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WorksheetsHISTOLOGY LECTURE
Total questions: 72
Worksheet time: 37mins
The thick myofilament is made up of this protein.
Myosin
Actin
Troponin
Tropomyosin
This region in sarcomere is occupied primarily by the thick myofilament.
A-band
I-band
H-band
M-band
This region in a sarcomere is occupied by the protein Myomesin.
M-Line
Z-Line
H-band
A-Band
This region in a myofibril from one Z-line to another Z-line is the smallest contractile unit of skeletal & cardiac muscle tissue
Sarcosome
Sarcomere
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasm
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum of skeletal and cardiac muscle tissue has this specialized name
Sarcosome
Sarcomere
Sarcolemma
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
These multipotent cells are found in connective tissue of the umbilical cord
Fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Mesenchymal cells
Adipocytes
In connective tissue proper found in adults, these are the active cells that synthesizes the precursor for collagen fibers, as well as the components of the extracellular matrix.
Fibroblasts
Mesenchymal cells
Fibrocytes
Adipocytes
These fixed cells of the connective tissue are filled with secretory granules that almost obscures the nucleus of the cells. These granules in turn contains molecules that are involved in allergic reactions.
Fibroblasts
Fibrocytes
Mast Cells
Adipocytes
The following are wandering cells of the connective tissue, except:
Mast Cells
Inflammatory Macrophages
Lekocytes
Plasma Cells
This region in a sarcomere is occupied primarily by the thin myofilament
A-Band
I-Band
H-Band
M-Band
These cells differentiate from B-lymphocytes and are responsible for the production of antibodies.
Mast Cells
Resident Macrophages
erythrocytes
plasma cells
• Resident Cells (Fixed)
• Visiting Cells (Wandering)
Connective Tissue Cells
Extracellular Matrix
promotes smooth muscle contraction à increase vascular permeability
Heparin
Histamine
Serine proteases
Cytokines
This type of connective tissue fiber forms networks or meshwork of thin fibers and are mostly found in stroma of organs
Collagen Fibers
Elastic Fibers
reticular fibers
mesenchymal fibers
Which among the following is the major protein found in elastic fibers?
Type III Collagen
Type II Collagen
elastin
vimentin
A proteoglycan is made up of a core protein attached to which are many:
Glycoproteins
Glycosaminoglycans
Glycocalyx
Glycogen
This is the most abundant type of connective tissue in the body.
Mucoid Tissue
Connective Tissue Proper
Bone Tissue
Cartilage
This layer of the dermis is made of dense irregular connective tissue
Papillary Layer
Basal Layer
Reticular Layer
Lamina Propria
The connective tissue beneath the simple columnar epithelium lining the sma intestine is called the lamina propria. The connective tissue found here is:
Dense Regular Connective Tissue
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Mucoid Tissue
Areolar Connective Tissue
Surrounding the blood vessels in the umbilical cord is a jelly-like substance called the Wharton's jelly. It is made up of:
Dense Regular Connective
Dense Irregular Connective Tissue
Mucoid Tissue
Areolar Connective Tissue
The most abundant fiber in this connective tissue are reticular fibers.
Elastic Tissue
Elastic Cartilage
Reticular tissue
fibrocartilage
The cells of bone and cartilage are housed in a cavity called the
Canaliculi
Haversian
Lacunae
Trabeculae
The following are characteristics of cartilage tissue, except:
Avascular
No lymph vessels
Calcium in matrix
No nerve supply
This layer of the perichondrium is lined by chondroblasts:
Fibrous layer
Cellular layer
Central layer
Peripheral
The following are locations where hyaline cartilage can be found, except:t
Epiglottis
Trachea
Sternal ends of ribs
Articular ends in joints
This type of cartilage appears yellowish in fresh tissue and is found in auricle of the ears, and epiglottis. The matrix of this cartilage contains elastic fibers.
Fibrocartilage
Elastic Cartilage
hyaline cartilage
reticular cartilage
This glycoprotein attaches calcium to the collagen fibers in the bone matrix.
Fibronectin
Laminin
Osteocalcin
Elastin
The following bone cells originate from mesenchymal cells, except:
Osteoblasts
Osteoprogenitor cells
Osteoclasts
Osteocytes
This layer of the cerebral cortex contains the largest pyramidal neurons in the CNS
External pyramidal
internal pyramidal
molecular layer
multiform layer
The formation of the neural tube, also known as neurulation, commences at
33rd week of life
3rd month
3rd week of life
3rd day of life
• Embryonic, multipotent cells
• Rarely present in adults; if present, found in bone marrow & CT near capillaries
Mesenchymal Cell
Fibroblasts (active)/Fibrocytes (inactive)
Reticular Cells
Adipose Cells
• “True” CT cells
• Synthesizes: collagen, reticular, and elastic connective tissue fibers; glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and adhesive glycoproteins of ground substance
Mesenchymal Cell
Fibroblasts (active)/Fibrocytes (inactive)
Reticular Cells
Adipose Cells
• Abundant in reticular tissue
• Fibroblasts that are specialized to synthesize Type III collagen
Mesenchymal Cell
Fibroblasts (active)/Fibrocytes (inactive)
Reticular Cells
Adipose Cells
• Store fat (lipid) as a single large droplet; nuclei pushed to the side (“signet ring”)
White Adipose (fat) cells
Brown Adipose Cells
when a fat cell is only starting to accumulate fat → Function: insulation, fat pads for organ protection
Lipoblast
Leptin
Brown Adipose Cells
White Adipose
hormone that increases lipid metabolism and regulates appetite and food intake
Leptin
Lipoblast
White Adipose
Brown Adipose Cells
• Cells smaller than white adipose cells; store fat as multiple lipid droplets (multilocular)
• Found in hibernating animals & newborn individuals – generates body heat
• As an adaptation to cold environment, cell numbers and tissue increase
White Adipose (fat) cells
Brown Adipose Cells
local inflammatory response, tissue repair, innate immunity
Mast Cells (Mastocytes; Histaminocytes)
Fibroblasts (active)/Fibrocytes (inactive)
Reticular Cells
Adipose Cells
“Guardians of the gate”
(a)
» Antibody-producing cells
» Life span: 10-20 days
» Differentiates from B-lymphocytes
» Numerous in CT that are readily accessible to foreign proteins and bacteria such as the lamina propria of the digestive tract
Plasma Cells
Leukocytes (WBCs)
RETICULAR FIBERS
ELASTIC FIBERS
nucleated cells in the blood; perform their functions in connective tissues then undergo apoptosis
Plasma Cells
Leukocytes (WBCs)
MACROPHAGES
COLLAGEN FIBERS
2 to 10 µm
Collagen Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers
0.5 to 2.0 µm
Collagen Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers
1.0 µm
Collagen Fibers
Reticular Fibers
Elastic Fibers
Present in all connective tissue; dominant fiber type in most CT
Form: bundles of fibers
Function: provide tensile strength
» Its tensile strength is greater than steel
• Flexible but inelastic
Made up of Type I Collagen
COLLAGEN FIBERS
RETICULAR FIBERS
ELASTIC FIBERS
covers an entire muscle fiber; made of loose connective tissue
perimysium
epimysium
endomysium
connective tissue covering an entire muscle organ
perimysium
epimysium
endomysium
connective tissue made of dense irregular connective tissue; covers muscle fasicles
perimysium
epimysium
endomysium
number on nucleus of skeletal muscle tissue
one
many
central
peripheral
number on nucleus of cardiac muscle tissue
one
many
central
peripheral
number on nucleus of smooth muscle tissue
one
many
central
peripheral
location of nucleus/nuclei skeletal muscle tissue
one
many
central
peripheral
location of nucleus/nuclei cardiac muscle tissue
one
many
central
peripheral
location of nucleus/nuclei smooth muscle tissue
one
many
central
peripheral
major protein of collagen fiber
type I
type II
type III
Elastin
major protein of reticular fiber
type I
type II
type III
Elastin
major protein of elastic fiber
type I
type II
type III
Elastin
cell releasing precursor protein of collagen fiber
fibroblasts
reticular cells
fibrocytes
fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells
cell releasing precursor protein of reticular fiber
fibroblasts
reticular cells
fibrocytes
fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells
cell releasing precursor protein of elastic fiber
fibroblasts
reticular cells
fibrocytes
fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells
striations present in skeletal muscle tissue
No
yes
striations present in cardiac muscle tissue
No
yes
striations present in smooth muscle tissue
No
yes
voluntary contractions in skeletal muscle tissue
No
yes
voluntary contractions in cardiac muscle tissue
No
yes
voluntary contractions in smooth muscle tissue
No
yes
sarcomere present in skeletal muscle tissue
No
yes
sarcomere present in cardiac muscle tissue
No
yes
sarcomere present in smooth muscle tissue
No
yes
gap junctions present in skeletal muscle tissue
No
yes
gap junctions present in cardiac muscle tissue
No
yes
gap junctions present in smooth muscle tissue
No
yes
