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Unit 6 Review

Total questions: 92

Worksheet time: 2hrs 47mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is an operon?

a)

a part of a ribsome

b)

a part of a Rna

c)

a unit made up of linked genes that code for proteins needed to do a specific task

d)

needed for dna replication

2.
An operon consists of all the the following EXCEPT
a)
operator
b)
promoter
c)
regulatory gene
d)
genes of the operon
3.

Operons are found in which of the following organisms?

a)

Bacteria(prokaryotes)

b)

plants and animals(eukaryotes)

c)

only animals

d)

virsuses

4.
The "on/off" switch for an operon is called the
a)
promoter
b)
repressor
c)
operator
d)
gene
5.

What does a promoter do?

a)

binds RNA polymerase for transcription

b)

binds DNA polymerase for replication

c)

binds the operator

d)

binds the repressor

6.
A protein that binds to the operator and blocks the RNA polymerase
a)
regulator
b)
repressor
c)
activator
d)
corepressor
7.

The lac operon genes only become expressed if:

a)

lactose binds to repressor

b)

glucose binds to repressor

c)

repressor binds to operator

d)

lactose binds to operator

8.
What is the role of operons in prokaryote gene expression?
a)
It makes the genes prokaryotes be turned on
b)
It accounts for the regulation of gene activity in response to the needs of the cells
c)
To make DNA for the gene
d)
To make the gene turn of and off
9.
Most gene regulation happens at which step along the way?
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
signal transduction
d)
DNA replication
10.

What is the name of the stretch of DNA where RNA polymerase binds?

a)

operator

b)

promoter

c)

enhancer

d)

regulatory gene

11.

What does the lactose do to the Operon?

a)

Blocks transcription of the lactase gene by cutting up the DNA

b)

Binds to the repressor preventing it from attaching to the operator

c)

The lactose binds promoter to prevent transcription

d)

Allows for the transcription rate of lactase to slow down

12.

Regulatory proteins (transcription factors) may

a)

encourage transcription

b)

prevent transcription

c)

stop transcription once its started

d)

either encourage or prevent transcription

13.

In a repressible operon, the corepressor

a)

allows transcription to progress

b)

allow the repressor to prevent transcription

c)

binds to the promoter and transcribes the gene

14.

When subunits are available in the environment, a cell will use them to create necessary macromolecules. What type of operon would it most likely use for this process?

a)

repressible operon

b)

inducible operon

15.

In the lac operon the inducer is

a)

lactose

b)

glucose

c)

galactose

d)

all of the above

16.

What is 1 in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

17.

What is 2 in the diagram?

a)

RNA polymerase

b)

Inducer

c)

Repressor

d)

Operator

18.

In the top picture the operon is

a)

on

b)

off

19.

What type of operon is the trp (tryptophan) operon?

a)

inducible

b)

repressible

c)

positive control

d)

promotor

20.

What is gene expression?

a)

a regulated process

b)

an easy process

c)

a quick process

d)

a slow process

21.

The Himalayan rabbit's habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur.

A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area . The shaved area grew black fur.

Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the Ice pack was placed was black and not white?

a)

The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit's body temperature decreased.

b)

The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.

c)

The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.

d)

White hair only grows during certain times of the year.

22.

CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism . Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.

How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

a)

By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism

b)

By identifying how closely related one individual is to another

c)

By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce

d)

By activating or deactivating specific genes

23.

Negative control regulatory proteins use repressors.

a)

True

b)

False

24.

Match the following

a)

sequences of DNA that code for either regulatory proteins or small regulatory RNA. 

1.

Regulatory genes:

b)

proteins that bind to DNA to either facilitate or hinder transcription of the DNA by RNA polymerase. 

2.

Regulatory proteins:

c)

pieces of RNA that bind to mRNA and activate or inhibit translation.

3.

Small regulatory RNA (sRNA):

d)

noncoding sequences of DNA that regulatory proteins bind to.

4.

Regulatory sequences:

25.

Gene expression is

a)

when cells regulate to what extent they express each gene contained in their DNA

b)

sequences of DNA that code for either regulatory proteins or small regulatory RNA

c)

noncoding sequences of DNA that regulatory proteins bind to. 

d)

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product.

26.

Label the regulatory proteins and processes

a)Negative Control
b)Positive Control
c)Activator
d)Repressor
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
27.

What is a chromosome?

a)

a piece of DNA

b)

DNA wrapped around protein

c)

the complete genome of an organism

28.
Which RNA bases would pair with TACGAA in transcription? 
a)

AUGCUU

b)

ATGCTT

c)

GCATCC

d)

GCAUCC

29.
This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.
a)

anti-parallel

b)

deoxyribosic

c)

helical

d)

radioactive

30.

Match the following

a)

Polymerase

1.

builds the complimentary DNA strand

b)

Ligase

2.

bonds DNA fragments together

c)

Primase

3.

Indicates whee DNA replication begins

d)

Helicase

4.

"unzips" the DNA

31.

DNA replication is described as (a)   when new DNA is composed of one strand from the parent DNA and one strand that is newly synthesized.

32.

Pyrimidines are double ringed structure.

a)

True

b)

False

33.

Purines are double ringed structure.

a)

True

b)

False

34.

Place the correct label as demonstrated in the picture.

a)hydrogen bond
b)phosphates
c)bases
d)sugar
e)phosphodiester linkage
1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
35.
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?
a)

5' to 3' 

b)

3' to 5' along the template strand

c)

3' to 5' along nontemplate(coding) strand

d)

5' to 3' along the template strand

36.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:


UGG-ACU-CGA-GUG

(a)  

37.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:


AUU-AAG-UGC-GGG

(a)  

38.

What is the amino acid sequence for the following mRNA strand:


CCA-GAG-UUU-UAG

(a)  

39.

All of the following are true EXCEPT:

a)

Gene expression involves transcription and translation

b)

Transcription copies DNA to RNA

c)

Translation copies RNA to protein

d)

All RNAs are translated into protein

40.

The TATA box is

a)

a promoter in eukaryotes.

b)

an operator in prokaryotes.

c)

an exon in prokaryotes.

d)

a tail in eukaryotes.

41.

Which of the following describes the process of alternative RNA splicing?

a)

Different mRNA molecules are made from different sections of DNA

b)

Different mRNA molecules are made from cutting out different exons from same pre-mRNA

c)

Different mRNA molecules are absorbed from the environment for recombination

d)

Different mRNA molecules are absorbed from the mitochondria for translation

42.
What is a Codon?
a)

4 base pairs that transfer to amino acids

b)

3 base pairs that transfer to amino acids

c)

3 base pairs that transfer to DNA

d)

3 base pairs that transfer to mRNA

43.

The molecule that synthesizes the mRNA inside the nucleus

a)

DNA polymerase

b)

Nucleotides

c)

RNA polymerase

d)

helicase

44.

Who is Gregor Mendel

a)

an Austrian Monk from the mid 1800s who contributed to the study of Genetics

b)

The scientist who discovered the structure of DNA

c)

a British scientist who discovered penicillin

d)

The scientist who used X-Ray Crystallography to shed light on the structure of DNA

45.

sugar and phosphate is bonded by

a)

glycosidic bond

b)

phosphoester bond

c)

nucleotide

d)

nucleoside

46.

The composition of base, sugar and phosphate groups is called

a)

glycosidic bond

b)

phosphoester bond

c)

nucleotide

d)

nucleoside

47.

Purines are double ringed structure.

a)

True

b)

False

48.

Pyrimidines are double ringed structure.

a)

True

b)

False

49.

What is genetic transformation?

a)

A prokaryotic cell turning into a eukaryotic cell

b)

Foreign DNA being inserted into a plasmid

c)

A host organism taking in foreign DNA

d)

A gene being mutated

50.
If a DNA stand has 32 % guanine before semi conservative replication occurs, what percent thymine will each new strand have after replication? 
a)
64%
b)
32%
c)
18%
d)
36%
51.

Based upon the data in the table provided complete letter D (32% Thymine), determine the percentage of Cytosine present in DNA of Yeast.

a)

20%

b)

36%

c)

64%

d)

18%

52.

Based upon the data in the table provided complete letter F (22.8% of Guanine), determine the percentage of Thymine present in DNA of Maize.

a)

37.9% Thymine

b)

32.8% Thymine

c)

27.2% Thymine

d)

22.6% Thymine

53.

Explain how forensic scientists are able to use DNA analysis to identify individuals.

a)

Comparison of DNA from a known source or individual with analysis of the sequence of an unknown sample of DNA allows scientists to find out if both of them are similar or not.

b)

DNA from the unknown sample is sequenced and analyzed. The result of the analysis is then matched with any random population. The matching individual then helps in forensics.

c)

Comparison of DNA from a known source or individual with analysis of the sequence of bases in strands of an unknown sample of RNA allows scientists to find out if both of them are similar or not.

d)

Comparison of DNA from a known source or individual with analysis of the sugars and phosphates in strands of an unknown sample of DNA allows scientists to find out if both of them are similar or not.

54.

Select all that are true about DNA Polymerase

a)

Synthesize 5' to 3' direction only

b)

Can synthesize RNA

c)

Synthesize 3' to 5' direction only

d)

Cannot initiate synthesis de novo

55.

Why can't DNA Polymerase initiate synthesis de novo?

a)

It actually can

b)

It needs a primer

c)

DNA strands are antiparallel

d)

mRNA is not processed

56.

Process when the code from the DNA is copied to mRNA

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

57.

Where does transcription occur?

(a)  

58.

What is produced by transcription?

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

DNA

59.

Where does translation occur?

a)

In the cytoplasm

b)

At a ribosome

c)

In the cytoplasm at a ribosome

d)

In the nucleus

60.

What is produced by translation?

a)

rRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

Proteins

d)

Lipids

61.

Which types of RNA are used in translation? Select all correct options

a)

DNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

tRNA

62.

What is a codon?

a)

A set of 3 nucleotides on mRNA

b)

A set of 3 nucleotides on DNA

c)

A whole strand of mRNA

d)

An amino acid

63.

What type of RNA is responsible for bringing amino acids?

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

DNA

64.

What is the central dogma?

a)

DNA to RNA to Amino Acid

b)

DNA to RNA to Protein

c)

RNA to DNA to Protein

d)

RNA to DNA to Amino Acid

65.

What binds together to create proteins?

a)

Sugars

b)

Nucleotides

c)

Lipids

d)

Amino Acids

66.

In RNA, what base replaces Thymine?

a)

Cytosine

b)

Adenine

c)

Uracil

d)

Guanine

67.

Determine the RNA sequence that compliments the DNA stranded:


TACGGT

a)

TACGGT

b)

AUGCCA

c)

ATGCCA

d)

UACGGU

68.

What is the template for the RNA sequence?

(a)  

69.

How does rRNA read the mRNA strand?

a)

In single nucleotides

b)

In codons

c)

All at once

70.

Select all of the RNA types from the options below

a)

mRNA

b)

rRNA

c)

pRNA

d)

tRNA

e)

cRNA

71.

There are several steps in gene expression. DNA is a double helix, that unwinds into two strands. What is the next step in DNA replication as shown in diagram 2?

a)

Process; replication; produvt tRNA

b)

Process; Transcription; product; mRNA

c)

Process; Transctription; product; DNA

d)

Process; recombination; product; polymerase

72.

What are the steps in order of protein synthesis.

a)

Messenger RNA is produced using DNA as a template

b)

mRNA attaches to the ribosome

c)

a anti-codon on tRNA bonds to a specific codon on mRNA

d)

Amino acids bond together to create a peptide chain

e)

A protein is created

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
73.

Negative control regulatory proteins use repressors.

a)

True

b)

False

74.

Match the following

a)

sequences of DNA that code for either regulatory proteins or small regulatory RNA. 

1.

Regulatory genes:

b)

proteins that bind to DNA to either facilitate or hinder transcription of the DNA by RNA polymerase. 

2.

Regulatory proteins:

c)

pieces of RNA that bind to mRNA and activate or inhibit translation.

3.

Small regulatory RNA (sRNA):

d)

noncoding sequences of DNA that regulatory proteins bind to.

4.

Regulatory sequences:

75.

Gene expression is

a)

when cells regulate to what extent they express each gene contained in their DNA

b)

sequences of DNA that code for either regulatory proteins or small regulatory RNA

c)

noncoding sequences of DNA that regulatory proteins bind to. 

d)

the process by which information from a gene is used to synthesize a functional gene product.

76.

Label the regulatory proteins and processes

a)Negative Control
b)Positive Control
c)Activator
d)Repressor
1
2
3
4
1)
2)
3)
4)
77.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

78.

Which of the following would result in a frameshift mutation?

a)

Insertions only

b)

Substitution only

c)

Deletion only

d)

Insertions and Deletions

79.

DNA molecule segment is : TTACGCAAG

The mutated DNA segment is TTCGCAAG. This is an example of ___ mutation.

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Inversion

80.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

81.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion- Frameshift

b)

Deletion- Substitution

c)

Deletion -Frameshift

d)

All of the above

82.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

83.

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

84.

Identify the DELETION mutation form the following:

ATG CCA AAT

a)

ATG TCA AAT

b)

ATG CCT AAA T

c)

ATC CA AT

d)

ATG CCA AAT

85.

Which mutation will cause translation to stop?

a)

Mutations 1 and 3 only

b)

Mutation 1 only

c)

Mutation 2 only

d)

Muations 1, 2, 3

86.

Which type of mutation does the model demonstrate?

a)

Deletion

b)

Substitution

c)

Insertion

d)

Translocation

87.

Mutations can be spontaneous.

a)

True

b)

False

88.
Are all mutations bad?
a)
Yes
b)
No
89.

What describes a change in the DNA sequence?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA replication

d)

Mutation

e)

Apoptosis

90.

Where would a mutation have to occur in order to be passed down to organism’s offspring?

a)

Somatic

b)

Germline

91.

True or False: All mutations are Harmful

a)

False

b)

True

92.

3 bases in a row on the mRNA strand, that call for a particular amino acid to be added to the polypeptide chain:

a)

chromosome

b)

gene

c)

codon

d)

anticodon

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