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Unit 7 Ecology Test

Total questions: 140

Worksheet time: 2hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

A group of eagles living around Lake Tahoe would be considered a(n)

a)

abiotic factor

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

2.

Fish, their predators, and the water, sunlight, and plants that they rely on would be considered a(n)

a)

abiotic factor

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

3.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of all living things?

a)

has the ability to move around

b)

uses energy for metabolism

c)

contains cells

d)

has the ability to reproduce

4.

A field of sunflowers facing towards the sun is an example of

a)

metabolism

b)

response to stimuli

c)

growth

d)

asexual reproduction

5.

If an organism divides and produces an exact copy of itself, the organism

a)

has reproduced sexually

b)

has reproduced asexually

c)

must have a virus and be infects its own cells

d)

has reproduced through the process of meiosis

6.

The role or job of a species in a community.

a)

habitat

b)

diet

c)

niche

d)

ecosystem

7.
Nonliving factor that affects an ecosystem...
a)
biotic factor
b)
abiotic factor
c)
food chain 
d)
biome
8.

Living factors or organisms that affect an ecosystem...

a)

abiotic factors

b)

species

c)

trophic level

d)

biotic factors

9.
Which of the following is a population?
a)
hawks, barred owls, and eagles on NC coast
b)
mountain stream
c)
all the frogs in a pond
d)
blue-tailed skinks (lizards) around a barn
10.
Which of the following best describes a community?
a)
sharks, groupers, anemones and shrimp on a coral reef
b)
decorator crabs on the seafloor
c)
loggerhead sea turtles in Atlantic
d)
prairie grassland in Wyoming
11.
Which of the following is the most simple level of ecological organization?
a)
A community
b)
An individual or species
c)
A population
d)
An ecosystem
12.
Which level of ecological organization is composed of many similar ecosystems with the same climate and geographic locations? 
a)
A community
b)
A population
c)
A biome
d)
A biosphere
13.

Which of the following is not an example of a biological process in a biogeochemical cycle?

a)

Transpiration

b)

Nitrogen fixation by bacteria

c)

Erosion

d)

Birds eliminating waste

14.

Carbon dioxide is returned to the atmosphere primarily by

a)

consumption by animals

b)

combustion and cellular respiration by consumers

c)

elimination of waste by animals

d)

photosynthesis by producers

15.

Carbon cycles through the biosphere in all of the following processes except

a)

photosynthesis

b)

transpiration

c)

burning of fossil fuels

d)

decomposition of plants and animals

16.

Nitrogen fixation is carried out mainly by

a)

humans

b)

plants

c)

animals

d)

bacteria

17.

Which of the following steps of the water cycle is the only step that has to have living organisms in order to happen?

a)

Transpiration

b)

Condensation

c)

Evaporation

d)

Precipitation

18.

What is one biotic factor that affects the size of a population in an ecosystem?

a)

local geography

b)

number of predators present

c)

average yearly temperature

d)

average yearly precipitation

19.

Organisms, such as plants or phytoplankton that carry out photosynthesis, would case a decrease of which gas in the atmosphere?

a)

Oyxgen

b)

Carbon Dioxicde

c)

Water

d)

Ozone

20.

In the carbon cycle, decomposers return carbon to the soil. Which of the following is not something that decomposers can break down?

a)

Waste products like urine or feces

b)

The bodies of dead plants and animals

c)

Carbon dioxide found in the air

d)

Scraps of discarded food

21.

Human increase carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and contribute to the carbon cycle by

a)

combustion from driving cars

b)

planting trees to improve photosynthesis

c)

conserving energy with alternative energies

d)

using more solar power electricity

22.

Nitrogen in the air must be "fixed" before it can be used by plants. Atmospheric nitrogen is "fixed" by

a)

plants

b)

bacteria and insects

c)

bacteria

d)

bacteria and fungi (decomposers)

23.

When deforestation (cutting down trees) occurs in an area, what immediate effect does this have on the water cycle?

a)

More water is returned to the atmosphere by transpiration.

b)

There is less runoff water, but more transpiration.

c)

More photosynthesis occurs, and carbon dioxide begins decreasing.

d)

Less is returned to the air by transpiration.

24.

The main result of photosynthesis is

a)

decreased atmospheric nitrogen

b)

carbon dioxide is removed and captured by plants

c)

absorbing nitrogen for the plant to use

d)

global warming caused by carbon dioxide being removed

25.

Bacteria are involved in many steps of the biogeochemical cycles. Which of the following steps is bacteria not involved in?

a)

Decomposition

b)

Transpiration

c)

Nitrification

d)

Nitrogen Fixation

26.

Which of the following is common to the carbon cycle, the nitrogen cycle, and the water cycle?

a)

The substances are rearranged into different types of molecules as they move through their cycles.

b)

The substances must pass through organisms in order to complete their cycles.

c)

The largest reserves of these substances are always in organisms.

d)

These substances are required by all living things and are involved in many processes that occur in all living things.

27.

Water can be returned to the atmosphere through the leaves of plants by

a)

evaporation

b)

condensation

c)

precipiation

d)

transpiration

28.

For the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle to function properly, which organisms must always be present?

a)

decomposers

b)

herbivores

c)

parasites

d)

predators

29.

Decomposition is involved in which of the following biogeochemical cycles? Select all that apply.

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Nitrogen

d)

None of the cycles are correct.

30.

Which biogeochemical cycle has matter cycling through living and nonliving components of the ecosystem? Select ALL that apply.

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Nitrogen

31.

Which biogeochemical has stages that occur underground? Select ALL that apply.

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Nitrogen

32.

Which biogeochemical has matter taking on different chemical forms as it cycles? Select ALL that apply.

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Nitrogen

33.

Which biogeochemical cycle is completely driven by the sun? Select ALL that apply.

a)

Water

b)

Carbon

c)

Nitrogen

34.
When a specific population grows past the ecosystem's carrying capacity, what happens to the population?
a)
Density Independent limiting factors start to occur resulting in the population going farther above carrying capacity.
b)
Density Dependent limiting factors start to occur resulting in the population going back below carrying capacity.
c)
The population will go extinct due to lack of resources
d)
The population grows then finds a new carrying capacity
35.
What is the carrying capacity of the graph?
a)
around 500
b)
more than 500
c)
less than 500
d)
around 600
36.
The total number of individuals a habitat can survive with the resources it has available.
a)
Carrying capacity
b)
Limiting factors
c)
Resources
d)
Population
37.
If the amount of food or resources available increases, the carrying capacity for an animal:
a)
Stays the same
b)
Increases
c)
Decreases
d)
Fluctuates
38.
Excessive amounts of rain caused a flood in the southwest United States that resulted in substantial amounts of deaths in the rabbit population? This situation is an example of a density _____________ limiting factor.
a)
density-independent
b)
density-dependent
c)
density- too high
d)
density- too low
39.

Natural disasters can be considered limiting factors.

a)

true: density independent limiting factors

b)

false; natural disasters are not limiting factors

c)

true: density dependent limiting factors

d)

false: because Mrs. Schaffer said

40.
Limiting factors which impact the size of a population no matter how large that population is.
a)
Density Independent Limiting Factors
b)
Density Dependent Limiting Factors
c)
Carrying Capacity
d)
Exponential Growth
41.
An environmental factor such as storms and extreme heat or cold that decrease a population are considered to be. 
a)
density- dependent factor
b)
population density
c)
dispersion
d)
density- independent factor
42.

A lion and a cheetah attempt to occupy the same niche. The more aggressive lion survives; the cheetah does not.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

43.

Coyotes cross the winter pack ice and enter Newfoundland. The moose population starts to decline.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

44.

A severe frost wipes out 50% of the coffee crop in Brazil.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

45.

Due to severe overcrowding in an Asian village, many children do not survive to reach adulthood.

a)

Density-Dependent: Disease

b)

Density-Independent: Disease

46.

Since lynx prey on hares, an increase in the hare population causes an increase in the lynx population.

a)

Density-Dependent: Competition

b)

Density-Independent: Competition

c)

Density-Dependent: Predator-Prey

d)

Density-Independent: Predator-Prey

47.

A severe flood in the Red River Valley causes a decline in the deer population.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

48.

Due to stress, large numbers of female lemmings miscarry their young and fail to reproduce.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

49.

Travelers who visit a crowded African village become infected with a disease caused by parasites.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

50.

Many fish die due to a change in the winds and the appearance of the El Nino ocean current off the coast of Peru and Chile.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

51.

Fish on a coral reef stake out their territory and chase away any younger fish that try to live there.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

52.

An extensive drought in the Serengeti Plain threatens wildebeest, giraffe, zebra, and springbok populations.

a)

Density-Dependent

b)

Density-Independent

53.

Which of the following is true of density-dependent limiting factors?

a)

They have a larger impact on big populations

b)

They have a larger impact on small populations

c)

They impact big and small populations equally.

d)

They tend to be caused by abiotic factors

54.

A population of mice occupies a tree stump. For ten years, the population has been stable. Which of the following would likely cause the number of mice to begin to decrease?

a)

An increase in predators (who eat them)

b)

A decrease in disease

c)

A decrease in competition between the mice

d)

An increase in mating season

55.

What pattern of growth will a population with limited resources show?

a)

Exponential

b)

Logistic

c)

Density-dependent

d)

Density-independent

56.

Conditions in the environment that impact the size of the population are called

a)

limiting factors

b)

populations

c)

habitats

d)

niches.

57.

Which factor is a density-dependent limiting factor on the population of a species?

a)

Predation

b)

Unusual weather

c)

Natural disasters

d)

Seasonal variation

58.

Based on the chart, which of these events would have the biggest immediate impact on the Georgia Black Bear population?

a)

large scale forest fires

b)

damming lakes and rivers

c)

introduction of the bald eagle

d)

restriction on humans hunting bears

59.

What type of population growth is shown?

a)

exponential

b)

logistic

c)

density-dependent

d)

density-independent

60.

What is the amount of yeast when the population levels off?

a)

10 hours

b)

9 MG/CC

c)

19 MG/CC

d)

8 hours

61.

What is the name for the maximum amount of yeast?

a)

exponential growth

b)

carrying capacity

c)

yeast maximum

d)

population ecology

62.

What would happen to the yeast population if more sugar (food) was added to the solution? Select all that apply.

a)

It would increase the amount of time it took to reach carrying capacity

b)

It would increase the carrying capacity for the yeast population.

c)

It would decrease the carrying capacity for the yeast population.

d)

It would have no effect on the yeast population.

63.
New fuels are being produced by converting corn and grasses into compounds containing alcohols that can be broken down for energy in various engines. The purpose of this research is to
a)
 reduce the use of nonrenewable resources.
b)
increase the rate of air pollution.
c)
reduce the rate of homeostasis in organisms.
d)
 cause a loss of biodiversity in the rain forests.
64.
DDT and other pesticides used over 50 years ago are still affecting the environment today. Scientists have found these substances in recent glacier runoff. Glacier runoff occurs during the summer, when precipitation that has fallen on glaciers during the winter is released. Ice layers from existing glaciers have been analyzed. The results of this analysis show that the concentrations of DDT and other pesticides were highest about 10 years after the use of these substances was banned. This information shows that
a)
DDT and other pesticides cause glacier runoff during the summer.
b)
it takes humans over 50 years to analyze a glacier.
c)
precipitation helps to break down pesticides.
d)
the decision of one human generation may have an impact on future generations.
65.
The northern elephant seal was almost hunted to extinction in the 1800s. By the late 1890s, approximately one hundred seals were left, reducing the gene pool of the population. What will be the consequence of this reduction?
a)
 Competition within the population will increase.
b)
The surviving elephant seals will be better able to adapt.
c)
 Inbreeding will be less frequent among the remaining population.
d)
The elephant seals will be more vulnerable to environmental change. 
66.
A community is concerned about the water quality of a nearby lake. Increased sedimentation in the lake is endangering the native habitat. The increased sedimentation is most likely caused by which of the following?
a)
trees planted along the shore of the lake
b)
construction of homes along the lake
c)
the amount of sunlight on the lake
d)
the amount of fish in the lake
67.
How do invasive plants damage the environment?
a)
Compete with native species
b)
Change plant community
c)
Alter diversity
d)
All of these
68.

Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?

a)

Pollution

b)

Deforestation

c)

Invasive Species

d)

Ecological Succession

69.
Why are fossil fuels a nonrenewable resource? 
a)
they take millions of years to replace 
b)
they can be used over and over again
c)
they are used to heat and light homes 
d)
they cause air and water pollution 
70.
Identify the process shown in this diagram.
a)
Extinction
b)
Toxin Accumulation
c)
Pollution
d)
Biomagnification
71.
Environmentalists are hoping to protect endangered organisms by calling for a reduction in the use of pesticides, because loss of these organisms would:
a)
increase the mutation rate in plants
b)
cause pesticides to become more toxic to insects
c)
reduce biodiversity in various ecosystems
d)
decrease the space and resources available to other organisms
72.
After the Aswan High Dam was built on the Nile River, the rate of parasitic blood-flukeinfection doubled in the human population near the dam. As a result of building the dam, the flow of the Nile changed. This changed the habitat, which resulted in an increase in its population of a certain aquatic snail. The snails, which were infected, released larvae of the fluke. These larvae then infected humans. This situation best illustrates that:
a)
the influence of humans on a natural system is always negative in the long term
b)
the influence of humans on a natural system can have unpredictable negative impacts
c)
human alteration of an ecosystem does not need to be studied to avoid ecological disaster
d)
human alteration of an ecosystem will cause pollution and loss of finite resources
73.
Toxins accumulate in the tissues of organisms as they pass through a food chain/web.
a)
eutrophication
b)
biomagnification
c)
ecological succession
d)
symbiosis 
74.

Which of the following is NOT a possible result of decreasing biodiversity?

a)

increased ecosystem stability

b)

extinctions

c)

loss of natural resources

d)

loss of potential foods & medicines

75.

Which of the following results when levels of CO2 in the atmosphere increase due to the burning of fossil fuels?

a)

ecological succession

b)

acid rain

c)

ozone depletion

d)

global warming

76.

The tall wetland plant, purple loosestrife, was brought from Europe to the United States in the early 1800s as a garden plant. The plant's growth is now so widespread across the United States that it is crowding out a number of native plants. This situation is an example of

a)

an unintended effect of adding a species to an ecosystem

b)

the results of the use of pesticides

c)

the recycling of nutrients

d)

the flow of energy present in all ecosystems

77.

What is an invasive species?

a)

An organism that is new to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

b)

An organism that is native to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

c)

An organism that is new to an environment that has negative effects on the environment.

d)

An organism that is native to an environment that has positive effects on the environment.

78.
Why do the populations of invasive species grow so quickly? 
a)
Invasive Species are native to an area. 
b)
Invasive species are prey to many animals.
c)
Invasive species have no predators.
d)
Invasive species keep the ecosystems in equilibrium.
79.

Causes of Climate Change are

a)

only human activity

b)

a combination of natural and human forces

c)

only natural forces

80.

What pattern of growth is shown by humans on Earth, whose population is growing out of control?

a)

Exponential

b)

Logistic

c)

Carrying Capacity

d)

Population Crash

81.

One negative result of our need for energy would include

a)

inventing engines that can run on energy from the sun

b)

an oil tanker spills and destroys the habitats of many animals

c)

the creation of cleaner fuel sources

d)

. decreased runoff from deforestation

82.

A renewable resource is one that

a)

is used faster than it is replenished

b)

is replenished as fast as it is used

c)

is used like fossil fuels

d)

can be recycled

83.

The development of nuclear power has provided electricity for less money, but with a tradeoff. What may be considered a negative impact of nuclear power?

a)

Large amounts of energy are produced very cheaply.

b)

It takes a lot of energy to run a nuclear power plant.

c)

Nuclear power plants provide new jobs for a community.

d)

The radioactive waste is unsafe and hard to store safely.

84.

Examine the diagram to the right and the trend seen by the two lines. Global temperature has been closely linked with the buildup of CO2 in the atmosphere. Which of the following statements is most likely true based on the graph?

a)

Since 1880, carbon dioxide has caused a temperature increase of 10° Fahrenheit.

b)

Since 1880, adding carbon dioxide has caused the global temperature to decline

c)

Since 1880, carbon dioxide has caused the temperature to increase by about 1.2 degrees

d)

Since 1880, carbon dioxide has no effect on the global temperature

85.

What human activity would have the most significant effect on the temperature of the earth?

a)

deforestation

b)

water pollution

c)

solar panels

d)

burning fossil fuels

86.

Temperatures on Earth may continue to increase because

a)

decomposers essential to recycling matter are being destroyed

b)

increasing carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will trap more heat.

c)

too much oxygen is now given off by plants.

d)

Earth tilts toward the sun in the summer

87.

What is the effect of humans relying on Earth for all of our resources?

a)

Animals are displaced and their habitats destroyed

b)

Too much nitrogen can cause algae blooms that harm aquatic ecosystems

c)

There may be none left for future generations

d)

The world population will increase to 10 billion before it stabilizes

88.

Cause: New technology allows oil drilling in extreme places

Effect?

a)

Animals are displaced and their habitats destroyed

b)

Too much nitrogen can cause algae blooms that harm aquatic ecosystems

c)

There may be none left for future generations

d)

The world population will increase to 10 billion before it stabilizes

89.

Cause: Fertilizers increase crop yield.

Effect?

a)

Animals are displaced and their habitats destroyed

b)

Too much nitrogen can cause algae blooms that harm aquatic ecosystems

c)

There may be none left for future generations

d)

The world population will increase to 10 billion before it stabilizes

90.

Cause: More people are living longer than ever before in our history

Effect?

a)

Animals are displaced and their habitats destroyed

b)

Too much nitrogen can cause algae blooms that harm aquatic ecosystems

c)

There may be none left for future generations

d)

The world population will increase to 10 billion before it stabilizes

91.
What is formed during primary succession that doesn't need to be formed during secondary succession?
a)
pioneer species
b)
soil
c)
climax community
d)
lichens
92.
What type of succession is shown going from figure A to figure B?
a)
primary succession
b)
eutrophication
c)
secondary succession
d)
intermediate
93.

A climax community is reached

a)

at the beginning of succession

b)

in the middle of succession

c)

at the end of succession

d)

when an ecosystem is destroyed

94.

A volcano erupts and covers the entire island it is on with lava. Once it eventually hardens, primary succession begins to occur. Which of the following lists the correct order in which plant growth would occur?

a)

shrubs -> mosses -> coconut trees -> sea grasses

b)

volcanic rock -> lichen -> mosses -> grasses -> coconut trees

c)

volcanic rock -> shrubs -> coconut trees -> sea grasses

d)

volcanic rock -> sea grasses -> coconut trees -> shrubs

95.

A logger clears a forest and the forest re-grows over many subsequent years. Which type of succession represents the regrowth of this forest?

a)

Primary succession

b)

Secondary succession

c)

Pioneer species

d)

Climax community

96.

After a natural disaster, like a hurricane, what will happen to the damaged ecosystem?

a)

Nothing; it will remain uninhabited.

b)

A new, completely different ecosystem will evolve

c)

An ecosystem like the previous one will be re-established.

d)

No one really knows what to expect after a natural disaster

97.

Organisms that are the first to move into an area, and begin forming soil for an ecosystem, are known as

a)

pioneer species

b)

endemic species

c)

a climax community

d)

invasive species

98.

Which of the following statements is not true of secondary succession?

a)

moss and lichens must be present

b)

occurs after a distrubance

c)

begins with soil

d)

ends in a climax community

99.

The first organisms to move into an ecosystem are known as __________, such as mosses.

a)

invasive species

b)

pioneer species

c)

climax community

d)

origin species

100.

When succession reaches its final stage, it is known as a ____________, and will exist until it is destroyed by a disturbance.

a)

pioneer species

b)

invasive species

c)

climax community

d)

native species

101.

What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?

a)

Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock

b)

Plants die from drought and decompose

c)

Land is bulldozed and soil remains

102.

What is the main difference between primary and secondary ecological succession?

a)

Primary begins WITHOUT soil; Secondary begins WITH soil

b)

Primary is the first state and secondary is the second stage

c)

Primary builds plant community; secondary builds animal community

d)

Primary begins WITH soil; Secondary begins WITHOUT soil

103.

What type of disturbance can be beneficial to ecosystems and communities?

a)

Volcanic Eruption

b)

Fire

c)

Invasive Species

d)

Flood

104.

Which is faster: Primary or Secondary Succession?

a)

Primary Succession

b)

Secondary Succession

c)

Both Take The Same Amount of Time

105.
What is the order of succession shown in this figure?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
B, A, D, C
c)
C, D, A, B
d)
D, A, B, C
106.
What are examples of pioneer species in a primary succession?
a)
Bushes and Shrubs
b)
Oak trees
c)
Mossess and Lichens 
d)
A rose Bush
107.
What is the correct order from oldest (happened first) to youngest (happened last) in this pond succession?
a)
A, B, C, D
b)
D, C, B, A
c)
B, A, D, C
d)
C, D, A, B
108.

Which experiences the least change over time?

a)

Pioneer Species

b)

Primary Succession

c)

Aquatic Succession

d)

Climax Community

109.

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

a)

Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

b)

Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

c)

Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

d)

Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

110.

If farmers use a controlled burn to prevent forest fires, what would most likely be the first plants to return?

a)

trees

b)

shrubs

c)

mosses

d)

grasses

111.
Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.
a)
mutualism
b)
commensalism
c)
competition
d)
parasitism
112.
A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed...
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
113.

A tapeworm lives in the intestine of a cat absorbing nutrients through its skin. A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.

a)

mutualism

b)

parasitism

c)

commensalism

d)

competition

114.
A relationship between two species where one benefits while the other is harmed.
a)
Mutualism
b)
Commensalism
c)
Parasitism
d)
Naturalism
115.

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is neither helped nor harmed.

a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
116.
A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit. 
a)
Mutualism 
b)
Competition
c)
Parasitsm 
d)
Commensalism 
117.
No two species can occupy the same niche
a)
Competitive Exclusion Principle 
b)
Limiting Exclusion Theory
c)
Competitive Limiting Principle
d)
Limiting Competitive Theory 
118.
What type of species interaction is the following: two bears fighting over the same mate. 
a)
predation 
b)
mutualism 
c)
competition 
d)
parasitism 
119.

Competition among members of the same species.

a)

intraspecific competition

b)

interspecific competition

120.

Competition between members of different species.

a)

intraspecific competition

b)

interspecific competition

121.

Tapeworms feed off of their host organism. This makes them a __________.

a)

competitor

b)

predator

c)

host

d)

parasite

122.

An insect gathers pollen and nectar for food, but at the same time is aiding in the plant’s reproduction by spreading pollen to other flowers it visits. What does this relationship demonstrate?

a)

Predation

b)

Commensalism

c)

Mutualism

d)

Parasitism

123.

In natural ecosystems, predators will tend to lower the prey population, meaning less _________________ between members of the prey population.

a)

competition

b)

infestation

c)

parasitism

d)

symbiosis

124.

Grazing cows disturb grass and cause insects to fly around the cows as they eat. In turn, birds swoop in and eat the insects. This type of feeding relationship between the birds and the insects is an example of

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

125.

The graph shows the populations of wolves and mountain lions in five different counties in Montana. Wolves and mountain lions compete for the same kinds of food. In Clay county,

a)

mountain lions depend on wolves to survive

b)

mountain lions probably outcompete wolves for food.

c)

mountain lions and wolves have a mutualistic relationship

d)

mountain lions and wolves survive independent of each other.

126.

If the niches of two organisms overlap,

a)

the two organisms will always form a symbiotic relationship

b)

both organisms will disappear from the habitat

c)

one organism usually migrates to a new habitat.

d)

All answer choices are true

127.

Bluebirds and cardinals, two different bird species, live in a small wooded area. The cardinals are very aggressive and eventually take over the nests of the bluebirds. This is an example of

a)

intraspecific competition

b)

commensalism

c)

competitive exclusion

d)

predation

128.

In the graph, what type of relationship is occurring between the fungus and the plant?

a)

commensalism

b)

parasitism

c)

mutualism

d)

predation

129.

One difference between parasitism and predation is that parasites

a)

do very little harm to their hosts

b)

keep their hosts alive for a period of time

c)

attack the host only from the inside

d)

are not very big

130.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
131.

The non-living part of the natural environment where an animal, plant or other organism lives…

a)

niche

b)

habitat

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

e)

biosphere

132.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
133.

Hermit Crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Competition

134.

Which symbols best describe mutualism?

a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
135.

Which symbols best describe commensalism?

a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
136.

Which conclusion is supported by the graphs given?

a)

Competition benefited P. Aurelia

b)

Competition only negatively affected P. caudatum

c)

Competition negatively affected both species but negatively affected P. caudatum more

137.

Which of the following can be inferred from the graph showing the populations of different species of Paramecia grown in individual cultures (no competition)?

a)

P. aurelia outcompeted P. caudatum for the resources

b)

The carrying capacity for P. aurelia is higher than the carrying capacity for P. caudatum

c)

Both species of paramecia are competing for the exact same resource and being successful

138.

A niche ________________.

a)

is the function that an organism performs in the food web of that community.

b)

includes everything else the organism does and needs in its environment.

c)

is specific to each individual animal and plant.

d)

All of the above.

139.

What is a keystone species?

a)

A species that helps to hold an ecosystem together

b)

A species that lives in or around rocks

c)

Keys and stones have nothing to do with ecology

d)

A keystone isn't a living thing, it's just a stone

140.

Why are some sharks considered a keystone species?

a)

Because they are a top predator

b)

They scare off smaller fish that may overgraze an area of sea grass

c)

They are tertiary consumers

d)

They are cartilaginous

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