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Earth Science 2nd Semester Final Review

Total questions: 122

Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How often does the moon rotate on its axis?

a)

Once every 27.5 days

b)

Once every day

c)

Once every 24 hours

d)

Once every 27.3 days

2.

Why are there no land features on the moon?

a)

Because there is no weathering and erosion

b)

Because there are no plate tectonics

c)

Both a and b

d)

None of the above.

3.

The lighter areas that can be seen on the Moon are called what?

a)

maria

b)

LOE

c)

basins

d)

terrae

4.

What is the most dominant feature on the surface of the Moon?

a)

volcanoes

b)

craters

c)

river basins

d)

fault lines

5.

The dark areas on the Moon are referred to as "seas" because they are

a)

ancient dried lake beds

b)

dried ocean basins

c)

basalt lavas

d)

seawater

6.

_____________ is short for extrasolar planet.

a)

Nebular

b)

Exoplanet

c)

Nuclear

d)

Solar

7.

______________ are very small, rocky bodies that orbit the Sun

a)

Comets

b)

Asteroids

c)

Meteors

d)

Moons

8.

What are near-Earth asteroids?

a)

Asteroids that are found on earth

b)

Asteroids that cross earth’s orbit

c)

Asteroids found on earth’s moon

d)

None of the above

9.

What happens to a comet's tail as it gets closer to the sun?

a)

melts and evaporates

b)

grows larger

c)

gets smaller

d)

none of these

10.

How long are comets visible?

a)

1-2 years

b)

10 -15 years

c)

20 - 30 year

d)

Just a short time

11.

A ______________ is a streak of light across the sky.

a)

Asteroid

b)

Meteor

c)

Comet

d)

Exoplanet

12.

When meteoroids do not burn up and strike the earth’s surface to create a _____________

a)

Asteroid

b)

Meteor

c)

Comet

d)

Meteorite

13.

Halley’s Comet, with a period of ____ years

a)

55

b)

65

c)

75

d)

85

14.

Short-period comets come from the ____________ belt beyond Neptune

a)

Meteor

b)

Comet

c)

Kuiper

d)

Oort

15.

Comets do not have tails out in space. (When they are away from the sun)

a)

True

b)

False

16.

Comets are small, icy objects that have perfect circular orbits around the Sun.

a)

True

b)

False

17.

What year was Pluto discovered?

a)

1920

b)

1910

c)

1930

d)

1940

18.

_______________is the third largest and second brightest dwarf planet we have discovered so far.

a)

Dysnomia

b)

Haumea

c)

Makemake

d)

Ceres

19.

________________ is the largest known dwarf planet in the solar system

a)

Dysnomia

b)

Haumea

c)

Makemake

d)

Eris

20.

What is the name of Eris moon?

a)

Dysnomia

b)

Haumea

c)

Makemake

d)

Eris

21.

What year was Haumea made a dwarf planet?

a)

2004

b)

2005

c)

2006

d)

2008

22.

A giant cloud of dust and gas is called a ______________

a)

Nebula

b)

Nuclear fusion

c)

Cloud

d)

Solar system

23.

The cloud of dust and gas that formed the solar system is known as…

a)

the parent cloud

b)

the solar nebula

c)

the Earth nebula

d)

the planetary nebula

24.

The Sun produces its energy from…

a)

the fusion of helium to hydrogen.

b)

the fusion of cobalt to iron.

c)

the fission of hydrogen.

d)

none of these are correct

25.

The outer planets orbit the Sun in the opposite direction of the inner planets.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Which of these planets are not in the inner solar system?

a)

Neptune

b)

Mars

c)

Venus

d)

Earth

27.

New stars are still forming today.

a)

True

b)

False

28.

Rocks found on the Moon are older than rocks found on the Earth because the Moon is older than the Earth.

a)

True

b)

False

29.

Which of these planets are not in the outer solar system?

a)

Jupiter

b)

Saturn

c)

Uranus

d)

Mercury

30.

The asteroid belt lies between ____________ and _______________ .

a)

Mars, Jupiter

b)

Neptune, mars

c)

Venus, Earth

d)

Uranus, Venus

31.

What's the difference between comets and asteroids?

a)

Asteroids are made of metal and rock, while Comets are ice and rock

b)

Asteroids are made of ice and rock, while Comets are made of metals and rock

c)

There is no difference

d)

Asteroids are made of stardust, while Comets are made up of water

32.

How does the orbit of a comet compare to the orbit of a planet?

a)

Comets have a shorter rounder orbit than a planet

b)

Comets have a longer more oblong like orbit than a planet

c)

They have the same orbit

d)

Comets do not have an orbit, they are all random

33.

What's the difference between meteoroid, meteor, and meteorite?

a)

Meteoroids are sand size, meteors are streaks of light in the sky, and a meteorite is the meteors that has landed

b)

Meteoroids are huge, Meteors are the pieces that land, and Meteorites are shooting stars

c)

There are no differences

d)

Meteoroids are small, Meteors are another name for comets, and Meteorites are shooting stars

34.

What is the composition of most Comets?

a)

Rock, Ice, Salt, Carbon

b)

Rock, Ice, Magma, Frozen Gases

c)

Ice, Dust, Rock, Frozen Gases

d)

Ice, Dust, Rock, Soil

35.

Which is true of the dwarf planets?

a)

more massive than nearby objects

b)

never have moons

c)

orbit near the Sun

d)

spherically shaped

36.
Pluto is a dwarf planet that is part of the...
a)
Oort cloud
b)
Kuiper Belt
c)
Moon system of Neptune
37.
When was Pluto demoted to "Dwarf Planet"?
a)
2005
b)
2006
c)
2016
d)
1999
38.

The dwarf planet located in the asteroid belt is ___

a)

Ceres

b)

Eris

c)

Pluto

d)

Make make

39.

As the moon's shape appears to get smaller, we say that the moon is _.

a)

waning

b)

waxing

40.

When the moon appears to be getting larger

a)

wax

b)

wane

c)

new

41.

The cycle of the moon lasts about a _.

a)

month

b)

year

c)

week

42.
What moon phase is this picture?
a)
This is the full moon phase.
b)
This is the waxing gibbous moon phase.
c)
This is the waning gibbous moon phase.
d)
This is the first quarter moon phase.
43.
What moon phase is this picture?
a)
This is the waning crescent phase.
b)
This is the waxing gibbous phase.
c)
This is the waning gibbous phase.
d)
This is the new moon phase.
44.
What is this moon phase?
a)
This is the waxing crescent phase.
b)
This is the full moon phase.
c)
This is the waxing gibbous phase.
d)
This is the last quarter moon.
45.
What is this moon phase?
a)
This is the waxing gibbous moon phase.
b)
This is the last quarter moon phase.
c)
This is the first quarter moon phase.
d)
This is the new moon phase.  
46.
What moon phase is this picture?
a)
This is the full moon phase.  
b)
This is the waxing crescent moon phase.
c)
This is the waning gibbous moon phase.
d)
This is the waning crescent moon phase.
47.
What moon phase is this picture?
a)
This is the new moon phase.
b)
This is the waxing crescent moon phase.
c)
This is the waxing gibbous moon phase.
d)
This is the waning crescent moon phase.
48.
What moon phase is this image?
a)
This is the full moon phase.
b)
This is the last quarter moon phase.
c)
This is the waxing gibbous moon.
d)
This is the new moon phase.
49.
What phase of the moon is this image?
a)
This is the last quarter moon phase.
b)
This is the full moon phase.
c)
This is the first quarter moon phase.
d)
This is the waxing gibbous moon phase.
50.
What is the difference between a gibbous moon and a crescent moon?
a)
The gibbous shows more than half of the bright side of the moon.
b)
The crescent shows more than half of the bright side of the moon.
c)
The gibbous shows less than half of the bright side of the moon. 
51.
What part of the moon do we see from Earth?
a)
all of it
b)
the same side
c)
none of it
d)
only one quarter
52.
Phases of the moon in which the moon appears to be getting larger are referred to as _.
a)
waxing
b)
waning
c)
new
d)
eclipse
53.

Use of force to move an object; calculated as force multiplied by distance.

a)

pulley

b)

machine

c)

work

d)

power

54.

"The process of breaking rocks down into small pieces of rocks or fragments"

a)

Erosion

b)

Weathering

c)

Deposition

d)

Soil

55.

"Weathering that changes the materials that are part of a rock into new materials"

a)

Mechanical Weathering

b)

Weathering

c)

Chemical Weathering

d)

All Weathering

56.

"Weathering that includes physical processes that break rocks into smaller pieces"

a)

Mechanical Weathering

b)

Chemical Weathering

c)

All Weathering

d)

Weather

57.

Which is an example of mechanical weathering (multiple answers)

a)

Tree roots breaking up a sidewalk

b)

Rust on a bicycle left outside

c)

Oxygen combining with other molecules

d)

Ice freezing and breaking up rock

58.

What are the examples of chemical weathering? (multiple answers)

a)

Rust on a bicycle left outside

b)

Ice freezing and breaking up rock

c)

Oxygen combining with other molecules

d)

Tree roots breaking up a sidewalk

59.

All objects experience weathering at the same rate.

a)

True

b)

False

60.

Soil is composed of which of the following? (multiple answers)

a)

Rock

b)

Organic Matter

c)

Water

d)

Air

61.

All living or once living matter is considered organic matter.

a)

True

b)

False

62.
How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks?  The freezing water—
a)
keeps the rocks in place
b)
makes the rocks last longer
c)
expands cracks and breaks rocks
d)
causes rocks to fall in landslides
63.
What is mechanical weathering?
a)
Process through which rocks are physically broken into smaller pieces.
b)
Rocks are broken down through chemical changes.
c)
Rocks are worn away from acid in plant roots.
d)
Rocks broken down by machinery.
64.
During chemical weathering, what can happen to the type of rock that has undergone chemical weathering?
a)
a new rock is produced that is larger than the original rock
b)
a new rock is produced that is the same as the original rock
c)
a new rock is produced that is different from the original rock 
d)
no new rock is created - it is just smaller in size
65.
Which type of climate will have faster chemical weathering?
a)
Hot and Wet
b)
Cold and Dry
c)
Hot and Cold
d)
Cold and Wet
66.
Which of the following is an example of mechanical weathering?
a)
Acidic groundwater dissolving limestone
b)
frost wedging
c)
Paper being burned
d)
Acid rain
67.
What are the two factors that affect the rate at which weathering occurs?
a)
climate and mass of rock
b)
climate and size of rock
c)
type of rock and size of rock
d)
type of rock and climate
68.
Rust that forms on rocks or metal because of extended exposure to oxygen is what example of chemical weathering?
a)
carbon dioxide (carbonic acid)
b)
acid rain
c)
oxidation
d)
lichens
69.
Roots grow into rocks and break them apart. This is what example of what kind of physical weathering?
a)
ice wedging
b)
abrasion
c)
plant roots
d)
animals
70.
Substances that fill the spaces between soil particles are...
a)
water and air
b)
humus and weathered rock
c)
sand and clay
d)
moss and lichens
71.

How does erosion compare to physical weathering?

a)

Both break down materials.

b)

Erosion breaks down materials, and weathering carries them from place to place.

c)

Weathering breaks down materials, and erosion carries them from place to place.

d)

Both move materials from place to place.

72.
Process in which something is worn down by rubbing one object or surface against another
a)
exfoliation
b)
abrasion
c)
tumbling
d)
rotation
73.
The more surface area of a rock is exposed, the more chemical weathering can occur.
a)
True
b)
False
74.
Exposure to rain and oxygen causes the metal minerals in rocks to rust and fall apart.  This is an example of
a)
mechanical weathering.
b)
oxidation.
c)
erosion.
d)
a sinkhole.
75.
The organic material in soil is 
a)
humus.
b)
bedrock.
c)
fertilizer.
d)
feldspar.
76.
The process by which minerals in soil are removed or washed away is called
a)
carbonation.
b)
leaching.
c)
fertilizing.
d)
hydrolysis.
77.

Rain forest soils are

a)

thick and nutrient poor.

b)

thin and nutrient rich.

c)

thin and nutrient poor.

d)

thick and nutrient rich.

78.

Thicker soils form when there is a

a)

longer time for weathering

b)

steeper slope.

c)

drier climate

d)

colder climate.

79.

What type of soil is found in tropical rain forest?

a)

pedocal

b)

pedalfer

c)

laterite

d)

none of these

80.

The steeper the slope, the thicker a soil will be.

a)

True

b)

False

81.

Residual soils form in one place but have been transported to somewhere else.

a)

True

b)

False

82.

Soil is not permeable; water runs off soil into larger water bodies.

a)

True

b)

False

83.

If pieces of a rock flake off due to extreme temperature differences, it would be

a)

erosion

b)

physical weathering

c)

chemical weathering

d)

transportation

84.

Less fertile soil that forms in drier, grassland regions.

a)

Laterite

b)

Pedalfer

c)

Pedocal

d)

Humus

85.

Fertile, dark soil that forms in mid latitude, forested regions.

a)

Laterite

b)

Pedalfer

c)

Pedocal

d)

Humus

86.

Nutrient poor, red, tropical soil that forms in rainforest areas.

a)

Laterite

b)

Pedalfer

c)

Pedocal

d)

Humus

87.

Soil that forms from weathered components transported to a different area.

a)

Residual soil

b)

Transported soil

c)

Humus

d)

top soil

88.

Soil that forms from the bedrock upon which it lies.

a)

Residual soil

b)

Transported soil

c)

Humus

d)

top soil

89.

The partially decayed remains of plants and animals; forms the organic portion of soil.

a)

Residual soil

b)

Transported soil

c)

Humus

d)

top soil

90.

The top layer of Earth's surface containing weathered rocks and minerals and organic material.

a)

Soil

b)

Transported soil

c)

Humus

d)

None of the above

91.

Soil texture that forms from a roughly equal combination of sand, silt, and clay.

a)

Residual soil

b)

Transported soil

c)

Loam soil

d)

top soil

92.

Not organic; not involving life or living organisms. For example, the rock and mineral portion of the soil.

a)

Organic

b)

Permeable

c)

Loam

d)

Inorganic

93.

Mars has 4 moons.

a)

True

b)

False

94.

What gases make up the outer planets?

a)

Hydrogen and Helium

b)

Oxygen and Carbon

c)

Helium and Oxygen

d)

Nitrogen and Hydrogen

95.

What element is Mercury made mostly of?

a)

Iron

b)

Silver

c)

Aluminum

d)

Cobalt

96.

When Venus rises just before the Sun rises, the bright object is called the__________

a)

evening star

b)

morning star

c)

morning glow

d)

none of these

97.

Venus is most similar to Earth in size and_________________.

a)

density

b)

mass

c)

both of these

d)

neither of these

98.

Clouds on Venus are made mostly of ________________with a bit of sulfur dioxide.

a)

carbon dioxide

b)

Nitrogen dioxide

c)

Helium

d)

Hydrogen

99.

Venus has more ______________than any other planet in the solar system.

a)

plate boundaries

b)

volcanoes

c)

Mountains

d)

moons

100.

Mars is the ___________ planet from the Sun.

a)

2nd

b)

3rd

c)

4th

d)

5th

101.

What is the surface of Mars made of?

a)

CO2

b)

Lead oxide

c)

Iron Oxide

d)

Sulfur oxide

102.

What is the atmosphere of Mars made mostly of?

a)

Carbon Dioxide

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Hydrogen

d)

Sulfur Dioxide

103.

How many moons does Mars have?

a)

one

b)

two

c)

three

d)

four

104.

The surface of Mars has volcanoes and channels that were once filled with_____________.

a)

Lava

b)

Gas

c)

Water

d)

Lead

105.

Jupiter is the largest object in the solar system besides the Sun.

a)

True

b)

False

106.

It takes Jupiter about ____ Earth years to orbit once around the Sun.

a)

3

b)

6

c)

9

d)

12

107.

Jupiter is made mostly of ___________and __________

a)

carbon and oxygen

b)

Nitrogen and Fluorine

c)

Hydrogen and Helium

d)

Silicon and Chlorine

108.

The _______________ is an enormous, oval-shaped storm found south of Jupiter’s equator.

a)

Great Red Spot

b)

Great Blue Spot

c)

Great storm Spot

d)

none of the above

109.

How many moons does Jupiter have?

a)

20

b)

3

c)

63

d)

60

110.

Which of Jupiter's moon are Scientists most interested in?

a)

Europa

b)

Ganymede

c)

Callisto

d)

Galilean

111.

Saturn is the least dense planet in the solar system.

a)

True

b)

False

112.

Saturn’s rings are made of particles of ________ and ________

a)

Water and ice

b)

Hydrogen and helium

c)

Nitrogen and Helium

d)

Carbon dioxide and water

113.

Scientists are interested in Titan because its atmosphere is most similar to what Earth’s atmosphere now.

a)

True

b)

False

114.

Light from the Sun takes about ___ hours and ____ minutes to reach Uranus.

a)

2 hours and 40 minutes

b)

3 hours and 10 minutes

c)

4 hours and 10 minutes

d)

5 hours and 20 minutes

115.

How many moons does Uranus have?

a)

25

b)

26

c)

27

d)

29

116.

Uranus orbits the Sun once about every _____ Earth years

a)

80

b)

81

c)

83

d)

84

117.

Uranus mass is less than that of the Earth.

a)

True

b)

False

118.

Neptune can be seen from Earth without a telescope.

a)

True

b)

False

119.

How many moons does Neptune have?

a)

10

b)

11

c)

12

d)

13

120.

Triton orbits in the __________ direction to the orbit of Neptune.

a)

Opposite

b)

Parallel

c)

Same

d)

Horizontal

121.

Neptune is the __________ places in the solar system.

a)

warmest

b)

coldest

c)

wettest

d)

none of these

122.

The ORBIT of Neptune is faster than on any other planet in the solar system, reaching speeds of 1,100 km/h (700 mi/h), close to the speed of sound.

a)

True

b)

False

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