WorksheetsBiology Summer School Final Exam
Total questions: 110
Worksheet time: 3hrs 50mins
B4B The diagram illustrates the activity of vesicles during a cellular process .
Which statement best explains the function of the vesicles?
Delivering packaged materials to the Golgi apparatus for protein synthesis
Exchanging genetic information between the Golgi apparatuses of separate cells
Extracting portions of the Golgi apparatus to be regenerated for growth within the cell
Transporting packaged molecules from the Golgi apparatus to be re leased out of the cell
B4B When mammals get an infection, their internal body temperature often rises 2 to 3 degrees Celsius. The body gets the energy it needs to react to an infection by -
increasing the rate of cellular division
decreasing the rate of glucose movement into the cell
increasing the rate of cellular respiration in mitochondria
decreasing the rate at which carbon dioxide is removed from the cell
B4B Which molecule synthesized by plants is a major source of energy for cellular processes in both plants and animals?
Wax
Nucleic acid
Glucose
Chlorophyll
Which cellular process takes place in the ribosomes that are bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?
The breakdown of waste material
The conversion of radiant energy to glucose
The synthesis of new proteins
The replication of nucleic acids
B4B The picture shows a contractile vacuole of a unicellular freshwater organism. The contractile vacuole regulates the flow of water into and out of the cell in an aquatic environment.
What conditions cause the contractile vacuole to fill with water?
The concentration of water is greater outside the cell than inside the cell.
The temperature of water in the vacuole is higher than the temperature of its environment .
The concentration of water inside the cell is the same as the concentration outside the cell.
The temperature of water in the vacuole is lower than the temperature of its environment
B4B In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of proteins in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting
information from the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was this newly identified molecule?
A gene
mRNA
ATP
Thymine
B4B Cells can generate as many as 36 to 38 molecules of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from the metabolism of one molecule of glucose. Which cellular process results in this amount of ATP production?
Anaerobic cellular respiration
Protein synthesis
Aerobic cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
B4B Some students used vinegar to dissolve away the shells of three eggs and used these eggs as models of human red blood cells. The students observed the changes in the eggs when they were placed in different solutions.
Which statement best describes the role of the cell membrane in this model?
The cell membrane is an impermeable barrier that prevents water from entering the cell.
The cell membrane allows solutes to enter the cell, which causes the cell to shrink.
The cell membrane allows water to enter and leave the cell.
The cell membrane removes solutes from the environment
B4B Which group of organelles is directly responsible for the production of new molecules with in a cell?
Ribosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatuses
Golgi apparatuses, lysosomes, and the plasma membrane
The endoplasmic reticulum, plastids, and vacuoles
The nucleolus, vacuoles, and ribosomes
B4B The cellular process known as the sodium-potassium pump was discovered in the 1950s by Jens Christian Skou, a Danish scientist. This process is a form of active transport that moves three sodium ions to the outside of a cell for every two potassium ions that it moves into the cell. Which of these best explains why energy is needed for active transport?
Ions are negatively charged.
Ions are attached to large proteins.
Ions are trapped inside the plasma membrane.
Ions are moved against the concentration gradient.
B4B Which of these statements best explains the process of energy conversion that takes place in the mitochondria?
Energy is required for carbon dioxide molecules to form six-carbon sugar molecules.
Water molecules and radiant energy are necessary for anaerobic respiration to take place.
Oxygen molecules release energy in the form of heat during combustion reactions.
The energy in the bonds of glucose molecules is transferred to the phosphate bonds in ATP.
Which means of particle transport is shown in the image below?
Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis
Active transport
The removal of mitochondria from a typical animal cell would have an immediate effect on the cell’s production of
DNA
oxygen
ATP
glucose
Within a specific kind of tissue, there are different types of cells. In bone tissue, there are four different cell types, as shown in the picture. Since the four types of cells contain the same genetic instructions, how is it possible for them to have different shapes and carry out different functions?
Each cell type has the ability to remove unnecessary DNA sequences.
Different parts of the genetic code may be used in each of the cell types.
Different gene mutations take place within each cell type.
Each cell type is the result of different methods of cell division.
The diagram illustrates the movement of molecules across an artifi cial membrane in a U-shaped glass tube. A 1% starch solution was poured into the left side of the tube, and distilled water was placed in the right side of the tube.
Explain why the liquid level on the left side changed over the 20-minute period
What is the most likely reason for the variation in the dissolved oxygen levels in the pond over the 24-hour period?
The increased light during the day decreases the oxygen produced by photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis produces more oxygen during the day than is used by respiration.
Respiration is reduced at night, so the oxygen produced by photosynthesis increases.
More producers are active at night, so the dissolved oxygen increases.
cytoskeleton
provides support and structure for the cell
nucleus
stores DNA (genetic information)
ribosome
produces proteins
cell membrane
allows the movement of materials in and out of the cell
E.R.
moves materials within the cell
Endosymbiotic Theory is the idea that ______ cells could have evolved from_____cells
prokaryotic, eukaryotic
eukaryotic, animal
prokaryotic, plant
eukaryotic, prokaryotic
What are the cell structures that all cell types have in common?
What is F?
Golgi complex
mitochondria
vacuole
flagella
What is K?
protist
cell wall
cilia
mitochondria
What is L?
chloroplast
Golgi complex
ribosome
mitochondria
What is E?
cell wall
cell membrane
cilia
flagella
This cell type has DNA that is circular and floats freely within the cytoplasm.
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Both
Which has the following steps in order for the LYTIC Cycle
A- Assembly
B- Attachment
C- Reproduction
D- Release
E- Entry
A B C D E
B E A C D
A B C E D
B A E C D
In which cycle does the cell replicate the viral DNA each time it divides?
Lysogenic
Lytic
What type of cell does HIV infect?
all cells
bone marrow cell
immune cell (T cell)
brain cell (nerve)
The projections on the outside of a cell are used for
genetic material
attachment
alignment
reproduction
Viruses are abiotic because
they don't make glucose
they need a host to replicate
they can survive without oxygen
they are biotic
Pathogens are
viruses (only)
disease causing
cured by antibiotics
helped by cells
Vaccines help your body fight
fungal infections
bacterial infections
virial infections
all of the above
True or False: Viruses contain cytoplasm
True
False
The two components of a virus are nucleic acid and __________.
protein
carbohydrates
lipids
glucose
ability to form proteins at the ribosomes
existence of lipids in cell membranes
presence of genetic code in nucleic acid
production of energy by a mitochondrion
nucleic acid strand surrounded by a protein coat
a tail surrounded by a protein coat
a tail surrounded by a carbohydrate coat
nucleic acid strand surrounded by a carbohydrate coat
the process of diffusion with the help of a protein channel
active transport
passive transport
osmosis
facilitated diffusion
no energy required to move substances
active transport
passive transport
facilitated diffusion
osmosis
the process of diffusion through water
active transport
passive transport
osmosis
photosynthesis
The cell membrane is make out of a (a)
A type of solution where the exposed cell has the normal concentration of water molecules
Hypotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Isotonic solution
A type of solution where the exposed cell is swollen with water molecules
Hypotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Isotonic solution
A type of solution where the exposed cell is shriveled with a low amount of water molecules
Hypotonic solution
Hypertonic solution
Isotonic solution
Which viral life cycle allows viral genetic material to lay dormant (hides) while the host cell reproduces?
lytic
mitosis
lysogenic
meiosis
What do viruses need to reproduce?
they need genetic material
They need a host cell
They need bacteria
Autotroph
An organism that makes its own food.
An organism that consumes food.
An organism that consumes decaying matter.
An organism that has no natural predator.
Virus
A non living pathogen that causes illness.
Asexual reproduction
Sexual reproduction
During the "s" phase of the cell cycle, DNA is duplicated. Why is this important?
Allows for each daughter cell to be genetically DIFFERENT.
Allows for each daughter cell to be genetically IDENTICAL
Allows for each daughter cell to have 2X the amount of DNA as the parent cell.
Allows for each daughter cell to have half the amount of DNA as the parent cell
Cytokinesis
somatic
The structure labeled A is a(n)_________ used to hold sister chromatids together.
chromatid
centriole
centromere
chromophere
During anaphase
DNA lines up in the middle of the cell and DNA attaches to spindle fibers
centrioles and spindle fibers appear
Each DNA gets pull to the opposite sides of the cell
DNA gets copied
What happens in prophase of mitosis?
The chromosomes become visible; nucleus disappear; spindles form
The chromosomes align in the middle of the cell
The sister chromatids separate
The chromosomes uncoil into chromatin; nucleus reappears; spindles disappear
What are the yellow curved lines in the image used to separate sister chromatids?
chromosomes
chromatids
spindle fibers
centrioles
The structures labeled B are_________, held together by a centromere.
sister chromatid
centriole
centromere
chromophere
Arrange the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order: (a) (b) (c) (d) (e)
In S phase, during (a) the amount of (b) is duplicated to be later divided (c) into two daughter cells.
Arrange the following events of mitosis and cytokinesis in the correct order
The chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelop dissolves
Duplicated chromosomes line up at the cell equator. Spindle fibers attach to each chromatid.
Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cell by spindle fibers
Daughter chromosomes are separated and the nuclear envelope forms
The cytoplasm divides the two daughter cells are separate
The life of a cell is called the cell cycle. Which period of the cell cycle is where cells grow and perform their normal functions?
Interphase
Mitosis
Cytokinesis
Cell Division
During interphase, what happens during the S phase?
The cell grows
The cell splits in two
DNA replicates (makes a copy)
Cells that cant enter G0 phase..
mutate
repeat the cell cycle continuously
die in the G1 phase
Fail to process identification
If the parent somatic cell has 20 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have?
20
10
40
60
Scientists claim that DNA is a universal genetic code that is common to all organisms. Which of the following statements supports this claim?
DNA is made of proteins that can be transferred from prokaryotes to eukaryotes.
All living things pass down their genetic code to their offspring.
All living things use the same 4 nitrogen bases to code for traits.
DNA is helical in structure and can be found in the nucleus.
Matching - Draw a Line from each TERM to the matching definition.
What is a STEM CELL?
Cells found in the stems of plants.
Cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.
Cells that control your genes to be expressed.
Cells that provide nutrients to your blood.
What is the function of red blood cells?
Help to digest your food.
Help you breathe.
Provide nutrients to your organs.
Carry oxygen throughout your body.
What does cell differentiation mean?
Process by which a cell absorbs nutrients.
Process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell.
Process by which a specialized cell becomes a less specialized cell.
Process by which cells enter the cell cycle.
As a fertilized egg divides, the cells differentiate because they...
contain a lipid bilayer
can clump together
metabolize sugars rapidly
have specific genes activated
Cell differentiation is most directly regulated by...
ATP
DNA
Lipids
Sugars
True or False: Environmental factors, such as temperature, can affect gene expression.
True
False
The components of the (a) for all living things are the (b) ;
they only (c) in (d) .
Researchers combined sequences of fruit-fly DNA from a gene for a particular trait with frog DNA. The mixture was heated to separate the DNA strands. Cooling allowed the single strands to form pairs. The researchers observed that some of the fruit-fly DNA paired with frog DNA.
The results provide evidence that —
similar nucleotides are present in both fruit-fly and frog DNA
fruit flies and frogs can be made to develop some of the same physical traits
heat can cause mutations in the DNA sequences of organisms
the replication of genetic material can occur at any temperature
Which statement BEST describes how genes are expressed in an organism?
Genes are always off even when resources are available.
Genes are turned on and off in response to the environment.
Genes are continuously turned on and off at random intervals of time.
Genes are on until all the genes have been simultaneously expressed.
(a) factors typically (b) genes in a cell by causing the cell to (c) specific DNA segments to (d) for (e) .
What happens during gene expression?
Our DNA sends out instructions (mRNA) to ribosomes to make proteins.
Our DNA sends out cells to create new cells
Our DNA sends different sets of phenotypes so we all look different
CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.
How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?
By activating or deactivating specific genes
By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce
By identifying how closely related one individual is to another
By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism
What determines what type of cell a stem cell will become?
when certain genes in the cell get turned on or turned off
only when all the genes in the cell get turned on
only when all the genes in the cell get turned off
Do all cells in the human body start off as stem cells?
Yes
No
Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?
The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences
The regulation of gene expression within each cell type
The mutation of genes within each cell type
The use of different methods of cell division
The Himalayan rabbit’s habitat has cold, snowy winters and mild summers. The body is typically covered in white fur except for the nose, feet, tail, and ears, which are covered in black fur. A scientist shaved an area of white fur on the back of a Himalayan rabbit and placed an ice pack over the shaved area. The shaved area grew black fur.
Which of these best explains why the hair that grew back where the ice pack was placed was black and not white?
The genes for black hair were activated by specific temperatures.
The white hair mutated to black hair as the rabbit’s body temperature decreased.
The coat color changed from white to black with the age of the rabbit.
White hair only grows during certain times of the year.
