepare the slide. When she observes the cells under the microscope, what is she MOST LIKELY to see?

a)

The cells will shrink within the cell walls.

b)

The cells will swell, expanding the cell walls.

c)

The cell walls will dissolve, releasing the cell.

d)

The cells will not be affected and remain unchanged.

62.

A balloon allows water but not sugar to pass through it. The balloon contains a 10% sugar solution. A beaker contains a 5% sugar solution. Which statement is true?

a)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will gain water by osmosis.

b)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by osmosis.

c)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will gain water by active transport.

d)

When placed in the beaker, the balloon will lose water by active transport.

63.

SB5c

An organism is multicellular and can be seen without a microscope. The bar graph shows the numbers of some of the organelles in one of the cells from the organism.


From which kingdom is this organism?

a)

Animalia

b)

Archaebacteria

c)

Fungi

d)

Plantae

64.

Sb1b

Which graph shows the most effective enzyme reduction of the amount of required activation energy?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

65.

Sb3a

Scientists conducted an experiment to determine how different wavelengths of light affected photosynthesis. They used two groups of the same plants. The leaves of Group 1 were covered with transparent green plastic. The leaves of Group 2 were not covered with any plastic. The results show that the plants photosynthesized best when their leaves were not covered in any plastic. Which hypothesis do the results support?

a)

If leaves are uncovered, then their chloroplasts will produce more oxygen than the leaves that are covered in green plastic.

b)

If leaves are covered in green plastic, then their mitochondria will absorb more carbon dioxide than the mitochondria of uncovered leaves.

c)

If leaves are uncovered, then their chloroplasts will release more carbon dioxide than the chloroplasts of leaves covered in green plastic.

d)

If leaves are covered in green plastic, then their mitochondria will produce more oxygen than the leaves that are uncovered

66.

The cell theory is...

a)

All living organisms are composed of at least one cell.

b)

building blocks of life. All cells come from

c)

All of the above

d)

Cells arise only from previously existing cells.

67.

A prokaryotic cell is...

a)

Cells that don't contain a nucleus but do contain other membrane-bound organelles.

b)

Cells that contain a nucleus but no other membrane-bound organelles.

c)

Cells that contain a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.

d)

Cells that don't contain a nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles.

68.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, the independent variable is ...
a)
The type of plant
b)
The amount of sunlight
c)
The type of music
d)
The type of liquid
69.
When Hurricane Marilyn struck the Caribbean islands in 1995, a group of about 15 green iguanas floated on storm debris from the island of Guadeloupe to the island of Anguilla. No other iguanas lived on Anguilla. Because the iguanas are geographically isolated from others of their species, the iguanas will MOST LIKELY
a)
develop new traits.
b)
be unable to breed.
c)
be unable to survive.
d)
interbreed with other species.
70.
Unwanted substances would build up in the cell without this organelle
a)
lysosome
b)
mitochondria
c)
nucleus
d)
ribosome
71.

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

a)

It regulates mineral concentrations in cells

b)

It regulates body temperature

c)

It maintains water balance

d)

It maintains sugar balance in cells

72.

Which statement best explains why animals are considered heterotrophic?

a)

They are able to produce food through the process of photosynthesis.

b)

They are able to produce food through the process of respiration.

c)

They are able to obtain nutrients by decomposing plant and animal tissue.

d)

They are able to obtain nutrients by consuming other organisms or their products

73.
Some organisms that share a common ancestor have features that have different functions, but similar structures.  These are known as
a)
vestigial structures
b)
analogous structures
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil structures
74.
Which term refers to the process by which individuals that are better suited to the environment survive and reproduce therefore passing down their genes to their offspring? 
a)
Evolution 
b)
Variation 
c)
Adaptation
d)
Natural Selection 
75.

Which animal is the turtle most closely related to?

a)

Human

b)

Frog

c)

Cat

d)

Viper

76.

A species of cave beetle that lives in total darkness is blind but has remnants of what looks like eyes. These “eyes” are...

a)

adaptations

b)

vestigial structures

c)

homologous structures

d)

embryology

77.

When a genetically distinct population of organisms arises that cannot interbreed with other populations

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Artificial Selection

c)

Speciation

78.

Convergent evolution occurs when natural selection causes distantly related organisms to

a)

merge into one continuous population because of reversals in continental drift.

b)

evolve both analogous and homologous characteristics.

c)

evolve similar structures in response to similar environmental challenges.

79.

The type of selection that may eliminate intermediate/ “in between” phenotypes is

a)

stabilizing

b)

disruptive

c)

directional

80.

What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...

a)

store genetic information

b)

have chloroplasts

c)

use glucose for cellular respiration

d)

have endoplasmic reticulum

81.

Which viral life cycle kills its host cell by lysing (exploding)?

a)

lytic

b)

mitosis

c)

lysogenic

d)

S phase

82.

This diagram shows a Paramecium, a unicellular protist. When a chemical is added to the pond water in which the Paramecium lives, the Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

83.

Which adaptation do ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms have that mosses do not have?

a)

chloroplasts

b)

flowers

c)

stomata

d)

vascular tissue

84.
Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?
a)
CO2 + light + H2O --> O2 + Sugar
b)
CO2 + sugar + H2O --> O2 + light
c)
O2 + light + H2O --> CO2 + Sugar
d)
CO2 + O2 + H2O --> Light+ Sugar
85.
I have cell walls
I am an autotroph
I am multicellular
What am I?
a)
Plant
b)
Animal
c)
Eubacteria
d)
Unicorn
86.
I have no cell walls
I am eukaryotic
I reproduce sexually
I am multicellular
What kingdom do I belong to?
a)
Plantae
b)
Animalia
c)
Protista
d)
Fungi
87.
I am unicellular
I am prokaryotic
I am found in extreme ecosystems
What kingdom do I belong to?
a)
The Candy Kingdom
b)
Kingdom Plantae
c)
Kingdom Animalia
d)
Kingdom Archaebacteria
88.
All living things are divided into three groups called 'domains'. They include, Domain Bacteria, Domain Archaea, and ____________.
a)
Domain Ikea
b)
Domain Eukarya
c)
Domain Romain (Lettuce-based organisms)
d)
Domain of Spain Rains only on the Plane!
89.
In my kingdom, we have strange and amazing members that don't seem to fit well in any of the other kingdoms.
Who am I?
a)
Plantae
b)
Animalia
c)
Oz
d)
Protista
90.

The Linnaean taxonomic system classifies organisms into divisions called taxa. If two organisms belong to the same taxonomic group, they are related. Similarity at which of these levels indicates the closest relationship?

a)

Kingdom

b)

Class

c)

Order

d)

Genus

91.

A cladogram is pictured here. All the animals to the right of the hagfish would have the common characteristic of...

a)

fur

b)

claws or nails

c)

lungs

d)

jaws

92.

Viruses

a)

do not have hereditary material.

b)

are not separated from their environments.

c)

lack an independent metabolism.

d)

have traits that do not evolve.

93.

Viruses

a)

lack the genes necessary for transcription.

b)

need a host cell to provide nutrients.

c)

need a host cell to break down cellular membranes.

d)

lack ribosomes necessary to produce their own proteins.

94.

Which microscope could be used to see the INNER PARTS of dead cell's organelles (smaller parts)?

a)

Dissecting Microscope

b)

Compound (Light) Microscope

c)

Scanning Electron Microscope

d)

Transmission Electron Microscope

95.

Which microscope could be used to see the OUTER PARTS of dead cell's organelles (smaller parts)?

a)

Dissecting Microscope

b)

Compound (Light) Microscope

c)

Scanning Electron Microscope

d)

Transmission Electron Microscope

96.
Structures in organisms that have the same function due to similar environmental pressures.
a)
Analogous Structure
b)
Homologous Structure
c)
Vestigial Structures
97.
Structures in organisms that have the same function due to similar environmental pressures.
a)
Analogous Structure
b)
Homologous Structure
c)
Vestigial Structures
98.

In _____ selection, individuals with both extreme forms of the trait are at a selective advantage.

a)

directional

b)

stabilizing

c)

disruptive

d)

natural

99.

_____ selection favors one extreme form of trait in a population.

a)

directional

b)

stabilizing

c)

disruptive

d)

natural

100.
Which of the following statements is correct based on the information shown in this cladogram?
a)
the turtle and the frog are more similar to each other than the turtle and the bass
b)
frogs have existed for a longer time that bass
c)
the frog is more closely related to the bass than to the leopard
d)
the bass is exinct
101.

The name of the scientist who proposed the theory of evolution by acquired traits.

a)

Charles Darwin

b)

Jean Baptist Lamarck

c)

Greggor Mendel

d)

Carolus Linneaus

102.

When a population develops a different genetic makeup that is not reflective of the majority of other populations of the same species. The change is unrelated to evolution.

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Population Bottleneck

d)

Founder Effect

103.

The disproven mechanism of evolution that states organisms can pass on physical traits gained through behaviors in their lifetimes.

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Population Bottleneck

d)

Acquired Traits

104.

Geologist, said the earth was very old.

a)

Lyell

b)

Darwin

c)

Shakespeare

d)

Hutton

105.

If humans and penguins share similarities in an enzyme this could be an example of:

a)

Biochemical/molecular evidence

b)

Embryological evidence

c)

Anatomical Evidence

106.

An animal has several inherited characteristics that makes it much fitter than its rivals. According to Natural Selection it should:

a)

Help the others that are less fortunate

b)

Survive longer, have more and better babies.

c)

Be equals with its kin

107.

High fitness individuals in a population:

a)

Live longer and have more offspring

b)

Live longer but have less offspring

c)

Neither live longer nor have more offspring

108.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
109.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
110.

Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale?

a)

Hippopotamus

b)

Baleen Whale

c)

Grazing Mammals

d)

Camels

111.

Had idea that acquired traits would be passed to offspring.

a)

Malthus

b)

Darwin

c)

Lamarck

d)

Lyell

112.

Geologist, said the earth was very old.

a)

Lyell

b)

Darwin

c)

Shakespeare

d)

Hutton

113.

Vertebrate embryos:

a)

Have similar stages of development, due to a common ancestor

b)

Have different stages of development, due to a common ancestor

114.

Tetrapods (4 limbs) have very similar bone structures. This leads biologists to believe:

a)

They all had a common ancestor

b)

Their common ancestor was probably a lamprey

c)

Their limbs are convergent evolution

115.

If humans and penguins share similarities in an enzyme this could be an example of:

a)

Biochemical/molecular evidence

b)

Embryological evidence

c)

Anatomical Evidence

116.

Which is artificial selection?

a)

Breeding dogs for specific traits.

b)

Coyote species diverging from the wolves.

117.

Natural selection would select for:

a)

Better camouflage for hiding

b)

Bigger, redder, neck sack to attract females.

c)

Bigger antlers to beat up other deer.

d)

Loss of alleles.

118.

An animal has several inherited characteristics that makes it much fitter than its rivals. According to Natural Selection it should:

a)

Help the others that are less fortunate

b)

Survive longer, have more and better babies.

c)

Be equals with its kin

119.

Genetic variation in a population can be increased with:

a)

Mutations

b)

Genetic drift

c)

Founders effect

d)

Genetic bottleneck.

120.

High fitness individuals in a population:

a)

Live longer and have more offspring

b)

Live longer but have less offspring

c)

Neither live longer nor have more offspring

121.

Bird wings and bat wings are similar, but bats and birds are not closely related. This means their wings are an example of :

a)

Convergent evolution

b)

Divergent evolution

122.

A species of frog, over time and through mutations, becomes two species as it spreads from swamp to swamp. This is an example of:

a)

Adaptive radiation

b)

Coevolution

c)

Convergent evolution

123.
Humans, birds, whales, and lizards all have similar arm bones. What is the reason for this?
a)
The function of these bones is the same in all animals
b)
They live in similar environments
c)
They have a common ancestor
d)
All organisms resemble humans
124.
Which of the following pieces of evolution evidence deals with aged and identified fossils?
a)
fossil record
b)
comparative embryology
c)
comparative biochemistry
d)
comparative anatomy
125.

What is suggested by the similarity of early embryos of different species of vertebrates?

a)

no evolutionary relationships between the groups

b)

evolution from a distant common ancestor

c)

similar environments in the past

126.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
127.

The hip bones in a whale are examples of

a)

homologous structures

b)

analogous structures

c)

fossils

d)

vestigial structures

128.
The structures shown are_________
a)
homologous
b)
heterologous
c)
analogous
d)
vestigial
129.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
130.

Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale?

a)

Hippopotamus

b)

Baleen Whale

c)

Grazing Mammals

d)

Camels

131.

True or False: Humans DNA contains the gene that codes for the enzyme to make Vitamin C, but it is nonfunctional.

a)

True

b)

False

132.

A human appendix, a whale's hip bones and a human tail are all:

a)

nonexistent

b)

homologous structures

c)

examples of embryology

d)

vestigial structures

133.


Of all the places he visited, the ___________________ Islands influenced Darwin’s ideas about evolution the most.

a)

Galapagos

b)

Hawaiian

c)

Bora Bora

d)

Aleutian

134.
Why did the population of moths change
a)
Predators were able to easily see their prey.
b)
People hunted lighter colored moths
c)
White moths were killed by the smoke from the factories
d)
Moths mood changed to sad, causing them to become dark
135.
The term that best describes why the moth population changed color over time
a)
adaptation
b)
natural selection
c)
mutation
d)
predator-prey
136.
When every organism of a species has died.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artificial Selection
137.

What word describes a trait that helps an organism survive in its environment?

a)

natural selection

b)

mutation

c)

camouflage

d)

adaptation

138.

Do organisms "decide" to evolve and change?

a)

Yes, they know they need to change to survive

b)

No, they change because of natural selection

139.
The differences among a species, like different bird beaks, are called
a)
genes.
b)
variations.
c)
traits.
d)
theories.
140.
The theory of evolution by natural selection means that what is changing over time?
a)
The inherited traits of a population.
b)
The acquired traits of a population.
c)
Hair color and eye color
d)
Attractive features.
141.
Survival of the Fittest and Evolution were proposed by what scientist?
a)
Steven Hawking
b)
Albert Einstein
c)
Charles Darwin
d)
Isaac Newton
142.

What adaptation prevented moths from being eaten by birds?

a)

camouflage coloring

b)

fast flying

c)

long necks

d)

bright colors

143.

Dark colored moths living on light colored trees have _____.

a)

high fitness

b)

low fitness

c)

more resources

d)

good luck

144.

What happened when the trees turned dark color?

a)

Moths that were light color survived and reproduced successfully

b)

Moths that were dark color survived and reproduced successfully

c)

Moths that were light color turned dark color to hide

d)

Moths went extinct because they were all light color and got eaten

145.

According to this cladogram, primates are most closely related to....

a)

Amphibians

b)

Rodents & rabbits

c)

Crocodiles

d)

Birds

146.

What is the value of a transitional fossil?

a)

Transitional forms show the evolutionary steps between species.

b)

Transitional forms are evidence of punctuated equilibrium.

147.

50 million years ago, the Pakicetus had nostrils toward the front of it's skull Gray whales, modern-day descendants of the Pakicetus have nostrils toward the back of the skull. The Aetiocetus lived 25 million years ago, and it's nostril was in the middle of the skull. In this case, the Aetiocetus serves as a ______________.

a)

index fossil

b)

transitional fossil

148.

What is an example of a vestigial structure in a human?

a)

liver

b)

appendix

149.

What is the study of the similarities and differences in unborn fetuses, or developing organisms?

a)

Paleoclimatology

b)

Comparative embryology

150.

_______________, or selective breeding, is one way that humans impact evolution. One example is how the Belgian Blue cow has been bred to have greater muscle mass.

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Homologous

151.
The environment around Manchester, England, changed during the Industrial Revolution.  How did this change affect peppered moths living in the area?
a)
Natural selection favored moths with dark wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
b)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings that were easy for predators to see.
c)
Natural selection favored moths with white wings because predators could not see them on the soot-colored trees.
d)
Natural selection caused moths with white wings to become extinct.
152.
What happens when species produce too many offspring?
a)
Species share the limited resources 
b)
Species eat less so that all can survive
c)
Only those that are least fit can survive
d)
Only those that are best fit can survive
153.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY: Which of the following must be true in order for organisms to be considered the same species?

a)

They must be able to mate

b)

They must be able to produce viable offspring

c)

They must have structural similaries

d)

They must have the same bone structure

154.
What happens when species produce too many offspring?
a)
Species share the limited resources 
b)
Species eat less so that all can survive
c)
Only those that are least fit can survive
d)
Only those that are best fit can survive
155.
While at the Galapagos Islands, Charles Darwin found that:
a)
There were slight differences in finches from island to island
b)
There were slight differences in finches on the islands compared to the mainland
c)
The shape of the finches beaks were different on each island
d)
All possible multiple choice answers
156.
Which of the following must happen for a new species to evolve?
a)
Isolation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Differentiation 
d)
All of the possible multiple choice answers
157.
When a population becomes divided by an event such as a new river forming, ____________ has occurred.
a)
Differentiation 
b)
Isolation
c)
Adaptation
d)
Separation
158.
Variations in a population are caused by:
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Selective Breeding
c)
Artificial Selection
d)
Random Mutations
159.
If an environment changes, populations with ______________ have a better chance of survival.
a)
No genetic variations
b)
Genetic variations
c)
A small number
d)
A large number
160.
The climate of a certain area is cold, and snow is found on the ground most of the year. Equal numbers of two populations of rabbits are introduced into this climate by a group of scientists. One of the populations is brown and the other is white. Predict what will happen over several generations.
a)
There will be equal numbers of brown and white rabbits
b)
There will be more brown rabbits that white rabbits
c)
There will be more white rabbits than brown rabbits
d)
There is no way to predict what will happen to the rabbit population
161.
The variations within a population will most likely be passed on to future generations if they are: 
a)
Due to a mutation and result in beneficial variations
b)
Due to a mutation and result in harmful variations
c)
Not due to a mutation and result in harmful variations
d)
Not due to a mutation and result in beneficial variations
162.

Members of a species can breed with other members of the same species.

a)

True

b)

False

163.
___ are mistakes in the DNA that cause variation within a species.
a)
mutations
b)
adaptations
c)
speciations
d)
isolations
164.
Organisms with the most beneficial traits will survive.  This is commonly known as ___.
a)
theory of evolution
b)
variations
c)
survival of the fittest
d)
ecosystems
165.
Attractions between the negative Oxygen atom of one water molecule and the positive Hydrogen atom of another water molecule are called
a)
Covalent bonds
b)
Ionic bonds
c)
Polar bonds
d)
Hydrogen bonds
166.
Which of the following is LEAST likely to dissolve in water?
a)
nonpolar fats and oils
b)
polar sugar molecules
c)
salt made of a positive sodium ion and a negative chloride ion
d)
all of the substances will dissolve easily in water
167.
 Small insects can walk across the surface of calm water. Their feet push the surface of the water down slightly, somewhat like a person walking across a trampoline, but they do not break the surface. What is the best explanation for why this happens?
a)
The insects are light enough so that they do not break the hydrogen bonds holding the water molecules together
b)
The insects actually use their wings to hover slightly above the water's surface and they only skim it with their feet
c)
The insects' feet are non-polar, so they are repelled by the polar water molecules and are pushed away from the water's surface
d)
The insects are small enough to see the individual water molecules, so they are able to step carefully from one molecule to the next
168.
Large bodies of water, such as lakes and oceans, do not quickly fluctuate in temperature. What is the reason for this phenomenon?
a)
Water is an acid.
b)
Water is a versatile solvent.
c)
Water has a high heat capacity.
d)
 Water acts as a buffer.
169.
The tightness across the surface of water that enables paper clips to float is ____________.
a)
adhesion
b)
capillary action
c)
surface tension
d)
polarity

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