WorksheetsBiology End-of-Year Exam 2022-2023
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 36mins
Human heart cells require a constant release of energy to function continuously. Which structure would be numerous in such cells to meet this demand? (a)
Which statement describes ALL prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Ribosomes are present in the cytoplasm.
Materials are stored in vacuoles.
Chloroplasts are used for photosynthesis.
Cell walls provide shape and support.
Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, and many protists, can survive as one cell in their environment, while a cell from a multicellular organism (such as you skin or liver cell), could not survive without the other cells in your body.
Which term refers to why this is the case?
Cell specialization
Endosymbiosis
photosynthesis
None of the these
It is impossible to tell
Cell specialization
phagocytosis
cell lysis
Endosymbiosis
Which statement correctly describes cells produced through asexual reproduction?
They are genetically identical to their parents.
They do not grow and divide.
They do not contain genetic material.
They have a unique set of genetic instructions, unlike their parents.
Which process can be a source of genetic variation?
copying of chromosomes
binary fission
mitosis
crossing over
Which phase of mitosis is shown in the picture below?
metaphase
telophase
prophase
anaphase
Which statement describes the products of meiosis I and meiosis II?
Meiosis I produces two haploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces four diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces four haploid cells.
Meiosis I produces two diploid cells, and meiosis II produces two haploid cells.
Which statement correctly compares the roles of different types of organic molecules in the body?
Carbohydrates provide insulation for the body, while nucleic acids provide long-term energy storage.
Nucleic acids provide support and structure for the body, while carbohydrates provide insulation.
Lipids provide long-term energy storage for the body, while carbohydrates provide quickly available energy.
Proteins provide cushioning for organs, while lipids carry the body’s genetic information.
A runner needs a quick boost of energy while running a marathon. Which snack is the BEST option?
A hard-boiled egg, because it is rich in amino acids.
A hamburger, because fats store long-term energy.
An apple, because it contains fructose, a monosaccharide.
A piece of cheese, because proteins speed up chemical reactions.
Which statement is true regarding cell size?
The surface area to volume ratio of very large cells makes it inefficient to move nutrients in, and waste out of them
Large cells are much more likely to become cancer
Large organisms, like whales, have proportionately larger cells than smaller organisms, like humans.
All of these choices are true
Which number, from the image above, represents the fatty acid tails of phospholipids?
1
2
3
None of these
Which process is an example of facilitated diffusion?
The cell membrane wraps around a large molecule and forms a vesicle that takes the molecule into the cytoplasm.
A protein embedded in the cell membrane allows a specific type of protein to move to a region of lower concentration.
Waste materials from cellular processes are moved to a region of higher concentration outside the cell.
A carrier protein moves water across the cell membrane against the concentration gradient.
Which type of cellular transport requires a cell to use energy?
facilitated transport
active transport
diffusion
osmosis
Which way does exocytosis differ from the pumping of calcium ions against a concentration gradient?
Exocytosis is a form of passive transport.
Exocytosis does not involve a carrier protein.
Exocytosis occurs with the concentration gradient.
Exocytosis requires an expenditure of energy by the cell.
Which of the following is true of the solution below?
Water will move out of the cell, and the cell will decrease in size.
Water will move out of the cell, and the cell will increase in size.
Water will move into the cell, and the cell will increase in size.
Water will move into the cell, and the cell will decrease in size.
Which substance is a product of cellular respiration?
ADP
glucose
oxygen
ATP
Which is the correct sequence of events in cellular respiration?
electron transport -> Krebs cycle -> glycolysis
glycolysis -> Krebs cycle -> electron transport
Krebs cycle -> electron transport-> glycolysis
Krebs cycle -> glycolysis -> electron transport
Students wanted to compare the rate of oxygen production in flowers that were watered daily to the rate of oxygen production in flowers that were not watered. Which question were these students most LIKELY investigating?
Do flowers carry out photosynthesis?
Does the amount of water a plant receives affect cellular respiration?
Is the rate of oxygen production in photosynthesis related to the amount of water a flower receives?
Do pea plants carry out cellular respiration?
Which of the following is a reactant in the chemical reaction of photosynthesis? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY!
CO₂
O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆
H₂O
Suppose that a strand of DNA has the following sequence of bases: AAG-TTC. What sequence of bases will the complementary strand of DNA have?
GGC-AAT
GGT-CCA
TTA-CCG
TTC-AAG
Which statement correctly distinguishes DNA from RNA?
DNA contains uracil and RNA does not.
DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not.
RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA does not.
RNA is arranged in a double helix and DNA is not.
Transcription creates an mRNA molecule using DNA as a template.
Where does this process occur in cells of eukaryotes?
in the nucleus
in the cytoplasm
in the ribosomes
in the Golgi apparatus
Which DNA sequence produces an mRNA strand with the sequence AGU-ACA?
CAG-TAC
GUA-CAG
TCA-TGT
UCA-UGU
What is a mutation?
a change in the genetic material of a cell
the specific sequence of bases in a molecule of DNA
the process by which a molecule of DNA makes a copy of itself
the perfect replication of a DNA molecule
Consider this DNA nucleotide sequence: ACG GTT CTA GAC
Which mutation will result in a frame shift?
substitution of T for the first A in the sequence
deletion of GTT from the sequence
insertion of C at the start of the sequence
substitution of ATA for ACG in the sequence
Which event results in a change in the number of chromosomes in a cell?
crossing over
deletion
insertion
nondisjunction
Researchers studying rice plants are using radiation to cause random mutations. Which statement best describes the goal of the researchers?
to destroy viral diseases that affect rice plants
to create beneficial traits that can be passed on to offspring
to reduce the amount of fertilizer that the rice plants will need
to eliminate the rate of insect infestation among the rice plants
Which term best describes the combination of alleles shown?
homozygous dominant
heterozygous
homozygous recessive
recessive
Which combination of alleles represents the same phenotype but different genotypes?
Aa and AA
Aa and aa
AA and aa
Aa and Aa
Which statement summarizes the law of independent assortment?
A parent can pass on only one allele of each gene to any one offspring.
A recessive trait will only be expressed if two recessive alleles are present.
The chance of inheriting an allele is not affected by inheriting any other allele.
The probability of offspring inheriting either allele from a parent is 50 percent.
A red-flowered plant (RR) is crossed with a white-flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance.
What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?
25%
50%
75%
100%
The Punnett square below shows the genotypic results of a cross between two pea plants. R represents the dominant gene for round seeds, and r represents the recessive gene for wrinkled seeds.
Which phrase describes the parents’ genotypes for this trait.
both heterozygous
one homozygous recessive and one heterozygous
one homozygous dominant and one heterozygous
one homozygous recessive and one homozygous dominant
The Punnett square below shows the genotypic results of a cross between two pea plants. R represents the dominant gene for round seeds, and r represents the recessive gene for wrinkled seeds.
What is the ratio of phenotypes in the offspring?
1 round: 3 wrinkled
2 round: 2 wrinkled
3 round: 1 wrinkled
4 round: 0 wrinkled
The following Punnett square shows a cross between two organisms that are heterozygous for a particular fur color.
Based on this cross, what percentage of the offspring are likely to show the recessive phenotype?
0 %
25 %
50%
100%
Based on the information provided, what is the probability that these parents will produce an offspring who cannot taste PTC?
0 %
25 %
50%
100%
Which statement would BEST support an argument that sexual reproduction provides an advantage over asexual reproduction in a changing environment?
Sexual reproduction provides greater variation.
Sexual reproduction takes less energy and time.
Sexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring.
Sexual reproduction produces more offspring.
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction can produce many offspring quickly.
Asexual reproduction can help organisms that cannot move around to reproduce.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring that are genetically identical.
Asexual reproduction generally produces less diversity in offspring.
Which of the following statements does not describe an advantage of meiosis?
Variation is aided by crossing over which occurs during meiosis.
Meiosis ensures daughter cells receive one of each kind of gene and half the chromosome number.
Meiosis occurs often because it allows growth and repair of body tissues in multicellular organisms.
Independent assortment provides a huge number of possible genetic combinations in daughter cells.
When offspring produced by sexual reproduction move into different environments, new species sometimes emerge over time.
Which characteristic of sexual reproduction allows this result to occur?
number of offspring produced
speed with which offspring are produced
size of the offspring produced
diversity of the offspring produced
The illustration below shows the external features of a prokaryotic organism. Which of the following can be concluded about the internal cellular contents of this prokaryote?
The cell does not contain ribosomes.
The cell does not contain a nucleus.
The cell contains mitochondria.
The cell contains a vacuole.
A student looks at a cell under a microscope. Which of the following observations would indicate that the cell is from a plant rather than an animal?
a nucleus located inside of the cell
numerous cilia on the outside of the cell
chloroplasts in the cytoplasm of the cell
a thin membrane around the edge of the cell
3
4
5
6
The diagram below shows a phylogenetic tree of 9 species.
Which living species are most closely related?
species ID09 & ID01
species ID06 & ID07
species IDO9 & ID02
species ID03 & ID08
What are the names of the three domains of life?
Animalia, Eukarya, and Bacteria
Plantae, Animalia, and Protista
Eukarya, Archaea, and Bacteria
Protista, Bacteria, and Animalia
Which feature is common to both living cells AND viruses?
capsid
cytoplasm
nucleic acid
ribosome
A student researched the similarities and differences between viruses and organisms. Which statement BEST supports the argument that viruses share some similarities with living things?
They both get energy from their environment.
They both contain proteins and nucleic acids.
They both reproduce on their own.
They both have a shell called a capsid.
Students carried out an investigation related to population size. They grew a population of bacteria in a flask with a set amount of nutrients. The graph shows the general trends in the data they recorded. Analyze the graph. To which of these factors does the value of X on the graph correspond?
mass of nutrients provided
population density
carrying capacity
size of the flask
How do scientists account for the decrease in available energy from one trophic level to the next higher trophic level?
The energy is available to organisms at lower tropic levels.
The energy of the sun cannot be fully exploited by producers.
The energy is stored in molecules for decomposers.
The energy is used by organisms for life functions or is lost as heat.
In the food web, which organism can be considered a primary consumer?
grasses
carrots
birds
owls
Which list orders the levels of ecological organization from simplest to most complex?
biome, ecosystem, community, population, organism
community, ecosystem, biome, organism, population
organism, population, biome, ecosystem, community
organism, population, community, ecosystem, biome
Two closely related forms of the fruit fly Drosophila mate at different times of the day. One type mates only in the morning, while the other mates only in the afternoon. Which statement MOST likely describes the two forms of Drosophila?
They share the same gene pool.
They belong to the same species.
They make up two separate species.
They are part of populations in genetic equilibrium.
Suppose an earthquake changes the course of a river, splitting a population of field mice into two groups. Half the mice now live east of the river, and the other half live west of the river. After 500 years, the climate changes, and the river dries up. The two populations of mice mix together again but are not able to interbreed. Which term describes what has occurred?
equilibrium
migration
resistance
speciation
Which term describes parts of organisms that have a similar structure but a different function?
analogous structures
embryological structures
homologous structures
fossilized structures
Fossils of an animal called Ichthyostega show that it had lungs and legs. It also had gills and teeth and a tail similar to that of a fish. Ichthyostega is considered to be one of the first amphibians. Other fossils show that amphibians lost these fish-like features. How might scientists interpret the fossil of Ichthyostega?
It was an early type of primitive fish.
It was the last example of an amphibian with lungs.
It might be an animal that could live on land and in the water.
It might be a connection to birds that were also efficient swimmers.
Which of these lines of evidence would NOT be used by biologists to determine the relationship between two organisms?
bone structure
fossil age
embryology
population size
The diagram shows the corresponding limbs of a whale and a bat. These homologous structures provide evidence about how whales and bats evolved. Which statement about another pair of organisms is MOST similar to the evidence about whale and bat evolution?
Butterfly wings and bat wings both enable an animal to fly.
Carrots and sweet potatoes are both underground structures that store food for the plant.
Cats and horses are both animals that humans have domesticated.
The needles of pine trees and the spines of cacti are both structures that come from a common ancestor.
A single population of lizards living on an island in the Pacific Ocean becomes separated into two populations due to volcanic activity. Which statement describes the most likely outcome of this event after several generations?
One population will become extinct.
Different traits will appear in each population.
Each population will begin to breed at a different time.
The two populations will maintain the same genotypes.
Populations of a European salamander, Proteus anguinus, live in underground caves that have a limited food supply. One of the salamander’s adaptations is the ability to significantly reduce its rate of metabolism when food is scarce. Which of the following statements best describes how the process of natural selection led to this adaptation?
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism grew more slowly than other salamanders.
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism were more likely to emigrate than other salamanders.
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism underwent more rapid mutation than other salamanders.
Salamanders with the ability to slow their metabolism were more likely to survive and reproduce than other salamanders.
One of the major elements of natural selection is that all species have genetic ____________.
digression
melanism
stability
variation
Which of these is required for natural selection?
All individuals of a population must be identical.
There must be a small number of individuals in a population.
There must be variation among members of a population.
A population of individuals must be forced out of their natural habitat.
Why do some strains of bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
The bacteria grow in habitats protected from antibiotics.
The bacteria develop a method of surviving without energy.
Some bacteria that live in host organisms are not affected by antibiotics.
Some bacteria develop an adaptation that enables them to survive in the presence of antibiotics.
Many insects have become resistant to pesticides. In which population of insects would you MOST likely expect pesticide resistance to develop?
A population that reproduces quickly.
A population that reproduce very slowly.
A population that is never exposed to a pesticide.
A population that is completely killed off by a pesticide.
What is the independent (manipulated) variable in this experiment?
The growth rate of the tomato plants
The type of soil being used
The caffeine
The plants that got exposed to caffeine
Which of the following is an example of a constant (controlled variable) in this experiment?
The type of soil
The amount of sunlight
The number of plants in each group
The amount of water used
All of these are constants
What does the data suggest about the effect of caffeine on tomato plant growth?
A. Caffeine does not significantly affect plant growth in low doses
B. Caffeine increases the rate of plant growth
C. Above a certain concentration, caffeine is damaging/deadly to the plant
D. Caffeine stunts a plant's growth
Answers A and C
How could scientists increase their confidence that the results of this experiment are reliable?
Ignore the 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L
Repeat the experiment
Add another chemical into the test, like Taurine
Put one plant in the dark
What is one major flaw in this experiment?
Scientists should have given the plants more sunlight
It is backwards; the scientists should be testing the affect of plant growth on caffeine
There should be less than four plants in each condition
The experiment lacks a control group
