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WorksheetsUnit 8: Ecology Review
Total questions: 140
Worksheet time: 5hrs 40mins
High biodiversity ensures that many different ecological niches (jobs, roles) are filled, which helps the ecosystem function well.
True
False
High biodiversity makes the food web more complex and better able to support the most species, even if some populations decrease.
True
False
A stable ecosystem typically has high biodiversity.
True
False
High biodiversity is a sign of a healthy ecosystem.
True
False
What does the root "bio" mean...
living
nonliving
toxic
variety
What does the root "diversity" mean...
living
nonliving
toxic
variety
Which ecosystem is more likely to survive a change in the environment?
One with High biodiversity
One with Low biodiversity
What is a group of organisms of ONE species that live in an area at the same time?
community
population
ecosystem
All of the populations living in an area is called a __________.
community
population
ecosystem
Does the picture represent a population or community?
population
community
A swarm of bees is an example of a ______________.
population
community
The seaweed, shells, sand, fish, and sharks in the ocean are part of a _______________.
population
community
The number and variety of different species in an area
Biodiversity
Keystone species
Extinction
Invasive species
A species that influences the survival of many other species in an ecosystem
Biodiversity
Keystone species
Extinction
Invasive species
The disappearance of all members of a species from Earth
Biodiversity
Keystone species
Extinction
Invasive species
Non-native species
Biodiversity
Keystone species
Extinction
Invasive species
Anything naturally occurring in the environment that humans use
Ecosystem Services
Natural Resource
Conservation
Sustainability
The study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment
Succession
Biodiversity
Ecology
Biodiversity
A type of symbiosis between 2 species in which one species benefits and the other species is neither helped or harmed
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit from living together
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
A type of symbiosis in which one organism lives with, on, or in a host and harms it
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
Any relationship in which 2 species live closely together and that benefits at least one of the species.
Symbiosis
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
An interaction in which one organism kills another for food or nutrients
Predation
Prey
Competition
Niche
How an organism makes its living and interacts with the biotic and abiotic factors in its habitat
Predation
Prey
Competition
Niche
The struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources in the same place at the same time
Predation
Prey
Competition
Niche
An animal that is hunted and killed by another for food
Predation
Prey
Competition
Niche
A non-living component in the environment. (This can be either a chemical or physical presence).
habitat
biotic factor
abiotic factor
species
An interacting group of various species in a common location.
population
community
ecosystem
ecology
The branch of biology that deals with the relations of organisms to one another and to their physical surroundings.
population
community
ecosystem
ecology
A group of animals, plants or other living things that all share common characteristics and that are all classified as alike in some manner.
habitat
biotic factor
abiotic factor
species
A geographic area where plants, animals, and other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form an area of life.
population
community
ecosystem
ecology
The natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.
habitat
biotic factor
abiotic factor
species
Any living component that affects another organism or shapes the ecosystem.
habitat
biotic factor
abiotic factor
species
The study of the interaction of living organisms with each other and with their physical environment is called
ecosystem
population
habitat
ecology
The primary producers in an ecosystem would most likely be:
Grass
Humans
Bacteria
Bears
When an organism dies, the nitrogen in its body
is immediately released into the atmosphere
is released by decomposers
all of the above
A group of organisms of different species living together in a particular place is called a
population
community
ecosystem
biome
This diagram shows how energy can move through an ecosystem and is called a
energy pyramid
food chain
food web
niche
What percent of energy is transferred from the producers to the organisms at the next trophic level?
10 %
90%
50%
none
Humans affect the carbon cycle by
clearing forrest
burning fossil fuels
destroying vegetation that absorbs carbon dioxide
all of the above
Precipitation and evaporation are important components of the
nitrogen cycle
carbon cycle
life cycle
water cycle
Which of the following is a density-independent regulatory/limiting factor?
food
water
number of nesting sites
severe weather
A tick feeding on a human is an example of
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
predation
Area that is in the early stages of primary succession will typically contain
trees
lots of animals
shrubs
mosses and lichens
Which of the following types of succession would most likely occur after a forest fire?
climax community
primary succession
secondary succession
no succession
Survivorship curve Type II has a constant decline of population beginning in infancy. An organism that exhibits this type of survivorship would be the:
Type I
Type II
Type III
Major ecosystems that occur over wide areas of land are called
biomes
biosphere
ecosystems
habitats
The broadest, most inclusive level of ecological organization is the:
biosphere
population
community
ecosystem
The variety of living things in an ecosystem is called:
biotic factors
biodiversity
abiotic factors
The non-living factors in an ecosystem like temperature, pH, climate are called
albinism
abiotic factors
biotic factors
atrophy
An organism that can make their own food from sunlight is called a(n):
heterotroph
autotroph
primary consumer
secondary consumer
Nitrogen is essential to life. Which of the following is NOT a reason?
it is a main component of carbohydrates
it is a component of amino acids
it is a component of proteins
Where can nitrogen-fixing bacteria be found on a plant?
the leaves
the roots
the stems
the flowers
When gas traps heat in the atmosphere it is called
Food Cycle
heat of vaporization
Greenhouse Effect
When primary succession occurs the first organisms to grow in this new environment are called:
a climax community
a pioneer species
biodiversity
a heterotroph
Water vapor entering the atmosphere from bodies of water, soil and other living things is called
precipitation
transpiration
evaporation
translocation
The simplest level of organization in ecology is called
an organism
ecosystem
biome
community
This cycle is important in converting ____ into a usable form for plants and other organisms that eat plants.
water
phosphorus
carbon
nitrogen
What do scientists consider when measuring biodiversity in a habitat?
Scientists consider only plants
Scientists consider only animals
Scientists consider only fungi
Scientists consider all living organisms (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, etc.)
What are limiting factors?
Limiting factors are factors that limit the size of a population.
Limiting factors are factors that increase the size of a population.
Limiting factors are factors that destroy a population.
Limiting factors are always good
What is the difference between density dependent limiting factors and density independent limiting factors?
Density dependent limiting factors include things like food, water, space, competition, and disease
Density independent limiting factors include food, water, space, competition, and disease
Density dependent limiting factors include hurricanes, fires, droughts, and other natural disasters
Density independent limiting factors include hurricanes, fires, droughts, and other natural disasters
What happens if one species population decreases in size?
The trophic level that uses them as a food source will decrease because they will have less food
The trophic level they eat will increase because there will be less of them eating them
The trophic level they eat will decrease because there will be less of them eating them
The trophic level that uses them as a food source will increase because they will have less food
What affect do nonnative species have on an ecosystem?
Nonnative species decrease competition for resources such as food and space.
Nonnative species have no effect on an ecosystem
Nonnative species increase competition for resources such as food and space.
Nonnative species have no natural predators and thus, will be able to out-compete other species without they themselves being killed by predators.
What happens if two species compete for the same food supply and one of the populations grows?
The other population decreases in size
The other population may become extinct
The other population will also grow in size
The other population may become extanct
What factors cause fluctuations in population size?
Birth rate
Death rate
immigration
Emigration
What factors increase population size
Birth rate
Death rate
immigration
Emigration
If populations are given all the resources needed to survive what type of growth will take place?
linear growth
logistic growth
exponential growth
sigmoidal growth
What type of growth curve is "B"
exponential growth
logistic growth
Why do most populations experience only momentary exponential growth?
They will usually run out of a resource
They will usually experience a natural disaster
What is meant by carrying capacity?
the maximum number of individuals an ecosystem can support with the amount of resources it contains
the maximum number of resources an ecosystem contains
the maximum number of limiting factors
the maximum number of decomposers
According to this logistic growth curve what is this populations carrying capacity
1200 individuals
1000 individuals
200 individuals
800 individuals
Why are communities within an ecosystem replaced by other newer communities?
Communities are replaced by other communities because the climate changes.
Communities are replaced by other communities because biotic conditions change.
Communities are replaced by other communities because abiotic conditions change.
Communities are NOT replaced by other communities
What do plants make during photosynthesis?
carbon dioxide gas
oxygen gas
sugars (aka: glucose)
solar energy
What is the carbon dioxide oxygen cycle?
the exchange of CO2 and O2 between living organisms and the abiotic atmosphere
The release of carbon dioxide by plants and the release of oxygen by consumers and decomposers
The production of oxygen by the process of photosynthesis and the production of carbon dioxide by the process of cellular respiration
What waste product is produced by cellular respiration?
oxygen gas
methane gas
nitrogen gas
carbon dioxide gas
What two things “fix” nitrogen gas into a usable nitrate?
humans and plants
producers and decomposers
bacteria and lightning
omnivores and carnivores
What organisms provide primary consumers with energy?
tertiary consumers provide primary consumers with energy
secondary consumers provide primary consumers with energy
decomposers provide primary consumers with energy
producers provide primary consumers with energy
Why are decomposers important in maintaining stability in an ecosystem?
Decomposers photosynthesize and make the energy for the ecosystem
Decomposers recycle nutrients needed by producers (plants)
Decomposers keep the herbivores in check in an ecosystem
How much energy is transferred from one trophic level of a food chain to the next?
100%
50%
30%
10%
How much energy is lost as heat from one trophic level of a food chain to the next?
90%
10%
50%
100%
What is a trophic level?
A trophic level is the level at which the ecosystem changes
Trophic levels can include producer level, primary consumer level, secondary consumer level, and decomposer level
A trophic level is the level at which an organism dies
A trophic level is the level at which an organism obtains its energy.
What do the arrows in a food chain represent?
The arrows represent the transfer of energy
The arrows represent the transfer of matter
The arrows represent the transfer of carbon dioxide
The arrows represent the transfer of oxygen
What is the ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems?
the moon
the store
the sun
the stars
If two animals have the same habitat and niche what kind of community interaction will they exhibit?
Symbiosis
Competition
Mutualism
Parasitism
Why is it important to have diversity in an ecosystem?
The more biodiversity in an ecosystem the more climate change can occur
The more biodiversity in an ecosystem the more poaching can benefit humans
The more biodiversity in an ecosystem the more people can live their
The more biodiversity in an ecosystem the more stability there is in that ecosystem.
What organisms are able to occupy more than one trophic level?
herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
producers
Why are keystone species important?
they keep herbivores in check so they do not eat all of the producers.
they maintain a diverse and stable environment.
they keep the predators in check
they cause the ecosystem to change
What is the “Green world hypothesis”?
The “green world hypothesis” states that the world is kept green by keystone predators that keep the herbivores in check.
The “green world hypothesis” states that the world is kept green by chlorophyll found in plants
The “green world hypothesis” states that the producers keep the predators in check
The “green world hypothesis” states that the world will eventually evolve to house only green plants
What do organisms do with the energy they consume?
they use the energy to reproduce
they use the energy to make new cells
they use the energy to maintain homeostasis
they use the energy to grow and develop
What is a symbiotic relationship?
the competition two species have on each other in an ecosystem
the affect two species have on each other in an ecosystem
the indifference two species have on each other in an ecosystem
What type of symbiotic relationship is it, when two species benefit from each other
competition
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
Why are there rarely more than three or four trophic levels in any food chain?
because there is not enough energy for higher trophic levels
because there is not enough land for higher trophic levels
because there is not enough water for higher trophic levels
because there is not enough carbon dioxide for higher trophic levels
Which are greenhouse gases?
CO2
CH4
O2
CFC's
What is Global Warming?
Global warming is the rapid decline in the Earth’s temperature.
Global warming is the rapid increase in the Earth’s temperature due to the decrease in greenhouse gases.
Global warming is the rapid change in the Earth’s climate due to the increase in greenhouse gases.
Global warming is an untrue phenomena created by the government to scare us
What can be done to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere?
Use less fossil fuels (walk and bike instead of drive)
Recycle
Make laws that restrict the release of carbon emissions from factories and cars
Use less electricity
What evidence supports climate change is occurring?
Glaciers receding (melting)
The loss of species do to loss of habitat
The ocean rising by 8 inches in the last century
The overall increase in global temperature by 2 degrees
What is primary succession?
primary succession is the changes that occur in a brand new ecosystem.
primary succession is the changes that occur in an ecosystem that has been disturbed either by humans or by a natural disaster.
What is a pioneer species?
The first plant species to inhabit new land
The established plants and animals in an ecosystem
The first humans to inhabit new land
The first plants and animals that settled in the west
Which level of ecology organization would include a lizard, a cactus, and a bird?
Population
Community
Ecosystem
Biome
Which type of population growth is shown in this pyramid?
Rapid
Negative
Stable
Which type of population growth is shown in this pyramid?
Rapid
Negative
Stable
What type of population growth is shown in this graph?
Exponential
Logistic
What is the carrying capacity for this ecosystem, according to the graph below?
8 Years
6,000
7,000
4,800
15 years
What is the definition for carrying capacity?
The number of horses that can fit in a pasture.
The number of horses that the resources in the pasture can support.
The total weight of the producers in the pasture food chain.
The number of predators in the pasture food chain.
Which of the following is/are density INDEPENDENT factors that control population size? (Click all that apply)
a mudslide due to flooding
a deadly contagious disease
predators attracted to the area
reduced grass remaining for grazing
Which of the following is/are density DEPENDENT factors that control population size? (Click all that apply)
a mudslide due to flooding
a deadly contagious disease
predators attracted to the area
reduced grass remaining for grazing
Which type of symbiotic relationship is +/0, where one gets a benefit and the other is unaffected?
competition
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
Which type of symbiotic relationship is +/+, where both species benefit?
competition
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
Which type of symbiotic relationship is */*, where both species suffer?
competition
predation
commensalism
mutualism
parasitism
If the grasshopper in this food chain has 80,000 J of energy, how much energy is available to the snake?
8,000,000 J
8,000 J
800 J
800,000 J
80 J
Which of the 5 Human Impacts on Ecology that we studied destroy biodiversity in an ecosystem? (Click all that apply)
Desertification
Deforestation
Global Warming
Invasive Species
Overharvesting
Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
communities make up species, which make up populations
populations make up species, which make up communities
species make up communities, which make up populations
species are grouped in populations, which make up communities
The simplest grouping of MORE than one organism in the biosphere is a(n)
population
community
ecosystem
species
An organism that uses energy to produce its own food supply from inorganic compounds is called a(n)
heterotroph
consumer
detritivore
autotroph
The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
organic mass
trophic mass
energy mass
biomass
Which animals are both producers and consumers?
herbivores
carnivores
omnivores
autotrophs
A frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant is a
producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
tertiary consumer
The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and their environment is called
economy
modeling
recycling
ecology
Green plants are
producers
consumers
herbivores
omnivores
All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
chain
interaction
web
network
Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?
average temperature
type of soil
amount of oxygen
kinds of predators
Several species of warblers can live in the same spruce tree ONLY because they
have different habitats within the tree
eat different foods within the tree
occupy different niches within the tree
can find different temperatures within the tree
Different species can share the same habitat, but competition among them is reduced if they
reproduce at different times
eat less
increase their populations
occupy different niches
The symbiotic relationship between a flower that gets its pollen spread and the insect that feeds on the nectar is an example of
mutualism
commensalism
parasitism
predation
Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
plants
soil
rainfall
temperature
An interaction in which one organism captures and feeds on another organism is called
competition
symbiosis
mutualism
predation
When individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate and their numbers increase, it produces a growth pattern called
logistic growth
growth density
exponential growth
As resources in a population become less available, population growth
becomes negative
increases slowly
reaches carrying capacity
enters a phase of exponential growth
Which of the following is not likely to be a limiting factor on the sea otter population?
disease
competition
drought
predation
Any factor in an environment that causes population growth to decrease is a
carrying capacity
limiting nutrient
limiting factor
growth factor
Which of the following describes the largest number of individuals that an environment can support?
carrying capacity
immigration
emigration
exponential growth
Ecosystems that have LESS space allow for more species to coexist, increasing biodiversity.
true
false
Warmer climates generally support more plant life, which will support larger and more complex food webs, increasing biodiversity.
true
false
