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Post-Test: Environmental Science Summer School

Total questions: 135

Worksheet time: 5hrs 35mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
When land becomes more desertlike because of human activity or climate change.
a)
Erosion
b)
Desertification
c)
Salinization
d)
Compost
2.
Fresh water makes up what percent of the Earth's water?
a)
5%
b)
10%
c)
4%
d)
3%
3.
A watershed is an 
a)
area that drains into a stream or river
b)
section of land that juts into the ocean
c)
the shoreline of the ocean
d)
the end of a continent
4.
A group of students developed a model to represent the different zones of an ocean. Which factor prevents the growth of aquatic plants in the aphotic zone?
a)
absence of tides
b)
absence of sunlight
c)
underwater volcanoes
d)
salinity of water
5.
Energy can be classified into..
a)
Renewable and non renewable
b)
Natural and non renewable
c)
Renewable and Natural
d)
All of them
6.

A natural resource that is naturally formed much more slowly than we use it is called

a)

renewable

b)

nonrenewable

c)

sustainable

d)

ecological

7.

Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable natural resource?

a)

wind energy

b)

natural gas

c)

geothermal energy

d)

sunlight

8.

What is the term for organisms, including plants and algae, that create their own food?

a)

consumers

b)

producers

c)

legumes

d)

decomposers

9.
Which is NOT a process of the water cycle?
a)
precipitation
b)
freezing
c)
transpiration
d)
evaporation
10.

Level 1 on the pyramid

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Tertiary Consumer

11.
What is an herbivore?
a)
An organism that only eats plants for energy
b)
An organism that eats animals for energy
c)
An organism that eats both plants and animals for energy.
12.
What are "trophic levels"?
a)
Levels in a food web/food chain
b)
Levels of land in a mountain
c)
Animal diets
13.
Where do zebras fit into the food web?
a)
middle
b)
bottom
c)
top
d)
side
14.
Which of these keeps prey populations under control?
a)
apex predator
b)
zebra
c)
producer
d)
decomposer
15.
When a millipede breaks down dead and decaying material, it is acting as what?
a)
a decomposer
b)
an apex predator
c)
a producer
d)
prey
16.

Which animal was an extremely valuable resource for all Native American tribes?

a)

Deer

b)

Buffalo

c)

Rabbit

d)

Dogs

17.

What is the name of the first national park established in the United States?

a)

Yosemite

b)

Zion

c)

Yellowstone

d)

Glacier

18.
Which stages does liquid water from the ocean turn into water vapor?
a)
condesantion
b)
evaporation
c)
precipitation
d)
run off
19.
Which best explains why runoff is important?
a)
It returns water to other locations on Earth
b)
It increases the chance of flooding
c)
It makes evaporation occur faster
d)
It increases condensation
20.

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

a)

Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

b)

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

c)

Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

d)

Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

21.
Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable natural resource?
a)
wind energy
b)
sunlight
c)
natural gas
d)
geothermal energy
22.

The need for more cropland has led to the ______________________ of large wooded areas.

a)

Deforestation

b)

Conservation

c)

Rotation farming

d)

Tilling

23.

Finite

a)

Without limits

b)

Having limits

24.

What resource is finite?

a)

Wind

b)

Solar energy

c)

Coal

25.

Infrared radiation is associated with

a)

microwaves

b)

ultraviolet

c)

X-rays

d)

heat

26.

Which molecules interact with infrared radiation, warming Earth? Select all that apply.

a)

N

b)

O

c)

CO2

d)

CH4

27.

Which molecules to not interact with infrared radiation? Select all that apply.

a)

N

b)

O

c)

CO2

d)

CH4

28.

Sea surface temperatures have been

a)

Increasing

b)

Decreasing

c)

Staying the same

29.

Which pollutant is NOT typically found in the air surrounding CAFOs?

a)

Ammonia

b)

Hydrogen Sulfide

c)

Cinnamon

d)

Methane

30.

What is this a picture of?

a)

Something disgusting

b)

Pea soup?

c)

Harmful algal bloom (HAB)

31.

What nutrients are responsible for eutrophication in water? Select all that apply.

a)

Carbon

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Phosphorous

32.

Most energy in the United States comes from...

a)

Renewable sources

b)

Nonrenewable sources

33.

35% of electricity production in the US is from...

a)

Natural gas

b)

Coal

c)

Hydropower

d)

Solar

34.

This electricity source has very few CO2 emissions.

a)

Natural gas

b)

Coal

c)

Petroleum

d)

Nuclear

35.

Excess nitrogen and phosphorous in waterways can cause

a)

Eutrophication

b)

CAFOs

c)

Asthma

d)

I know we've talked about this...

36.
According to the population pyramid of this country, its population is most likely...
a)
growing slowly.
b)
growing rapidly.
c)
decreasing.
d)
not changing.
37.
In recent years, the human population has 
a)
increased exponentially
b)
decreased exponentially
c)
decreased slowly
d)
increased slowy
38.
What happens to the temperature if more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere?
a)
Temperature goes up
b)
Temperature goes down
39.
Invasive species have a negative impact on...
a)
the ecosystem
b)
the economy
c)
Both the ecosystem and the economy
d)
None of these
40.

What does WONC stand for?

a)

What's On the Nature Channel?

b)

Water Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon

c)

Water On New Compost

d)

I've never heard of this.

41.

The dog's name in The Biggest Little Farm was...

a)

Molly

b)

Greasy

c)

Emma

d)

Todd

42.

1.1 An individual living thing is a/an __________.

a)

habitat

b)

ecosystem

c)

organism

d)

population

43.

1.1 All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.

a)

community

b)

habitat

c)

population

d)

ecosystem

44.

1.1 In the mountain river ecosystem pictured above, what would be an abiotic factor?

a)

trees

b)

swans

c)

grasses

d)

water

45.

1.2-1.3 Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?

a)

tundra

b)

desert

c)

tropical rainforest

d)

pine forest

46.

1.10 Invasive species have a negative impact on...

a)

the ecosystem

b)

the economy

c)

Both the ecosystem and the economy

d)

None of these

47.

2.1-2.2 Process in which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment, survive and reproduce more successfully than those less well adapted (survival of the fittest)

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Artificial Selection

d)

Resistance

48.

2.3 Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is

a)

invasive species

b)

poaching and overharvesting

c)

pollution

d)

habitat change and loss

49.

2.4-2.5 Succession that occurs in an area with NO SOIL

a)

ecological succession

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

pioneer speciles

50.

2.4-2.5 The first organisms that appear in an ecological community

a)

ecological succession

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

pioneer speciles

51.

2.6-2.8 Biotic or abiotic things that control the size of a population

a)

Limiting factor

b)

density- dependent factor

c)

density- independent factot

d)

tolerance

52.

3.3-3.4 An organism that uses an outside source of energy like the sun to create energy-rich food molecules.

a)

Consumer

b)

Producer

c)

Decomposer

d)

Parasite

53.

3.3-3.4 An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.

a)

Consumer

b)

Producer

c)

Decomposer

d)

Detriov

54.

3.3-3.4 The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

100%

d)

1000%

55.

3.3-3.4 What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

sunlight

c)

water

d)

carbon

56.

3.3-3.4 What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?

a)

energy path

b)

food web

c)

trophic level

d)

food pyramid

57.

4.3 Pollutants are removed or changed chemically before they leave factory smokestacks by a(n)

a)

chlorofluorocarbon

b)

scrubber

c)

inversion

d)

catalytic converter

58.

5.2 Which type of mining is associated with disturbing more land?

a)

Surface mining

b)

Subsurface mining

c)

Ocean mining

d)

Placer mining

59.

5.5 Another word for farming

a)

agriculture

b)

technology

c)

specialization

d)

shrine

60.

5.5-5.8 The need for more cropland has led to the ______________________ of large wooded areas.

a)

Deforestation

b)

Conservation

c)

Rotation farming

d)

Tilling

61.

5.6-5.8 How can the planting of new trees help reduce climate change?

a)

Trees help create breezes.

b)

Trees release moisture that cools the atmosphere.

c)

Trees take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

d)

Trees block the release of greenhouse gases from soil.

62.

6.2 Fresh water makes up what percent of the Earth's water?

a)

5%

b)

10%

c)

4%

d)

3%

63.

6.3 An underground layer of rock or sediment that holds water

a)

watershed

b)

groundwater

c)

permeability

d)

aquifer

64.

6.3 The largest watershed in the United States is

a)

Mississippi River

b)

Delaware River

c)

Colorado River

d)

Cooper River

65.

6.4 What nutrients are responsible for eutrophication in water? Select all that apply.

a)

Carbon

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Phosphorous

66.

6.4 __________________ pollution is harder to control, because it can't be traced back to a single source

a)

point-source

b)

nonpoint-source

67.

6.5 It refers to the removal of salt from ocean water

a)

dam

b)

reservoir

c)

salination

d)

desalination

68.

7.1 Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable natural resource?

a)

wind energy

b)

sunlight

c)

natural gas

d)

geothermal energy

69.

7.1 Carbon-containing fuels, or fossil fuels, formed millions of years ago from the remains of

a)

gases in the atmosphere

b)

chlorofluorocarbons

c)

living organisms

d)

volcanic eruptions

70.

7.1-7.2 Energy can be classified into..

a)

Renewable and non renewable

b)

Natural and non renewable

c)

Renewable and Natural

d)

All of them

71.

7.2 A home is built with clear glass panels that allow sunlight to pass through. This is an example of

a)

Active solar

b)

Passive solar

c)

Parabolic collector

d)

Photovoltaic Cells

72.

7.3-7.4 Which human activity contributes the most carbon dioxide to the atmosphere?

a)

fishing

b)

breathing

c)

burning fossil fuels

d)

farming

73.

7.4 The collection of materials that can be broken down and reprocessed to make new items is

a)

composting

b)

incinerating

c)

e-waste

d)

recycling

74.

8.2 During which period in human history were most of our modern environmental problems introduced?

a)

Hunter-gatherer

b)

Agricultural

c)

Industrial Revolution

d)

Biotechnology Era

75.

8.4-8.5 Genetic engineering relies on placing a gene that codes for a desired trait into the __________ of a different organism from the organism where the gene was originally harvested

a)

protein

b)

amino acid

c)

helix

d)

genome

76.

8.6-8.8 Sprawl increases carbon dioxide emissions by

a)

generating more factories.

b)

increasing the need to drive.

c)

resulting in more tree growth.

d)

expanding the use of public transportation.

77.

8.6-8.8 What term describes a social movement dedicated to protecting the natural world from undesirable changes brought about by human actions?

a)

the environment

b)

environmentalism

c)

ecological footprint

d)

environmental science

78.

9.1-9.3 Gases such as water vapor and carbon dioxide that trap heat near Earth are known as

a)

global gases.

b)

greenhouse gases.

c)

proxy gases.

d)

offset gases.

79.

9.1-9.3 What is the definition of "Greenhouse Effect?"

a)

Gases that increase Earth's temperature

b)

when the gases in Earth’s atmosphere trap heat from the Sun and keep the planet warm

c)

the pattern of weather that occurs over time

d)

When our climate changes

80.

9.1-9.3 Increase in which gas is primarily responsible for increased global warming?

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Water vapor

c)

Methane

d)

Nitric oxides

81.

9.2 What happens to the temperature if more greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere?

a)

Temperature goes up

b)

Temperature goes down

82.

1.1 An individual living thing is a/an __________.

a)

habitat

b)

ecosystem

c)

organism

d)

population

83.

1.1 All of the living and nonliving things in an area that interact with each other are called a/an ______.

a)

community

b)

habitat

c)

population

d)

ecosystem

84.

1.1 In the mountain river ecosystem pictured above, what would be an abiotic factor?

a)

trees

b)

swans

c)

grasses

d)

water

85.

1.2-1.3 Which biome, because of its climate, has the largest number of species of plants and animals?

a)

tundra

b)

desert

c)

tropical rainforest

d)

pine forest

86.

1.10 Invasive species have a negative impact on...

a)

the ecosystem

b)

the economy

c)

Both the ecosystem and the economy

d)

None of these

87.

2.1-2.2 Process in which individuals that have favorable variations and are better adapted to their environment, survive and reproduce more successfully than those less well adapted (survival of the fittest)

a)

Evolution

b)

Natural Selection

c)

Artificial Selection

d)

Resistance

88.

2.3 Globally, the leading cause of biodiversity loss is

a)

invasive species

b)

poaching and overharvesting

c)

pollution

d)

habitat change and loss

89.

2.4-2.5 Succession that occurs in an area with NO SOIL

a)

ecological succession

b)

primary succession

c)

secondary succession

d)

pioneer speciles

90.

2.6-2.8 Biotic or abiotic things that control the size of a population

a)

Limiting factor

b)

density- dependent factor

c)

density- independent factot

d)

tolerance

91.

3.3-3.4 An organism that uses an outside source of energy like the sun to create energy-rich food molecules.

a)

Consumer

b)

Producer

c)

Decomposer

d)

Parasite

92.

3.3-3.4 An organism that obtains energy by eating other organisms.

a)

Consumer

b)

Producer

c)

Decomposer

d)

Detriov

93.

3.3-3.4 The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly

a)

1%

b)

10%

c)

100%

d)

1000%

94.

3.3-3.4 What is the original source of almost all energy in most ecosystems?

a)

carbohydrates

b)

sunlight

c)

water

d)

carbon

95.

3.3-3.4 What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a biological community?

a)

energy path

b)

food web

c)

trophic level

d)

food pyramid

96.

5.6-5.8 How can the planting of new trees help reduce climate change?

a)

Trees help create breezes.

b)

Trees release moisture that cools the atmosphere.

c)

Trees take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

d)

Trees block the release of greenhouse gases from soil.

97.

6.4 What nutrients are responsible for eutrophication in water? Select all that apply.

a)

Carbon

b)

Nitrogen

c)

Oxygen

d)

Phosphorous

98.

7.1 Which of the following is an example of a nonrenewable natural resource?

a)

wind energy

b)

sunlight

c)

natural gas

d)

geothermal energy

99.

7.1 Carbon-containing fuels, or fossil fuels, formed millions of years ago from the remains of

a)

gases in the atmosphere

b)

chlorofluorocarbons

c)

living organisms

d)

volcanic eruptions

100.

7.1-7.2 Energy can be classified into..

a)

Renewable and non renewable

b)

Natural and non renewable

c)

Renewable and Natural

d)

All of them

101.
How does carbon in a grass plant get into a lion?
a)
The lion eats the grass
b)
Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion. 
c)
The carbon ends up in the food the lion eats. 
d)
The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant
102.
Photosynthesis
a)
absorbs CO2
b)
releases CO2
103.

Which of the following absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

a)

Plants

b)

The ocean

c)

Sedimentary rocks

d)

all of these

104.
What 2 things does a plant make during photosynthesis?
a)
oxygen, glucose
b)
glucose, carbon dioxide
c)
useable energy, glucose
d)
oxygen, carbon dioxide
105.

Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?

a)

cooking with gas

b)

planting trees

c)

burning wood

d)

riding in a bus

106.

A _______________ is any process or activity through which an element is released into the atmosphere.

a)

Sink

b)

Source

c)

Bucket

d)

Location

107.

A ____________ is a reservoir that takes up a chemical element and stores it for a long period of time.

a)

Sink

b)

Source

c)

Bucket

d)

Location

108.

What is a greenhouse gas?

a)

A gas that helps plants grow

b)

Any gas in the atmosphere

c)

A gas that absorbs solar radiation allowing the Earth to stay at a livable temperature

d)

A gas that can only be harmful and poisonous

109.

How is the ocean involved in the carbon cycle?

a)

Aquatic plants absorb CO2 to perform photosynthesis

b)

The surface of the ocean absorbs and dissolves CO2

c)

Certain aquatic plants take in carbon to make their shells

d)

The ocean releases carbon that was stored in the remains of dead organisms

e)

All of the options are correct

110.

What types of organisms need carbon to survive?

a)

Insects

b)

Plants

c)

Mamals

d)

All types of organisms

111.

How does a cow transfer carbon to other parts of the environment?

a)

It releases CO2 through respiration

b)

It releases carbon as waste

c)

it transfers carbon to humans when we eat it

d)

all of the answers are correct

112.

Energy flows through an ecosystem and is transferred as ____________, but chemical elements are ____________.

a)

light, heat

b)

heat, lost

c)

light, gained

d)

heat, recycled

113.

Which of the following is NOT a SOLID form of carbon in the carbon cycle?

a)

Diamond

b)

Plants

c)

Coal

d)

Carbon Dioxide

114.

Choose the correct process described: Acid rain dissolves minerals trapped in rocks and washes them to surface waters

a)

Burial and subduction

b)

Weathering and erosion

c)

Diffusion

d)

Respiration

115.

Choose the correct process described: A chemical combination of a carbon based fuel with oxygen that produces heat or light and releases CO2

a)

Photosynthesis

b)

Burial and subduction

c)

Respiration

d)

Combustion

116.

Choose the correct process described: Plants and animals break down sugars and metabolize them into CO2 , water and ATP for energy

a)

Respiration

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Combustion

d)

Volcanic eruptions

117.

Which gas makes up 78% of our atmosphere?

a)

Oxygen

b)

CO2

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Water vapor

118.

Which nitrogen cycle process breaks down atmospheric nitrogen (N2) and combines it with hydrogen or oxygen using bacteria or lightning strikes

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Nitrification

d)

Dentrification

119.

After living organisms use nitrogen, decomposer bacteria convert it back to ammonia for plants to use through this process

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Nitrification

d)

Dentrification

120.

This process converts ammonia into nitrites and nitrates for plants to use

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Nitrification

d)

Dentrification

121.

Nitrogen compounds are converted back into atmospheric N2 by bacteria and burning of fossil fuels through this process

a)

Nitrogen fixation

b)

Ammonification

c)

Nitrification

d)

Dentrification

122.
What is the process of water droplets or ice crystals falling from the sky?
a)
evaporating
b)
condensing
c)
precipitating
d)
runoff
123.
Where is most water found on Earth?
a)
glaciers
b)
lakes
c)
rivers
d)
oceans
124.
What is nitrogen fixation?
a)
A process used by plants and other organisms to convert light energy, normally from the sun, into chemical energy that can be later released to fuel the organisms activities.
b)
A process in which nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonia
c)
A process in which bacteria breakdown nitrates in the soil and nitrogen is released into the atmosphere
d)
The conversion of light energy, water and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. 
125.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
a)
condensation
b)
evaporation
c)
sublimation
d)
transpiration
126.
Organisms that relies on other organisms for food; consumer
a)
herbivore
b)
decomposer
c)
heterotroph
d)
autotroph
127.
Nitrogen fixation is carried out primarily by
a)
humans
b)
plants
c)
bacteria
d)
consumers
128.
Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes EXCEPT
a)
photosynthesis
b)
transpiration
c)
burning of fossil fuels
d)
decomposition of plants and animals
129.
Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are called _____.
a)
decomposer
b)
autotroph 
c)
consumer
d)
heterotroph 
130.
How do most primary producers make their own food?
a)
by using light energy to make carbohydrates
b)
by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates
c)
by changing water into carbon dioxide
d)
by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide
131.
What may happen if the snowshoe hare was removed from the food web pictured?
a)
The insects in the habitat would increase.
b)
The shrew population would decrease due to being only hawk food source.
c)
The willow tree population would decrease.
d)
Foxes would dies due to no food source. 
132.
How does the carbon in grass become part of a lion?
a)
The lion eats the grass
b)
Carbon from grass doesn't end up in a lion. 
c)
The carbon ends up in the lion's food chain. 
d)
The lion breathes in carbon given out by the plant
133.
In what process is Carbon transformed into chemical energy?
a)
Photosynthesis
b)
Respiration
c)
Primary Production
d)
Secondary Production
134.
What would happen to the carbon dioxide levels on Earth if all photosynthetic organisms suddenly died?
a)
There would be an increase in the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide
b)
There would be a decrease in the atmospheric levels of carbon dioxide
135.
If the process of evaporation was unable to occur on Earth, what would we expect to happen?
a)
An increase in ocean levels and an increase in precipitation
b)
An increase in ocean levels and an decrease in precipitation
c)
An decrease in ocean levels and an increase in precipitation
d)
An decrease in ocean levels and an decrease in precipitation