Font size
WorksheetsUnit 8 Review
Total questions: 70
Worksheet time: 6hrs 50mins
A planetary nebula is a
collection of comets orbiting a star.
large cloud of gas and dust around a star.
collection of dwarf planets orbiting a star.
A large number of stars orbiting a planet.
How did the bits of dust and gas that eventually formed the solar system behave while falling into orbit around each other?
They collided and went spiraling in opposite directions.
They expanded as they were pulled farther apart and eventually cooled.
They created new gases that caused them to cool after interacting with each other.
They ran into each other and stuck together due to gravitational and other forces.
Our solar system contains how many stars
Hundreds, thousands, or maybe even millions.
Eight.
None
One
How did the sun form?
A cloud of gas an dust floated in space
gravity pulled it closer together
The collisions between the hydrogen and helium atoms started producing enormous amounts of heat
A tiny bit of matter got turned into a lot of energy
A Star was born.
Why do scientists believe the inner solar system has terrestrial planets?
Metal compounds were more plentiful closer to the star's gravity
Gravitational forces attracted ice toward the center of the nebula.
Lighter planets form toward the center of a solar system similar to how a planet’s core forms.
The sun’s gravitational force attracts planets with less mass toward the solar system’s center.
Select all that apply
Which are true about the terrestrial planets?
They formed by the merging of planetesimals in the inner part of the main disk.
They are composed of elements that did not vaporize.
They formed by the merging of icy planetesimals near the outer part of the main disk.
They are rocky and dense.
The Terrestrial Planets
The Gas Giants
The Outer Planets
The Hallow Planets
Gravity from the Gas Giants
Nothing, the lighter elements stayed
Gravity from the Sun
Stellar wind from the Sun
The Terrestrial Planets
The Gas Giants
The Inner Planets
The Rocky Planets
Where in our solar system would you expect to find a planet that is mostly made of gas?
very close to the sun
outside of the sun's gravitational pull
very far from the sun
very close to other planets
The percent of radioactive parent isotopes remaining in the rock is compared to the amount of stable daughter isotopes that are present
it compares the radioactive isotope in a younger layer of rock to an older layer
isotopes of different compounds are compared
daughter isotopes are compared to sister isotopes
The element that is the product of radioactive decay is known as the...
daughter element
half-life
parent element
carbon-14
The original element that undergoes radioactive decay is known as the...
daughter element
half-life
parent element
radioactive decay
The diagram shows 32 atoms
8 of the Red are parent isotopes
24 of the Green are daughter isotopes
How many half-lives have occurred?
0
1
2
3
A sample of wood that originally contained 100 grams of carbon-14 now contains only 12.5 grams of carbon-14. If the half life of Carbon-14 is 5700 years, approximately how many years ago was this sample part of a living tree?
2,850 years
5,700 years
11,400 years
17,100 years
The amount of time it takes for some of the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
The amount of time it takes for half the electrons in a sample of the isotope to decay
The amount of time it takes for half the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
the amount of time it takes to double the nuclei in a sample of the isotope to decay
How many half-lives have passed if there 6.25% parent isotope left?
1 half-life
2 half-lives
3 half-lives
4 half-lives
Match the following radioactive isotopes to the time-frames they can be used to accurately measure.
Carbon-14
Accurate up to 50,000 years
Uranium-234
Accurate up to 500,000 years
Uranium-235
Accurate up to 3-4 billion years
Potassium-40
Accurate beyond 4 billion years
Which radioactive isotope should be utilized to date a mummy?
Carbon-14
Nitrogen-14
Potassium-40
Uranium-238
Which of the following reasons explains why scientists cannot use Carbon-14 to date the bones in this dinosaur fossil?
Carbon-14 has a short half-life so it is only useful to date recent things.
Dinosaur bones do not contain carbon or carbon-14
Dinosaurs were not radioactive because they never invented nuclear power plants
Scientists have not yet calculated the half-life of carbon-14
Which of the following types of rock sample is useful for finding out when planets first formed in the solar system?
Chondrite Meteorites
Martian Meteorites
Moon Samples
Jack-Hills Zircons
Which of the following types of rock sample is useful for finding out when a planet other than earth had cooled enough to form solid rock?
Chondrite Meteorites
Martian Meteorites
Comet Deuterium
Jack-Hills Zircons
Which of the following did the Jack-Hill's Zircons help us more accurately estimate?
How old the sun is
How long ago earth's tectonic forces started to act
How old earth is
How long ago earth was cool enough for liquid water to pool
How did the Rosetta mission help us find out where earth's water came from?
The Rosetta mission measured the percentage of rock and water on comets so that we could compare it with earth's
The Rosetta mission brought comet water back so that we could make sure it was the same color as water on earth
The Rosetta mission measured the age of water in comets so we could see if it was older than earth
The Rosetta mission measured the types of hydrogen in comet water so that we could compare it to earth water
Zircons can form in wet conditions or in dry conditions. How do we know the Jack-Hill's Zircons came from wet conditions?
All Zircons contain oxygen and the amount tells you if they were wet or hot formed. The Jack-Hills zircons had too much oxygen to be formed in hot conditions.
All Zircons contain hydrogen and the type tells you if they were wet or hot formed. The Jack-Hills zircons had the heavier form of hydrogen known as deuterium which only exists in hot conditions.
All Zircons are found in rocks and the types of rocks the Jack-Hills Zircons were found in are formed in hot conditions
The Zircons found in Jack-Hills were smooth and rounded, a shape that only happens due to erosion by liquid water.
If the Jack-Hills Zircons formed in wet conditions which of the following must also be true?
Earth was cool enough for water to pool before the zircons were formed.
Earth cooled down enough for water to form after the zircons were formed.
The Zircons actually came from Mars which got cool long before earth.
The Zircons are fake.
Place the following events in order from first on the left to last on the right.
The Sun formed
Rocks in the planetary nebula began accretion
Water arrived on Earth through collisions with other objects in space
Earth finished cooling down.
Scientists used to believe that Earth took much longer than Mars or the Moon to cool down and form solid rock. Why did scientists change their mind?
New evidence was uncovered suggesting liquid water much earlier than was thought possible.
Someone wrote a wonderful C.E.R. showing them that they were wrong.
They got tired of remembering a different date for different planets cooling down.
The types of hydrogen found in water ice on comets did not match the hydrogen type found in Earth's water.
accretion
contraction
explosion
rotation
6,000 years old
460 million years old
4.6 billion years old
46 billion years old
This is an example of...
A Fission Reaction
A Fusion Reaction
Wave Particle Duality
Radioactive Decay
Which of the following are Pros of using Nuclear Fission as a power source?
Does not produce greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
Produces 10,000 times more energy than coal per kilogram of fuel
Expensive upfront build costs
One of the safest energy sources
Does not produce nuclear waste
Which reaction represents fusion?
Which reaction represents fission?
Which of the following are Cons of using Nuclear Fission as a power source?
Hazardous nuclear waste that needs to be disposed
Abundant fuel source
Expensive upfront build costs
One of the safest energy sources
Limited fuel supply
Which of the following are Cons of using Nuclear Fusion as a power source?
Requires extreme temperature and pressure conditions
Abundant fuel source
Expensive upfront build costs
One of the safest energy sources
Produces 1,000,000 times more energy than coal per kilogram of fuel
Which of the following are Pros of using Nuclear Fusion as a power source?
Requires extreme temperature and pressure conditions
Abundant fuel source
Does not produce greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming
One of the safest energy sources
Produces 1,000,000 times more energy than coal per kilogram of fuel
Early in a star's life, which of the following describes the Fusion that happens within a star
Hydrogen is converted into Helium
Protons are converted into Electrons
Gas is converted into Dust
White Dwarves are converted into Red Giants
What is the heaviest chemical element that can be formed in the nuclear fusion of a star?
Silicon
Uranium
Iron
Astatine
The rest of the elements on the periodic table (after iron) are cooked together in the massive star explosion called a ___________.
supernova
Plate Tectonics
Electromagnetic Induction
The big bang
The analysis of the way matter emits and absorbs radiation is called (a) .
A scientist has a sample of an unknown gas. To identify it, she observes which wavelengths of light are absorbed by it. Below is the absorption spectra for the unknown gas. Which element is the unknown gas? (a)
A scientist has a sample of an unknown gas. In order to identify the gas, he looks at the spectrum of visible light emitted from it when it is heated. This is shown in the figure. Which of the elements is the gas?
A scientist has a sample of an unknown gas. In order to identify the gas, she looks at the spectrum of visible light emitted from it when it is heated. This is shown in the figure. Which of the three elements is the unknown gas? (a)
Which section of the spectrum is the ONLY one we can see? (a)
Which of the following provides the best explanation for why some stars have heavier materials than others?
Older stars have been fusing elements longer and have run low on hydrogen so have been fusing heavier elements
Older stars have been working longer and have earned enough money to have nice things
Younger stars have more potential energy stored so they can have heavier materials
Younger stars are stronger so they can carry heavier materials
Which spectrum is produced when a cool thin gas, such as a planet's atmosphere, is illuminated and then glows? (a)
Use the image of the absorption spectrum in a star's outer atmosphere to determine which element or elements are present in its atmosphere? Mark all that apply
Hydrogen
Helium
Carbon
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Identify the elements in the unknown mixture. Mark all that are present.
A
B
C
D
The incomplete rainbows of light made by heating up a low density gas are called (a)
Place the following items in order for the life cycle of a high mass star
Protostar
Main Sequence Star
Red Super Giant
Supernova
Neutron Star or Black Hole
an enormous cloud of dust and gas occupying the space between stars and acting as a nursery for new stars.
nebula
main sequence star
mass
luminosity
contracting mass of gas which represents an early stage in the formation of a star, before nucleosynthesis has begun
supervona
black hole
protostar
gravity
What does a star's life expectancy depend on?
mass of the star
elements in the star
color of the star
What will our sun become 4 to 6 billion years from now?
planetary nebula
white dwarf
red giant
black hole
A star is born when:
nuclear fusion starts
a nebula becomes a protostar
gases in a nebula condense
hydrogen is used up in fusion processes
After a supernova, the core can collapse into a neutron star, or if massive enough it can become a:
Black Hole
White Dwarf
Red Supergiant
Black Dwarf
Which stage of a star's life is our sun currently in?
A Red Giant
A White Dwarf
A Protostar
A main sequence star
Which of the following is the best answer to the question "Will our sun become a black hole?"
Our sun's mass just right to create a black hole. As a high mass star it will explode in a supernova and then a collapse into a black hole
Our sun's mass is too high to create a black hole. As a high mass star it will explode in a supernova and then a white dwarf
Our sun's mass is too low to create a black hole. As a medium mass star it will expand into a planetary nebula and then a white dwarf
Our sun's mass is too low to create a black hole. As a low mass star it will collapse into a blue dwarf and then further into a red dwarf
How old do we estimate our sun is currently?
a little less than 4 billion years old
13.7 billion years old
4.6 billion years old
It will be 15 next august.
Which elements are most abundant in the visible universe?
Helium and Carbon
Carbon and Oxygen
Hydrogen and Oxygen
Hydrogen and Helium
actually blue.
really far away.
invisible.
moving away from us.
The Cosmic Background Radiation is:
the remaining energy from the big bang.
incredibly hot.
visible to the human eye.
only located in certain places in the universe.
8.13 billion
13.7 billion
1.83 billion
381 million
Galaxy GS-9209 is estimated to have roughly 15% more hydrogen, nearly 10% less Helium, and less than 4% of the heavier materials when compared to our own. Which of the following pieces of reasoning explains how this is predicted by the big bang theory?
GS-9209 is a red-shifted galaxy. This means it is moving away from us very fast and it dropped all of its heavier materials.
GS-9209 is 12.5 billion light years away, so it is much older than our galaxy and has already used up its heavier fuel.
GS-9209 is a smaller galaxy than ours, so it won't be as heavy as ours.
GS-9209 is 12.5 billion light years away, so it is one of the first galaxies. Hydrogen should be more common the longer back in time you look.
When we examine the red shift of distant galaxies, we find that the ones that are further away are more redshifted than the ones that are closer. What explains this?
The further away galaxies are slowing down and loosing energy, that is why the light they produce is getting more red.
The further away galaxies are moving away slower. We know this because red light is slower than blue light.
The further away galaxies have more hydrogen which glows red. This proves that hydrogen is very common.
The further away galaxies are moving away faster. This can be used to prove that the universe is expanding.
Why is the Cosmic Background Radiation also known as the surface of last scattering?
Photons moving in the early universe were scattered by electrons making the universe opaque and glowing. When it cooled enough to form hydrogen that last light traveled out as the CMB.
The CMB is a giant cloud around the universe and is showing us the light from what is outside the visible universe.
The CMB appears to come from all directions because it is always being reflected.
Photons could always travel in a straight line until the universe cooled down. Now light from inside the visible universe bounces off the cloud of the CMB.
Which of the following are primary sources of evidence in support of the Big Bang Theory?
The idea that the universe is 13.7 billion years old.
The existence of the cosmic microwave background.
Hydrogen being the most common material in the universe
The red shift of the light from distant galaxies
A galaxy is found in the night sky. The hydrogen spectrum of this galaxy is shifted such that the red spike in the emission spectrum is at a wavelength 30 nm larger than the expected wavelength of 660 nm. How fast is that galaxy moving? (amount of normal wavelength)(amount of difference in observed wavelength)⋅300,000skm
13636.4 skm
30 skm
0.045 skm
1,350,000 skm
all of the galaxies are spreading out.
the universe must have started from a single point.
the universe is cooling down.
all of the above.
