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WorksheetsOptional Living Environment Regents Prep
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 1hrs 3mins
Methods A and B are classified as methods of passive transport because they do not require
ATP
light
carbon dioxide
DNA
A student lifted weights after school and found that his muscles started to burn. He couldn’t continue to lift the weights after prolonged exercising. This muscle fatigue is most likely due to
the heart beating too fast and tiring out
the lungs accumulating oxygen
lack of oxygen and build up of waste in the muscles
lack of carbon dioxide in the muscles
Identify substance A
water
oxygen
carbon dioxide
ATP
Identify one likely substance in the environment of the cell that caused this response.
water
carbon dioxide
oxygen
salt
Which tree diagram shows the most probable evolutionary relationship between the three species?
1
2
A finch that picks small insects out from cracks in the bark of trees would most likely have a beak that is
sharp and thin
rounded and thin
sharp and thick
rounded and thick
A finch that picks small insects out from cracks in the bark of trees would most likely have a beak that is
sharp and thin
rounded and thin
sharp and thick
rounded and thick
Which statement is a basic assumption from The Beaks of Finches lab?
The type of beak indicates the type of food the finch eats.
Different birds have different songs.
Birds with larger beaks can find mates more easily.
Nesting behavior of finches is an inherited trait.
The process shown in the diagram is
cellular respiration
gene recombination
cellular reorganization
protein synthesis
Structure X is a
mitochondrion
nucleus
vacuole
ribosome
The first species of finch to inhabit the Galapagos Islands thousands of years ago was most likely an insect eater. Today, finch species on these islands feed on a great variety of plants and animals. One early event that probably occurred that led to this feeding diversity was that
members of the ancestral finch species had to decide if they would be better off feeding on seeds rather than on relatively scarce insect species
some of the finch ancestors were born with beaks that were different from the beaks of other finches, and could eat both insects and seeds
some members of the ancestral species that fed on insects began to die off, leaving few offspring
another species of bird, a seed eater, arrived on the islands and began to breed with members of the ancestral species
Based on the information in the chart, which statement is correct?
Finches that eat animals always have larger beaks than finches that eat plants.
Finches that eat plants all have very large beaks.
Finches with crushing bills eat only animals for food.
Finches with grasping bills usually eat animals for food.
Which trial from the chart above provides the best data to support his claim?
1
2
A student wished to determine the evolutionary relationships between three unidentified plant species (X, Y, and Z) and a known species Botana curus. Using an indicator powder to test for the presence of a specific chemical, the student made the observations shown in the data table below. In the space provided in the data table, write an observation the student would expect to make if species Y were more closely related to Botana curus than it was to species X and Z.
produced a lot of bubbles / fizzed
no reaction
inconclusive
Which statement is best supported by the diagram?
Oxygen molecules entered the cell over time by active transport.
Water molecules are too large to enter or leave the cell, so they remained where they were at the start of the investigation.
Protein molecules are kept inside of the cell because the cell needs them.
The protein molecules are too large to diffuse out of the cell.
Recently, researchers from Stanford University have changed mouse skin cells into mouse nerve cells. This was accomplished by inserting genes that control the synthesis of certain proteins into the skin cells. This type of research is often successful in advancing knowledge regarding the functioning of human cells because
cells present in humans often function in similar ways to cells present in other organisms
cells from different types of organisms function differently when transplanted into humans
the cells in all complex organisms contain the same genes and function in similar ways
cellular research using mice can always be applied to human cells since all complex organisms produce the same proteins
In the experimental setup below, which substance would be used to prove that the gas produced by the yeast in the vacuum bottle could change the pH of the liquid in the flask?
an indicator
a chemical messenger
an enzyme
a salt solution
Which statement best expresses a basic scientific assumption?
Interpretation of experimental results has provided explanations for all natural phenomena.
If a conclusion is valid, similar investigations by other scientists should result in the same conclusion.
For any conclusion to be valid, the design of the experiment requires that only two groups be compared.
After a scientist formulates a conclusion based on an experiment, no further investigation is necessary.
The diagram below represents a cycle that occurs in nature. Which phrase describes a human activity that could have a negative effect on this cycle?
a decrease in the amount of sulfates given off by motor vehicles
an increase in recycling programs for plastics and metals
the continued deforestation and removal of forest resources
development of programs to conserve wildlife
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***The resistance gene was present in the aphid population as a result of
the need of the potatoes to become resistant to the insecticide
changes in the aphids’ local habitat by the insecticide
a recombination of the proteins in the potato cells
a random change in the aphids’ DNA sequence
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***In year three, the farmer discontinued the use of the insecticide. Which statement would best predict the population in generation 4?
The nonresistant aphid would become extinct
The nonresistant aphid would become extinct
The resistant aphid would mutate to a nonresistant aphid.
The plants would be free of insect populations.
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***One negative consequence of using an insecticide is that it
selects for insecticide-resistant organisms
keeps a balance of organic compounds
encourages biodiversity in plants
gives the nonresistant aphids a survival advantage
The activity of a single-celled organism is represented in the diagram below.
Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?
The life functions performed by single-celled organisms are different from the life functions performed by complex organisms.
Single-celled organisms carry out life functions that are essential for survival.
Since single-celled organisms lack organs, they can survive only in moist environments.
Single-celled organisms contain one organelle that performs all the life functions.
The chart below provides information about two scientific discoveries in the field of biology. Which statement is the best interpretation of the material presented in the chart?
Scientific explanations are built by combining evidence that can be observed with what people already know.
Inquiry involves making judgments about the reliability of the source and relevance of the information.
Science provides information, but values are also essential to making ethical decisions.
Hypotheses are valuable even if they turn out not to be true, because they may lead to further investigation.
This diagram represents the roles of different parts of the human body in keeping blood sugar at a balanced, normal level over time. ***The diagram shows human body structures that are coordinated to maintain homeostasis. Which correctly identifies the functions of these structures?
Body System X = Digestion // Organ Y = Regulation
Body System X = Circulation // Organ Y = Synthesis
Body System X = Excretion // Organ Y = Transport
Body System X = Locomotion // Organ Y = Nutrition
When body system X releases too much sugar into the blood, the body can maintain homeostasis by making
more hormone A, only
more hormone B, only
more hormone A and more hormone B
no hormone A and no hormone B
If organ Y becomes unable to produce enough hormone B, then homeostasis would be disrupted. To restore homeostasis and compensate for the lack of hormone B, one useful action would be to
increase the production of hormone A
remove organ Y from the body surgically
reduce the carbohydrates in body system X
reduce the synthesis of enzymes in organ Y
If body system X temporarily stops releasing sugar into the blood, a likely response of the body would be to
stop using enzymes in body system X
stop organ Y from producing hormone A
start to increase synthesis of hormone B
start to increase synthesis of hormone A
The process represented in the diagram is
DNA replication
natural selection
gel electrophoresis
genetic engineering
The original gene for the production of a human hormone was most likely removed from a
chromosome
ribosome
mitochondrion
cell membrane
In single-celled organisms, materials are stored primarily in
ribosomes
mitochondria
nuclei
vacuoles
An ameba is a single-celled, heterotrophic organism. In order to meet its energy needs, it relies directly on the interaction of which cell structures?
chloroplasts and the cell membrane
the cell membrane and mitochondria
nucleus and ribosomes
vacuoles and the nucleus
Recently, oil from a wrecked tanker resulted in a disaster in ecosystems containing many unique species. The potential loss of these species could result in
an increase in the variety of genetic material available
a decrease in organisms available for scientific research
an increase in the stability of the affected ecosystems
a decrease in pollution affecting the land and water
Which process occurs at each link in a food chain?
All the energy is stored in a newly made structure.
Some energy is released into the environment as heat.
Chemical energy is recycled.
Atoms cycle among living organisms, producing energy.
The diagram illustrates the release of chemical A from a human cell in response to a specific stimulus.
Which cell structure plays a direct role in the release of this chemical from the cell?
nucleus
ribosome
chloroplast
cell membrane
Which statement is an example of a feedback mechanism in humans?
An increase in the level of blood sugar results in the pancreas increasing the amount of insulin it secretes.
Increased exposure to pathogenic bacteria results in an increase in the number of red blood cells produced.
An increase in exercise results in a decrease in the rate of respiration.
Increased muscle activity results in a decrease in heart rate.
Many disorders are due to the inability of an individual to break down a particular chemical. Sometimes these disorders can be treated by giving the affected individual the appropriate
enzymes
antigens
chromosomes
organelles
Which sequence best represents the levels of organization in a paramecium, a single-celled organism?
cells→tissues→organs→organ systems→organism
organelles→organ systems→organism
cells→organs→organ systems→organism
organelles→organism
Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structure labeled Y in both diagrams and the process it performs?
Which row in the chart below correctly identifies the structure labeled Y in both diagrams and the process it performs?
Which technique could be used to make the structures in the cells more visible when using a compound light microscope?
paper chromatography
staining
electrophoresis
gene manipulation
The diagram represents red blood cells placed in three test tubes, each containing a different salt solution.
Which statement best describes solution C?
The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.
The concentration of dissolved salt in the solution is less than the concentration in the cells.
The concentration of water in the solution is greater than the concentration in the cells.
The concentration of water in the solution is equal to the concentration in the cells.
The diagram represents red blood cells placed in three test tubes, each containing a different salt solution.
Which solution would be most similar in concentration to the normal internal environment of the human circulatory system?
solution A, only
solution B, only
solutions A and B
solutions A and C
The diagram represents changes that take place within the human body.
The diagram represents
cellular differentiation
dynamic equilibrium
gene interaction
biological evolution
If a segment of DNA is ATCGA what would its complement be?
UAGCU
TAGCT
Name the building block of a starch
Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide
Amino Acid
Lipid
What organism is an ecosystem that would be most affected by a decrease in CO2?
Bacteria
Consumers
Green Plants/Algae
Humans
What molecule has the instructions (blueprint) for the cell?
ATP
RTI
DNA
What part of a plant cell allows them to make their own food?
Chloroplast
Golgi Body
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Mitochondria
A cell maintains life by undergoing ….
Metabolic (life) functions
Homeostasis
Mitosis
Budding
What term defines a cell without a nucleus?
Dead
Virus
Prokaryote / prokaryotic
Eukaryote /
eukaryotic
If a 20% salt solution is put into dialysis tubing & added to a beaker of distilled water - what way will the water move?
The water will move into the cell / dialysis tubing.
Into the beaker
How should the control group be treated differently than the experimental group?
The control group gets double the variable.
Both groups should be exactly the same EXCEPT for the variable. The control group doesn’t get the variable.
The control group gets half the variable.
Name the most important inorganic compound to living things…
Carbon Dioxide
Oxygen
Glucose
Water
What is the substance the enzyme works on called?
Substrate
Product
Active Site
Complex
What direction does a microscope turn the object you are viewing?
Forward
Inside out
Backwards and upside down
Sideways
What occurs in the organelle that looks like this?
Break down excess or worn-out cell parts.
Helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules
Production of Ribosomes
Production of Energy
What term is used to describe the living components of an ecosystem?
Abiotic
Biotic
aerobic
anaerobic
Recently, researchers from Stanford University have changed mouse skin cells into mouse nerve cells. This was accomplished by inserting genes that control the synthesis of certain proteins into the skin cells. This type of research is often successful in advancing knowledge regarding the functioning of human cells because
cells present in humans often function in similar ways to cells present in other organisms
cells from different types of organisms function differently when transplanted into humans
the cells in all complex organisms contain the same genes and function in similar ways
cellular research using mice can always be applied to human cells since all complex organisms produce the same proteins
In the experimental setup below, which substance would be used to prove that the gas produced by the yeast in the vacuum bottle could change the pH of the liquid in the flask?
an indicator
a chemical messenger
an enzyme
a salt solution
Which statement best expresses a basic scientific assumption?
Interpretation of experimental results has provided explanations for all natural phenomena.
If a conclusion is valid, similar investigations by other scientists should result in the same conclusion.
For any conclusion to be valid, the design of the experiment requires that only two groups be compared.
After a scientist formulates a conclusion based on an experiment, no further investigation is necessary.
The diagram below represents a cycle that occurs in nature. Which phrase describes a human activity that could have a negative effect on this cycle?
a decrease in the amount of sulfates given off by motor vehicles
an increase in recycling programs for plastics and metals
the continued deforestation and removal of forest resources
development of programs to conserve wildlife
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***The resistance gene was present in the aphid population as a result of
the need of the potatoes to become resistant to the insecticide
changes in the aphids’ local habitat by the insecticide
a recombination of the proteins in the potato cells
a random change in the aphids’ DNA sequence
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***In year three, the farmer discontinued the use of the insecticide. Which statement would best predict the population in generation 4?
The nonresistant aphid would become extinct
The nonresistant aphid would become extinct
The resistant aphid would mutate to a nonresistant aphid.
The plants would be free of insect populations.
A farmer growing potatoes notices aphids, a type of insect, feeding on the plants. An insecticide was sprayed on the plants several times over a two-year period. The graph represents samples of three different generations of insecticide-resistant and nonresistant aphids over this time period. ***One negative consequence of using an insecticide is that it
selects for insecticide-resistant organisms
keeps a balance of organic compounds
encourages biodiversity in plants
gives the nonresistant aphids a survival advantage
The activity of a single-celled organism is represented in the diagram below.
Which concept is best illustrated by this diagram?
The life functions performed by single-celled organisms are different from the life functions performed by complex organisms.
Single-celled organisms carry out life functions that are essential for survival.
Since single-celled organisms lack organs, they can survive only in moist environments.
Single-celled organisms contain one organelle that performs all the life functions.
The chart below provides information about two scientific discoveries in the field of biology. Which statement is the best interpretation of the material presented in the chart?
Scientific explanations are built by combining evidence that can be observed with what people already know.
Inquiry involves making judgments about the reliability of the source and relevance of the information.
Science provides information, but values are also essential to making ethical decisions.
Hypotheses are valuable even if they turn out not to be true, because they may lead to further investigation.
This diagram represents the roles of different parts of the human body in keeping blood sugar at a balanced, normal level over time. ***The diagram shows human body structures that are coordinated to maintain homeostasis. Which correctly identifies the functions of these structures?
Body System X = Digestion // Organ Y = Regulation
Body System X = Circulation // Organ Y = Synthesis
Body System X = Excretion // Organ Y = Transport
Body System X = Locomotion // Organ Y = Nutrition
When body system X releases too much sugar into the blood, the body can maintain homeostasis by making
more hormone A, only
more hormone B, only
more hormone A and more hormone B
no hormone A and no hormone B
If organ Y becomes unable to produce enough hormone B, then homeostasis would be disrupted. To restore homeostasis and compensate for the lack of hormone B, one useful action would be to
increase the production of hormone A
remove organ Y from the body surgically
reduce the carbohydrates in body system X
reduce the synthesis of enzymes in organ Y
If body system X temporarily stops releasing sugar into the blood, a likely response of the body would be to
stop using enzymes in body system X
stop organ Y from producing hormone A
start to increase synthesis of hormone B
start to increase synthesis of hormone A
The process represented in the diagram is
DNA replication
natural selection
gel electrophoresis
genetic engineering
The original gene for the production of a human hormone was most likely removed from a
chromosome
ribosome
mitochondrion
cell membrane
Lobsters prey on sea hares, which are marine animals. The lobsters find their prey through a sense of smell. The sea hares defend themselves by squirting ink at the lobster, as shown in the photo below. The ink sticks to the lobster, interfering with its sense of smell. The most likely reason the sea hare can escape is because the sea hare ink
pushes the sea hare away rapidly as the ink is expelled
blocks a receptor on certain cells in the lobster
causes the lobster to change its prey
prevents movement of the lobster
The movement of molecules from side A to side B is an example of the process of
active transport
chromatography
cellular respiration
diffusion
Which sequence represents structures organized from MOST complex to LEAST complex?
(1) cells → organ systems → organelles → organisms
(2) organelles → cells → tissues → organs
(3) tissues → organs → cells → organ systems
(4) organs → tissues → cells → organelles
An amoeba, a one-celled organism, can move, ingest, and transport materials within the cell, because it has:
systems
tissues
organelles
organs
A cell needs to import a particle from it's environment. The particle is in a higher concentration in the cell than out of the cell. The particle will enter by:
diffusion, without ATP
diffusion, using ATP
active transport, without ATP
active transport, using ATP
Why are sexually reproducing organisms more likely to survive in a changing environment?
they produce more offspring in each generation
offspring are identical
offspring have more variety
What determines an enzymes job?
shape
temperature
location
environment
What is meant by catalyst?
only increases the rate of chemical reaction
both increases and decreases the rate of chemical reactions
only decreases the rate of chemical reaction
neither increases nor decreases the rate of chemical reactions
What is the building block of lipids?
glucose
amino acids
fatty acids
This organelle acts like the lungs, or respiratory system
cytoplasm
nucleus
mitochondria
cell membrane
Describe what occurs when salt water is added to a cell
Water diffuses into the cell
Salt diffuses into the cell
Water diffuses out of the cell
Salt diffuses out of the cell
Where is energy stored in a molecule
In the elements
In enzymes
In the chemical bonds
In the raw materials
