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Bio Quarterly 3 review '25

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 3hrs 42mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which of the following alleles is homozygous (purebred) recessive?
a)
Tt
b)
tt
c)
TT
d)
t
2.
Which of the following is a phenotype?
a)
Aa
b)
red hair
c)
heterozygous genes
d)
mutated DNA
3.
Aa is
a)
homozygous (purebred)
b)
heterozygous (hybrid)
4.
In a heterozygous genotype, the ___________ allele takes over in the phenotype.
a)
recessive
b)
dominant
c)
lower case letter
d)
both 
5.
T = tall an t = short
What is the phenotype for Tt?
a)
short
b)
tall
c)
medium sized
d)
neither tall or short
6.
How many alleles (letters) do each person carry for a trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
7.
How many alleles (letters) does a child get from each parent for each trait?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
8.
In a Punnett square each box represents a(n)....
a)
offspring
b)
parent
c)
gene
d)
trait
9.
How many chromosomes are in a sex cell?
a)
46
b)
23
c)
26
d)
43
10.
The passing of physical characteristics from parent to offspring is __________.
a)
genetics
b)
heredity
c)
genes
d)
traits
11.
When a capital letter is used, what kind of allele is being represented?
a)

Recessive Allele

b)

Sex linked gene

c)

Punnett Squares

d)

Dominant trait

12.

The outward appearance of an organism, regardless of its genes.

a)
phenotype
b)
genotype
c)
haploid
d)
deploid
13.
This pedigree represents the inheritance of hemophilia in this family. How many of the females have the hemophilia trait?
a)
8
b)
5
c)
2
d)
3
14.
Which of the following combinations of sex chromosomes represent a female?
a)
XY
b)
XXY
c)
XX
15.

What is non-disjunction?

a)

Cells do not divide during telophase

b)

chromosomes are formed incorrectly

c)

cells separate incorrectly during prophase

d)

chromosomes separate incorrectly during anaphase

16.

What is another name for down syndrome?

a)

Trisomy 18

b)

Trisomy 21

c)

Trisomy 13

d)

Trisomy 23

17.
A physical or chemical agent that can cause a change in DNA is called what?
a)
Gene Expression
b)
Protein
c)
Mutagen
d)
mRNA
18.

Choose all the mutagenic agents.

a)

X-rays

b)

UV radiation

c)

Cigarette smoke

d)

Organic compounds

e)

Carcinogens

19.

Can temperature effect gene expression?

a)

Yes, Himalayan rabbits grow dark fur in extreme temperatures

b)

No, Himalayan rabbits are born with a certain color fur and it stays that way

20.
Artificial selection is...
a)

the process by which humans select who lives and reproduces based on traits of the animal or plant.

b)

the process by which nature selects who lives and reproduces.

c)
the process by which animals adapt to their surroundings.
d)
the process by which people take over ecosystems.
21.

Which base is ONLY found in DNA?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Guanine

c)

Thymine

d)

Adenine

22.

Which base is only found in RNA?

a)

Uracil

b)

Thymine

c)

Adenine

d)

Guanine

23.

What molecule is shown here?

a)

Peptide

b)

Amino Acid

c)

Nucleotide

d)

Carbohydrate

24.

Which sequence below would be complementary to this strand of DNA:  AATCATGGA

a)
AATCATGGA
b)
TTAGTACCT
c)
UUAGUACCU
d)
GGATAUCUA
25.

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Mitosis

26.

Where does TRANSCRIPTION occur?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Ribosome

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Mitochondria

27.

How do you know when to STOP translating a strand of mRNA?

a)

look for STOP on the decoder

b)

you don't

c)

when my teacher tells me to

28.

TRANSCRIBE this DNA sequence: TACGTTACT

a)

AUGCAAUGA

b)

ATGCAATGA

c)

AUGGATUGA

d)

TACGTTACT

29.
Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter?
a)
YES!
b)
NO!
30.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
31.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
32.
Which component of DNA determines the traits of an organism? 
a)

Molecular Bases

b)
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
c)
Hydrogen bonds
33.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria in cytoplasm

c)

ribosome in cytoplasm

d)

chloroplast in cytoplasm

34.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
35.

What process is happening in the diagram?

a)

transcription

b)

translation

c)

dna replication

d)

mitosis

36.
Which of the following are in the correct order?
a)
proteins determine traits --> genes code for proteins --> DNA divided into genes
b)
proteins determine traits --> DNA divided into genes --> genes code for proteins
c)
DNA divided into genes --> proteins determine traits --> genes code for proteins
d)
DNA divided into genes --> genes code for proteins --> proteins determine traits
37.
Determine the sex of the individual whose karyotype is displayed in the image.
a)
female
b)
male
38.

Identify the picture in the image:

a)

Karyotype

b)

Gel Electrophoresis

c)

DNA Fingerprint

d)

Gene Analysis

39.

XY

a)

Female

b)

Male

40.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Male

b)

Female

c)

No chromosomal abnormalities

d)

Trisomy 21

41.

SELECT ALL THAT APPLY:

a)

Male

b)

Female

c)

No chromosomal abnormalities

d)

Trisomy 18

42.
A mutation is?
a)
Any change in DNA
b)
Any change in RNA
c)
Any change in the genetic code
43.
Mutations affect the ________ of a protein. Because of this the proteins ______ is affected as well. 
a)
gene, function 
b)
sequence, gene
c)
shape,function
44.

A sequence of three nucleotide bases on mRNA that refers to a specific amino acid.

a)

anticodon

b)

codon

c)

deletion mutation

d)

chromosomal mutation

45.

An environmental agent that increases the rate of mutation

a)

genetic code

b)

mutagenic agent (Mutagen)

c)

mutation

d)

point mutation

46.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
47.

True or False: Traits are influenced by either genetics or the environment, but not both.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Himalayan rabbits are known to grow dark fur as temperatures drop, this is due to the

a)

the environment mutates the fur

b)

environment causing a gene to be expressed and the fur growing out dark

c)

fur changing color because the rabbit wants to be darker colored

d)

a gene was cloned from an organism near by

49.

A shark and a dolphin have similarly shaped

bodies and fins. However, these two organisms

are not closely related: The shark is a fish, and

the dolphin is a mammal. Some species may

have similar body structures even if they are not

related because they evolved in

a)

similar environments and specific traits increased their chances of survival

b)

similar environments and were exposed to factors that caused exactly the same mutations

c)

different environments, but tried to adapt in the same ways so they could survive

d)

different environments, but ate similar foods that affected their growth and development

50.

Scientists at Penn State have sequenced the DNA of the extinct woolly mammoth. The data suggested that the woolly mammoth was more closely related to present-day elephants than previously believed.


Which statement could account for the similarities between the woolly mammoth and present-day elephants?

a)

Common gene mutations were caused by agents such as industrial chemicals and radiation

b)

Present-day species developed from earlier, different species

c)

Selective breeding results in offspring better able to survive.

d)

Both animals have identical genetic information

51.

Survival of at least a few members of a population after a major environmental change is most dependent on

a)

the population having an individual that is adapted to the original environment

b)

the population having an individual that is adapted to great changes in the temperature in its environment

c)

variations in many different traits in many individuals in the population

d)

no variations in the color of the fur, skin, or feathers of the individuals in the population

52.

The theory of evolution states that

a)

species that are extinct have no biological relationship to living species

b)

different animal species always interbreed to form new and different species

c)

species change over time, sometimes developing into new species

d)

the environment of Earth is constant over time

53.

Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be

a)

variations within a species

b)

extinction of the species

c)

asexual reproduction

d)

no change in the genes of an organism

54.

Natural selection is best described as

a)

a change in an organism in response to a need of that organism

b)

a process of nearly constant improvement that leads to an organism that is nearly perfect

c)

differences in survival rates as a result of different inherited characteristics

d)

inheritance of characteristics acquired during the life of an organism

55.

A physical barrier water or mountain range that separates organisms.

a)

Reproduction Isolation

b)

Geographic Isolation

c)

Speciation

d)

Evolution

56.

Differences in characteristics w/in the population

a)

Overproduction

b)

Variation

c)

Competition

d)

Speciation

57.
What do phylogenic trees do?
a)
Help you visualize how species are related.
b)
Provide windbreaks in your yard.
c)
Provide DNA details.
58.
A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?
a)
species will adapt no matter what the environment
b)
environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
c)
Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
d)
Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation
59.

Which organisms are most likely to survive?

a)

The strongest in the environment

b)

The fastest in the environment

c)

The most tame in the environment

d)

The best adapted to the environment

60.

What do you need for natural selection to occur?

a)

A fast organism

b)

Genetic variation

c)

A selective pressure AND genetic variation

d)

Speciation

61.

What is melanin?

a)

A protein pigment that absorbs light

b)

A protein that is waterproof and tough

c)

A cell found in the epidermis

d)

A vitamin that helps you sleep

62.

Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice first appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?

a)

They have a mutation in MC1R gene that affects their fur color.

b)

They migrated due to climate change in their original environment.

c)

They migrated due to shortage of food supply in their original environment.

d)

A volcano erupted and turned some mice dark.

63.

The change in the second codon of DNA sequence from GAA to GAG does not affect the amino acid sequence. This is an example of ........................................

a)

Nonsense mutation

b)

Missense mutation

c)

Silent Mutation

d)

Frameshift Mutation

64.
Since the 1800s humans have stopped burning coal, and the trees have returned to their original color. Which moth will be more successful in this environment?
a)
Dark moth
b)
Light moth
c)
Both will be equally successful
d)
Neither will be successful
65.
Why is the mouse population changing over time?
a)
The light mice can reproduce more successfully than the dark mice
b)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because the dark mice taste better
c)
The hawks eat more light mice than dark mice because they can see the light mice more easily
d)
The hawks eat more dark mice than light mice because they can see the dark mice more easily
66.

What is a mutation?

a)

a random change in the DNA

b)

a random change in the amino acid chain

c)

an error that occurs when the mRNA is made

67.

A selective pressure is something

a)

in the DNA that mutates and causes a change in the phenotype.

b)

in the environment that changes the ability of an organism to survive.

c)

in the environment that changes an organisms DNA.

d)

in the DNA that makes an organism better able to survive.

68.

Why did dark-colored rock pocket mice FIRST appear in a population of light-colored rock pocket mice?

a)

They have a genetic mutation that affects their fur color.

b)

There is dark lava rock in the are where they live.

c)

Individuals change color to blend in with the environment.

d)

Predators eat the light-colored mice.

69.

Which of the following mutations is most likely to cause a frameshift?

a)

substitution

b)

silent mutation

c)

insertion

70.
If a person lives in an environment with low radiation what kind of skin color would be the best adapted
a)
Darker skin tones to increase production of Vitamin D Synthesis
b)
Darker skin tones to protect DNA and Folate
c)
Lighter Skin tones to increase production of Vitamin D
d)
Lighter Skin tones to protect DNA and Folate
71.
What is the evolutionary benefit for dark skin near the equator?
a)
Skin cancer protection
b)
Folate Protection
c)
It has no evolutionary relationship
d)
Easier vitamin D production
72.

Is it possible for two people that are homozygous with Albinism to have a child without the trait? Identify the correct statement.

a)

Yes, since Albinism skips a generation.

b)

No, both parents will pass on the recessive trait to ALL their offspring.

c)

Maybe, as long as they never all never go in the sun.

d)

None are correct

73.
What makes this individual's karyotype not normal?
a)
An extra sex chromosome
b)
An extra autosome
c)
A missing sex chromosome
d)
A missing autosome
74.

In which organelle does cellular respiration take place?

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondrion

c)

nucleus

d)

endoplasmic reticulum

75.

Which of these word formulas for cellular respiration is correct?

a)

Glucose + Water --> Carbon dioxide + Oxygen + Energy

b)

Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy --> Glucose + Oxygen

c)

Energy + Water + Oxygen --> Glucose + Carbon dioxide

d)

Glucose + Oxygen --> Carbon dioxide + Water + Energy

76.

Which of the following represents the correct cycling of gases?

a)

b)

c)

d)

77.

Cellular Respiration is an aerobic process which means it requires Oxygen.

a)

True

b)

False

78.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
79.

What is the point of a feedback loop?

a)

To provide the body with more energy.

b)

To provide the body with more food.

c)

To make sure the conditions in the body are always changing.

d)

To make sure the conditions in the body remain stable.

80.

Homeostasis is described as when the body is

a)

balanced

b)

functioning below capacity

c)

functioning above capacity

d)

metabolising

81.

Which genes in this picture are linked?

a)

A and C

b)

B and C

c)

A and B

d)

none of them

82.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

The experimental results could be made more valid by

a)

increasing the number of students

b)

using safety precautions

c)

using a plastic clothespin

d)

making a bar graph of the data


83.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

The dependent variable for this experiment is the

a)

time the student was squeezing the clothespin

b)

number of times the student was able to squeeze the clothespin

c)

strength of the student

d)

length of the clothespin

84.

Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph.


Which statement is best supported by the graph?

a)

Before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65; four minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

b)

After four minutes of exercising, the average pulse rate was 120; two minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 120.

c)

While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150; before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.

d)

Two minutes before exercising, the average pulse rate was 80; after two minutes of exercise, the average pulse rate was 140

85.

What is the function of the circulatory system?

a)

Transport oxygen and nutrients

b)

Remove extra water and wastes

c)

Digest food and absorb nutrients

d)

Collect, transfer and process information

86.

A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn’t continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to

a)

the heart beating too fast and tiring out

b)

the lungs accumulating oxygen

c)

lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles

d)

lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles

87.

An investigation is carried out to determine the effect of exercise on the rate at which a person can squeeze a clothespin.

In this investigation, the independent variable is the

a)

control

b)

exercise

c)

rate of squeezing

d)

number of participants

88.
True or False: The process of diffusion is a movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to an area of lower concentration.
a)
True
b)
False
89.
True or False: Glucose is a small molecule.
a)
True
b)
False
90.
What did we add to the inside of the cell when we started the lab?
a)
Indicator
b)
Starch
c)
Glucose
d)
Starch and Glucose
91.

Small particles are not able to pass through the cell membrane.

a)

True

b)

False

92.
Osmosis is the movement of _____ across a membrane.
a)
food
b)
energy
c)
oxygen
d)
water
93.
The inside of the cell turned after 20 minutes ...
a)
Blue black
b)
Red
c)
Amber
d)
Clear
94.
What does selectively-permeable mean?
a)
The cell controls what passes in and out of the cell
b)
Nothing gets through
c)
The cell lets only large substances through
95.

Identify the substance/molecule that will not diffuse.

a)

Starch

b)

Glucose

c)

Iodine

96.

Molecule A cannot diffuse. What is a possible reason why?

a)

Molecule A is a macromolecule and it is too large to move.

b)

Molecule A is a building block and it is too large to move.

c)

Molecule A is a building block and it is too small to move.

d)

Molecule A is a macromole and it is too small to move.

97.

What is the starch indicator?

a)

Iodine

b)

Bromothymol Blue

c)

Benedict's Solution

d)

Glucose

98.

What is one observation that could be made that would confirm that starch indicator (iodine) diffused into the cell.

a)

The cell turned orange

b)

The cell turned blue

c)

The cell turned blue-black

d)

The cell stayed milky white

99.

Why did starch not diffuse out of the cell?

a)

Too large

b)

Too small

c)

Not enough molecules

d)

Too many molecules

100.

The diagram represents a cell and its changes as a result of laboratory procedure "A". Describe procedure "A" and why it would cause the change shown.

a)

(1) Water was added

(2) Water then entered the cell resulting the cytoplasm and cell membrane to push up against the the cell wall

b)

(1) Water was added

(2) Water then left the cell resulting in the cytoplasm and cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall.

c)

(1) Salt was added

(2) Water then left the cell resulting in the cytoplasm and cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall.

d)

(1) Salt was added

(2) Water then entered the cell resulting the cytoplasm and cell membrane to push up against the the cell wall

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