Effects on the group:

-mood turns to frustration and anger

-unassertive members won't deal directly with __________

-compulsive speech is attempted to deal with anxiety

-source of unresolved tension will have detrimental effects on cohesiveness

-when confronted it can be brutal and explosive with unanimous group support -> they sulk for the rest of the meeting

Therapeutic Considerations:

-poses threat to procedural underpinnings (members are encouraged to speak, but this member must be silenced)

-consider __________ and the group which has allowed itself to become __________ized.

-Therapist may inquire why group permits/encourages one member to carry the burden of meetings

-members can disclose and discuss reasons for inactivity (fears of assertiveness, etc.) -> once this occurs, an increase in commitment to the therapeutic process is evident

Therapeutic Considerations:

-Therapist does not want to silence __________; want to hear more process less content

-__________ sacrifices opportunity for therapy for an insatiable need for attention and control

-message must be that they are holding group at arm's length and are preventing others from realting meaningfully to them (leader issues an invitation to engage more fully)

-__________ is unaware of their interpersonal impact and the response of others (lack of capacity or inclination to empathize with others)

-Must help __________ be self-observant by encouraging group to provide them with continual, empathetic feedback about their impact on others and increase their receptivity to feedback

-It is far more effective to focus on the client's manifestation of self in group & on other members' response to their behavior

-must be confronted with the paradox that however much they may wish to be accepted by others, they persist in behavior that generates only irritation, rejection, and frustration

-must guide them into a self-reflective process as well as interpersonal difficulties in their lives

-must demonstrate to them the importance and relevance of examining their in-group behavior

Description:

-these members may be this way because of: dread of self-disclosure; they are conflicted about aggression; waiting to be activated (magical "rescue"); maintain distance or control; threatened by another member; fear of being regarded as weak, so they force group to attend to them

-some members may profit from vicarious engagement through identifying with active members with similar problems (though evidence indicates the more active & influential a member is in the group, the more likely they are to benefit)

-self-disclosure is essential to development of cohesion and is directly correlated to positive outcome

Effects on the group:

group will grow frustrated with coaxing blocked members -> client becomes more marginalized and less likely than ever to participate

Therapeutic Considerations:

-__________ is never __________; sample of client's way of relating to interpersonal world

-therapeutic task is to change the behavior and explore the meaning of it

-therapist may comment on nonverbal behavior; encourage other members to reflect on their own proclivity for __________; consistently underscore the value of pushing against fears

Therapeutic Considerations:

-Group leaders must work to encourage spontaneity

-our task is to allow client to let something out as opposed to putting something into the client

-therapist identify their hidden creative, vital, childlike parts and remove obstacles to free expression

-Group therapy can be helpfulin promoting emotional expressivenessthrough modeling, support, and experimentation opportunities

Description:

-Claim that they never have anything to say

-Massively inhibited, lacks spontaneity, never takes risks

-Avoids aggressiveness, masochistic

-May be alexithymic: expressive difficulty stemming from cognitive deficits in ability to identify and communicate feelings

-Many __________ clients are dependent; they dread rejection and abandonment so they are compulsively compliant

-Confuse healthy self-assertion with aggression

Description:

-requests help from the group by presenting problem and then rejects any help offered

-makes problems seem insurmountable and take pride in the insolubility of their problems

-self-centered; basis of relationships with others is that they are always in need of help

-the client's behavioral pattern is an attempt to resolve conflicted feelings about dependency (feels helpless, insignificant, dependent on others for self-worth; dependence is vastly confounded by pervasive distrust and enmity toward authority figures-the leader)

Effects on group:

-irritation, frustration, and confusion

-members experience sense of impotence and despair of making their own needs appreciated by group

-undermines cohesiveness

Therapeutic Considerations:

-these clients solicit advice not for potential value, but to spurn it (ultimately, therapist's advice will be rejected)

-therapist should attempt to mobilize major therapeutic factors in service of the client

-encourage interpersonal learning by focusing on feedback and process

-helping them see interpersonal impact on other members is key step in examining their characteristic relationship patterns

Description & Dynamics:

-fate of these clients depends on timing (when in the course of the group the illness occurs)

-in a mature group in which the __________ has occupied a central, valued role, group members are more likely to be effective

-The early phases of group: time of great flux and importance-> any event that consumes an inordinatne amount of time early on and diverts energy from tasks of developmental sequence is potentially destructive to the group

-Later in the course of group: since members have previously known and understood the now-psychotic member as a person, client is less likely to be viewed as strange and frightening

Therapeutic Considerations:

-If therapists revert to medical model, the client is frightened and other group infantilized (which is antitherapeutic)

-the danger to the group arises when __________ consumes massive amounts of energy for prolonged periods

-A manic member can be the single most disruptive problem for group: not a good candidate for internationally oriented treatment; there is evidence which supports use of specific, homogenous group interventions for __________ (psychoeducation)

A group that reaches an autonomous decision based on exploration of problems will employ all of its resources on a decision; a group that has the decision thrust upon them will resist it and be __________ effective in making valid decisions in the future.

Description:

-common problems in regulation of affect, interpersonal engagement, and sense of self

-lack internal soothing or comforting parental representations (withholding and abandonment)

-split the world into good/bad, pretty/ugly, black/white

-group therapy for these clients has prominent role in partial hospital settings

Description

A type of characterologically difficult client that:

-is emotionally blocked, isolated, distant

-cannot feel, love, play, cry

-are spectators of themselves; suffer deficit in key emotional and reflective capacities

Effect on the Group

-group is often keenly aware of discrepancies among words, experience, and emotional response of these clients

- the group's response is curiosity and puzzlement; eventually they grow weary and frustrated

Therapeutic Considerations

-therapist must work in the here-and-now, asking clients to differentiate among members

-ask them to observe body; they will experience affective autonomic equivalents and group may help them translate feelings into psychological meaning

-the goal is to develop new internalized experience of world of relationships

Therapeutic Considerations

-therapist must focus on nature of current forces that are influencing the way the client relates to others

-group offers containment, emotional support, and interpersonal learning while demanding personal accountability in environment that counters regression and unhealthy intensification of transference reactions

-Separation anxiety and abandonment issues play crucial role in dynamics of this client

Therapeutic Considerations

-Group may help by: 1) presence of therapist shields client from dysphoria occurring when individual therapist is unavailable 2) group becomes stable entity in client's life

-there is powerful reality testing through feedback and observations from members

-distortions, acting out, and expression of primitive needs and fears may be present, but the continuous reminders of reality in group keep these feelings muted

-cohesiveness is important to compact intimacy issues of __________ (holding environment, supportive refuge from stresses of life

Description

-Thin veneer of integration conceals primitive personality structure; understress, borderline clients are highly unstableDSM definition:pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, affects, and control over impulsesAvoid abandonment, unstable and intense interpersonal relationships,identity disturbance, impulsiveness, recurrent suicidal threats orbehavior, affective instability, emptiness, intense anger or lack ofcontrol of anger, and transient, stress-related paranoid ideation

Description

-many present with features of grandiosity, need for admiration from others, and lack of empathy

-shallow emotional life, deriving little enjoyment from life other than praise from others

-fragile self-esteem that can be easily diminished

-loving onselef to the exclusion of others, losing sight of fact that others are sentient beings and have egos which construct and experience a unique world

Therapeutic Considerations

General problems:

-judge the group's usefulness to them on basis of how many minutes of time they have obtained

-guard their "specialness" and object when there are similarities pointed out between them and other members

-belonging to a group can be a homogenizing and cheapening experience; brings to light their difficulties in relationships

-other members feel unsympathetic because they rarely see vulnerability and fragility beneath the grandiose

Therapeutic Considerations

-it is essential that a therapist maintain an empathetic connection to these clients and focus on their subjective world, especially when they feel diminished or hurt

-the group must assume the following stance toward the vulnerable client: that they take them seriously and respect their ability to take responsibility for their actions and to change their behavior (powerful affirmation, once the group ignores, patronizes, or mascots a _________, therapy will fail)

The major task for group therapists working with problem clients: therapeutic management of the highly __________ individual in the therapy group

Good group therapy begins with __________

(focus is on the heterogenous outpatient group with the ambitious goals of symptomatic relief and characterlogical change)

How effective is group therapy?

Group therapy is superior to individual therapy in the following cases:

The great majority of clinicians do not select for group therapy, instead they:

In practice, it is far easier to specify __________ than _________ criteria.

There is evidence that premature termination from group therapy is __________ for the client and _________ for the group.

__________ is where dropouts cause others to drop out

__________ of all cleints leave psychotherapy prematurely-even experts have dropouts-they are sometimes unavoidable

Clients who dropout prematurely from group therapy are likely to have one or more of these characteristics:

Clients who dropout prematurely from group therapy are likely to have one or more of these characteristics:

Clients who dropout prematurely from group therapy are likely to have one or more of these characteristics:

Clients who dropout prematurely from group therapy are likely to have one or more of these characteristics:

__________ are logistical reasons for termination (i.e. moving, job, etc)

__________ include reasons why it is difficult for them to expend energy for involvement in the group

Ex:

-a client's turmoil may cause disruption of their situation so that secondary __________ occurs

-a client may focues on an __________, magnifying it as a means of escaping anxiety originating from the group therapy

significanly different from the rest of the group in areas crucial to their group participation, most commonly described as having a lack of psychological mindedness and lack of interpersonal sensitivity

Which of the following reasons for dropout is described:

manifested in various ways

a) schizoid withdrawal

b) maladaptive self-disclosure

c) unrealistic demands for instant intimacy

Which of the following reasons for dropout is described:

clients with sever problems in this area present a particular challenge to the group therapist both in selection and in therapeutic management

-cleints with problems in this area represent a the same time specific indication and contraindication for group therapy

-individuals with severe character and narcissistic pathology and a pervasive dread of self-disclosure may be unfavorable candidates for interactional group therapy

Which of the following reasons for dropout is described:

-claims of being adversely affected by hearing the problems of other group members

-such concerns have many possible dynamics - many clients with borderline personality disorder report such problems

-it is not in itself a sufficient cause for failure

-occassionally, clients must gradually desensitize themselves

-unless it is extremely marked and clearly manifest in the pre-therapy screening procedure, it is not a useful index for selection or exclusion for a group

Which of the following reasons for dropout is described:

-inability to share the therapist

-complications of concurrent individual and group therapy

-early provacateurs

-problems in orientation to therapy

-complications arising from subgrouping

Resesarch on inclusion criteria suggests:

Members are satisfied with their group if:

Composition principles help leaders understand process within each group and tailor work according to diversity in which of the following dimensions:

Which of the following are true about the composition of group therapy?

Predictions of the group behavior of individuals with extreme, fixed, maladaptive interpersonal behavior are __________; the grosser the pathology, the greater the predictive accuracy

The most common method of screening clients:

on basis of data on environmentla stresses, personal history, inferences about motivation for treatment and ego strength, attempts to predict how the individual will behave in the group

The two general categories of assessment for personality traits and tendencies (diagnostic procedures)

Which group composition is most appropriate for the following scenario:

long-term intensive interactional group therapy

Which group composition is most appropriate for the following scenario:

if the therapist offers support for shared problem or help clients develop skills to obtain symptomatic relief over a brief period

Seek __________ in clients' conflict areas and patterns of coping and seek __________ in clients' degree of vulnerability and capacity to tolerate anxiety

and

seek __________ for gender, level of activity or passivity, thinking and feeling, and interpersonal difficulty and __________for intelligence, capacity to tolerate anxiety, and ability to give and receive feedback and engage in therapeutic process

(the first answer blank for both statements is the same, the second answer blank for both answers is the same)

For change to occur, a degree of __________ must exist between client and interpersonal culture of the group

This type of group composition:

jell more quickly, become more cohesive, offer more immediate support to members, are better attended, have less conflict, and provide more rapid symptom relief

This type of group composition:

have a tendency to remain at superficial levels because of psychological set of group leaders and restricted group culture that is fashioned and is less effective medium for altering character structure

This type of group composition:

-for long-term intensive groups based on __________ of conflict areas

-through working out relationships with other members, come to understand past, present, and future relationships with wider range of significant people

Which theory is described below:

because group is regarded as minature social universe in which members are urged to develop new methods of interpersonal interaction, group should be heterogenous in order to maximize learning opportunities

Which theory is described below:

-learning or change is likely to occur when individual, in a state of __________, acts to reduce discomfort, propelling individual to attempt to achieve more constant state

Ex:

-in a group where membership has desirable features but also makes tension-producing demands

-when interpersonal needs are unfulfilled or when one's customary style of interpersonal behavior produces discord

-clients should be exposed to other individuals in group who will not reinforce neurotic positions by fulfilling interperosnal needs but instead will frustrate and challenge them, makine client aware of different conflict areas and demonstrating alternative interpersonal modes

Which theory is described below:

attraction to group is intervening variable critical to outcome and the paramount aim should be to assemble a __________, compatible group

Tasks of group leaders include:

Planning decisions about which of the following determine the potential effectiveness of the prospective group?

Which of the following should leaders consider when assessing their resources?

Which group type is described below:

predetermined concluding date

Which group type is described below:

no predetermined concluding date

occur in settings such as treatment facilities that have groups scheduled on a year round basis

Which group type is described below:

commonly last from 30-40 sessions

Which group type is described below:

tend to emphasize group process and interpersonal learning

commonly unstructured

tend to have heterogenous memberships

Which of the following group types have low structure?

Which of the following group types are open to new members beyond initial stages?

Which of the following group types are heterogenous?

Which of the following group types are closed beyond the initial stages?

Which of the following group types are at least moderately structured?

Which of the following group types are homogenous?

In general, the literature recommends a range of __________ members for therapy groups.

In general, group meetings should last:

When announcing/recruiting for a group leaders should include information about which of the following:

refers to the composite of the choices leaders make about members to be included in their groups.

involves a series of individually focused decisions

Dies discusses six assessment tasks for member selection:

intrapersonal diagnosis

interpersonal diagnosis

motivational appraisal

and which of the following:

Couch (1995) identifies four basic steps for conducting the screening interview:

emphasizes that group composition decisions should involve balancing members across a number of interactional types

-This principle holds that there should be no fewer than two persons of any description. 

-Thus, there should be at least two members of any race, gender, ethnic origin, age-group, sexual preference, or religion.

Which of the following are essential operating guidelines for group therapy discussed during regroup preparation

Which of the following co-leader elements is described:

Ideally, coleaders will spend time discussing their experiences during a group session immediately after the conclusion of the session

Which of the following co-leader elements is described:

involves making a number of decisions before the group convenes for the first meeting and making decisions between sessions about the following session

Which of the following co-leader elements is described:

Some coleaders choose to obtain __________, while others choose to review videotapes of their sessions, obtain occasional consultation, or depend solely on post-session processing.

Member preparation can do which of the following:

Who authored the following group development stages:

Forming -> Storming -> Norming -> Performing -> Adjouring

Who authored the following group development stages:

Exploratory -> Transition -> Action -> Termination

Who authored the following group development stages:

Orientation -> Conflict -> Cohesiveness

Who authored the following group development stages:

Security -> Acceptance -> Responsibility -> Work -> Closing

Who authored the following group development stages:

Forming/Orientation -> Transition/Storming/Norming -> Performing/Working -> Mourning/Termination

Who authored the following group development stages:

Formation -> Orientation/Exploration -> Transition -> Working -> Consolidation/Termination -> Follow-up/Evaluation

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Group Member Tasks

-Creating trusting climate

-Expression of thoughts and feelings

-Being willing to make oneself known

-Involvement in the creation of group norms

-Establishing goals

-Learning group involvement

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Central themes:

inclusion/exclusion

trust/mistrust

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Characteristics:

Testing the atmosphere/dealing with apprehension

Reviewing member's goals

Specifying more clearly or reiterating group rules

Developing ground rules and setting norm

Promoting a productive interchange among members so they will want to continue

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Potential Problems (Members):

Passively waiting for something to happen

Failure to express experience of group

Keeping oneself vague and unknown

Entrenched in problem solving, advice-giving

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Leader functions:

Teaching group involvement

Developing ground rules/group norms

Assist members to express experiences/emotions, especially in the here-and-now

Clarifying division of responsibility

Assessing/meeting needs of the group

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Possible Problems (Leaders):

Opening the group

Structure

Involvement

Group cohesion

Hope

Risk taking

Closing the session

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Procedures:

Joining

Linking

Cutting Off

Modeling

Drawing Out

Clarifying the purpose of the group

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Characteristics:

Test the leader and other members

Struggle for control/power leading to conflict

Working through conflict and confrontation

Reluctant to be fully involved

Observe the leader

Learn how to express oneself

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Central Themes:

Acceptance/rejection

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Member Tasks:

Recognizing and expressing feelings/perceptions

Respect/explore struggles

Move from dependence to independence

Increased responsibility for group functioning

Face and deal with conflict

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Possible Problems:

Limit themselves to a self or group imposed label

Refusal to express negative reactions

Poorly handled confrontations

Scapegoating

Collusion leading to subgrouping

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Leader Functions:

Teaching importance of recognizing and expressing their perceptions and emotions

Facilitating/modeling effective approaches to dealing with conflict

Assist members to take responsibility for the group

Encourage members to remember what they want from the group and ask for it

Dealing directly and honestly with any challenges to you as a person or professional

Monitor your own reactions to members

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Member Tasks:

The major emphasis is productivity, whether the results are tangibly visible or not

Group members focus on improving themselves and/or achieving specific individual and group goals

Processes include:

Rounds

Experimenting

Homework

Incorporation

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Problems:

fear and resistance

challenges to leaders

lack of focus on achieving individual and group goals

Group collusion

Groupthink

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Leader Tasks:

Modeling by the leader

Exercises

Group observing group

Brainstorming

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Member Tasks:

Reflect on their past experiences

Process memories

Evaluate what was learned

Acknowledge ambivalent feelings

Engage in cognitive decision making

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Leader Tasks:

Reviewing and summarizing the group experience

Assessing member's growth, change, or achievement

Finishing business

Applying change to everyday life (implementing decisions)

Providing feedback

Handling good-byes

Planning for continued problem resolution

The following belongs to which stage of group development:

Leader Tasks:

Reviewing and summarizing the group experience

Assessing member's growth, change, or achievement

Finishing business

Applying change to everyday life (implementing decisions)

Providing feedback

Handling good-byes

Planning for continued problem resolution

The following are the personal characteristics that reflect developmental issues and interpersonal needs for group leaders (Levine, 1991):

Self-reliance and dependency needs

Comfort with authority

Acceptance needs

Comfort with others' emotional expression and the leader's own emotions

Comfort with intimacy and capacity for intimacy in the leader's own relationships

Comfort with separation

Group leader core characteristics:

Which leadership style is described below:

High control

High structure

Which leadership style is described below:

Moderate control

Moderate structure

Which leadership style is described below:

No/low control

No/low structure

Which model of co-leadership is described below:

one of the leaders is more dominant in that particular session

Which model of co-leadership is described below:

both leaders accept responsibility for each session; decisions made in the moment

-Most effective when leaders know each other and have had experience leading together

Which model of co-leadership is described below:

more experienced and less experienced leader; leader with more experience serves as a model

Are the following advantages or disadvantages of co-leadership over solo leadership?

Ease of handling the group in difficult situations

Uses of modeling

Feedback

Shared specialized knowledge

Pragmatic considerations

Are the following advantages or disadvantages of co-leadership over solo leadership?

Lack of coordinated efforts (leaders don't meet to process, leaders don't agree on purpose of group)

Too leader focused

Competition

Collusion (one of the leaders has an informal alliance with some of the members; members taking sides)

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

administrative tasks that allow the group to move forward

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

members need to reflect on their experiences; the leader must use processing skills to facilitate insight

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

all of the leaders interventions that help the members express their feelings, values, and personal attitudes

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

group therapists foster emotional engagement by assisting members to identify with each others affective experience

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

-group leaders must express a genuine concern for others

-being open and honest with members

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

allows members to work through concerns and try out new behaviors in a safe and supportive environment with a hope that it will carry over to their day to day environment

Which of the following leadership functions are described:

allows members to work through concerns and try out new behaviors in a safe and supportive environment with a hope that it will carry over to their day to day environment

Which term is described below:

predetermined concluding date

Which term is described below:

no predetermined concluding date

Which term is described below:

commonly last 30-40 sessions

emphasize group process and interpersonal learning

commonly unstructured

heterogenous membership

Which term is described below:

groups have members whose characteristics mirror the characteristics of the population of the community in which the group convenes

Which term is described below:

members share characteristics such as presenting concerns or demographic profiles

Which term is described below:

commonly last 20-30 weeks

may consider the addition of new members during initial stages (if unstructured)

Which term is described below:

feature a sequence of lessons or activities

have a great deal of difficulty accommodating new members

Which term is described below:

last 10-30 sessions

require homogenous membership

theme focused (meaning that a common characteristic of the group's members is the group's intervention objective)

Which term is described below:

last from 6 to 10 sessions

use specific learning activities and direct instruction to achieve group goals

Which term is described below:

emphasizes that group composition decisions should involve balancing members across a number of interactional types

(MacKenzie) - select members according to their role types (sociable, structural, and divergent)

Which term is described below:

there should be no fewer than two persons of any description

thus there should be at least two members of any race, gender, ethnic origin, age-group, sexual preference, or religion

Whose going to crush this 509 final?!