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WorksheetsBio 101
Total questions: 122
Worksheet time: 1hrs 6mins
Total magnification up to 1000x.
Light Microscope Magnification
Electron Microscope Magnification
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Total magnification up to 100,000x
Light Microscope Magnification
Electron Microscope Magnification
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
What uses reflective electrons for surface imaging?
Light Microscope Magnification
Electron Microscope Magnification
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
What uses transmitted electrons for internal imaging?
Light Microscope Magnification
Electron Microscope Magnification
Scanning Electron Microscope
Transmission Electron Microscope
Measure of how much larger an object appears.
Magnification
Resolution
Smallest Observable Objects (Light)
Smallest Observable Objects (Electron)
Which answers is part of Cell Theory
Cells are the fundamental unit of life
All living things are made up of one or more cells
All cells come from pre-existing cells
All cells have similar chemistry and functions.
Cells need food to survive
What is Resolution
Clarity of an image; distinguishing close objects.
Measure of how much larger an object appears.
Bacteria and organelles can be observed.
Molecular details, molecules, and atoms can be observed.
Why are most cells small?
Because smaller cells can maximize surface area to volume ratio
Because small cells can hold more nutrients than large ones.
Because large cells don’t have DNA
Because cells shrink when they get old
Because small cells don’t need energy to survive
What Characteristics does Bacteria have?
Prokaryotic, Unicellular
Eukaryotic Uni/multi
What Characteristics does Archaea have?
Prokaryotic, Unicellular
Eukaryotic Uni/multi
What Characteristics does Eukarya have?
Prokaryotic, Unicellular
Eukaryotic Uni/multi
Whats the Number of Cell Types (Type in numbers only)
(a)
Whats the Number of Domains? (Type in numbers only)
(a)
Do prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Yes
No
Only Some of them
Do Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Yes
No
Only Some of them
Do Eukaryotic cells have an organelle?
Yes
No
Only Some of them
Do Prokaryotic cells have an organelle?
Yes
No
Only Some of them
Do Prokaryotic Characteristics to be Larger or Smaller be Larger or Smaller then Eukaryotic
Larger
Smaller
They are the same size
Do Eukaryotic Characteristics to be Larger or Smaller then Prokaryotic
Larger
Smaller
They are the same size
Which of the following correctly distinguishes prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Prokaryotic cells are more complex than eukaryotic cells.
Prokaryotic cells lack complexity, while eukaryotic cells possess complexity
Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells lack complexity
Eukaryotic cells lack complexity, while prokaryotic cells possess complexity
What is Flagellum?
Helps the cell move
Protection, prevent cell bursting.
unit of inheritance
protection, adhere to surfaces
site of protein synthesis
What does the Cell Wall do
Protection, prevent cell bursting.
Protection, adhere to surfaces?
Helps the cell move
Site of protein synthesis
Selective barrier to allow substances pass through cell, separates cytoplasm from environment
What does the Capsule do
Protection, prevent cell bursting.
Protection, adhere to surfaces?
Helps the cell move
Site of protein synthesis
fluid of cytoplasm, location of cellular processes
What is Nucleoid?
Where DNA is located
Where the DNA is stored
Where the rRNA is assemble and stored
Where sacs are Storaged
What is Nucleus?
Where DNA is located
Where the DNA is stored
Where the rRNA is assemble and stored
Where sacs are Storaged
What is Nucleolus?
Where DNA is located
Where the DNA is stored
Where the rRNA is assemble and stored
Where sacs are Storaged
What is Cytosol?
fluid of cytoplasm, location of cellular processes
site of protein synthesis
all cellular contents, site of most cellular functions
cell's structure
What is Cell membrane?
Selective barrier to allow substances pass through cell, separates cytoplasm from environment
Protection, prevent cell bursting.
Protection, adhere to surfaces
Helps move the coll
What is DNA?
unit of inheritance
site of protein synthesis
fluid of cytoplasm, location of cellular processes
protection, adhere to surfaces
What is Ribosomes?
site of protein synthesis
unit of inheritance
all cellular contents, site of most cellular functions
Site of cellular respiration, converting one form of energy to another (food -> ATP)
What is Mitochondrion?
site of protein synthesis
unit of inheritance
all cellular contents, site of most cellular functions
Makes ATP (energy) through cellular respiration by breaking down glucose & oxygen
What is Cytoplasm?
all cellular contents, site of most cellular functions
the cell's structure
protection, adhere to surfaces
Helps the cell move
What does Vesicles do?
Storages sacs
Breaks down toxins like hydrogen peroxide
Makes lipids and proteins
Hold digestive hydrolytic enzymes
Receive, transport, modify, and store proteins and lipids
What does Lysosomes do?
Storages sacs
Breaks down toxins like hydrogen peroxide
Makes lipids and proteins
Hold digestive hydrolytic enzymes
Receive, transport, modify, and store proteins and lipids
What does Peroxisomes do?
Storages sacs
Breaks down toxins like hydrogen peroxide
Makes lipids and proteins
Hold digestive hydrolytic enzymes
Receive, transport, modify, and store proteins and lipids
What does the Smooth ER and the rough ER do?
Storages sacs
Breaks down toxins like hydrogen peroxide
Makes lipids and proteins
Hold digestive hydrolytic enzymes
Receive, transport, modify, and store proteins and lipids
What does the Golgi apparatus do?
Storages sacs
Breaks down toxins like hydrogen peroxide
Makes lipids and proteins
Hold digestive hydrolytic enzymes
Receive, transport, modify, and store proteins and lipids
What is the Cytoskeleton?
the cell's structure
all cellular contents, site of most cellular functions
fluid of cytoplasm, location of cellular processes
Makes ATP (energy) through cellular respiration by breaking down glucose & oxygen
What are the Four structures/organelles that are unique to plants
Cell wall, chloroplast, large central vacuole, Plasmodesmata, Plastids
Cell wall, Lysosomes, Large central vacuole, Plasmodesmata, Plastids
Chloroplast, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, Plasmodesmata, Plastids
Cell wall, Chloroplast, Nucleus, Lysosomes, Plastids
Large central vacuole, Mitochondria, Chloroplast, Lysosomes, Plasmodesmata
What is a Fluid Mosaic Model
It is described as the fluid and flexible nature of the cell membrane.
It is described as the cell membrane as a single layer of proteins
It is described as the membrane is made entirely of carbohydrates
It is described as the nucleus controls the fluidity of the cell membrane
It is described as the cell membrane is a rigid, solid structure
What are the Types of Membrane Proteins?
Transport, enzyme, recognition, adhesion, receptor.
Transport, ribosome, adhesion, receptor, lysosome
Enzyme, receptor, mitochondria, adhesion, transport
Recognition, adhesion, receptor, chloroplast, transport
Transport, enzyme, adhesion, receptor, Golgi
What are the Four features shared by all cells
DNA, RNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytosol
DNA, mitochondria, plasma membrane, ribosomes, cytosol
DNA, RNA, cell wall, ribosomes, cytosol
RNA, plasma membrane, ribosomes, chloroplast, cytosol
DNA, RNA, plasma membrane, lysosomes, cytosol
What are the Cell Types
prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.
What are the Domains
Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, and Viruses
Bacteria, Archaea, and and Eukarya.
Animals, Plants, and Fungi
Archaea, Bacteria, and Plants
Which of the following lists contains only organelles that are part of the endomembrane system?
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisomes, vacuoles, cell membrane.
Nuclear envelope, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisomes, vacuoles, cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, chloroplast, vacuoles, cell membrane
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, ribosomes, vacuoles, cell membrane
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisomes, vacuoles, flagella
What is the Number of membranes in nuclear envelope? (Type in numbers only)
(a)
What is Nuclear pores?
Opening that let molecules move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Fluid of the nucleus
Storage site for rRNA
Site of protein synthesis
What is Nucleoplasm?
Opening that let molecules move between the nucleus and cytoplasm
Fluid of the nucleus
Storage site for rRNA
Site of protein synthesis
What are Free ribosomes?
Ribosomes that are free in the cytoplasm (synthesize proteins for inside the cell).
Ribosomes that are attached to RER (synthesize proteins for secretion or lysosomes).
Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for export.
Ribosomes that synthesize lipids.
What are Bound ribosomes?
Ribosomes that are free in the cytoplasm (synthesize proteins for inside the cell).
Ribosomes that are attached to RER (synthesize proteins for secretion or lysosomes).
Ribosomes attached to the endoplasmic reticulum that make proteins for export.
Ribosomes that synthesize lipids.
What is the endomembrane system?
A group of organelles that moves molecules around
A group of organelles that produce energy
A system that controls cell division
A Network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes.
What organelles are part of the endomembrane system?
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisomes, vacuoles, cell membrane
Nuclear envelope, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, vacuoles, cell membrane
Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, chloroplast, vacuoles, cell membrane
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, ribosomes, vacuoles, cell membrane
Nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosome, peroxisomes, vacuoles, flagella
What is the endoplasmic reticulum?
Network of sacs and tubules composed of membranes.
Everything that is in the nucleus (all DNA and associated proteins).
A continuous molecule of DNA wrapped around protein in the nucleus.
Site of protein synthesis.
What is the main difference between chromatin and a chromosome?
Chromatin is loosely packed DNA during interphase; chromosomes are tightly packed DNA during cell division.
Chromatin is found only in prokaryotes; chromosomes are found only in eukaryotes.
Chromatin is made of RNA; chromosomes are made of DNA.
Chromatin is tightly packed DNA during cell division is loosely packed DNA during interphase; chromosomes are loosely packed DNA during interphase
Chromatin is made of DNA; chromosomes are made of RNA.
Which is true about Smooth ER functions?
Makes proteins
detoxification of chemicals in cells
Makes lipids
storage and chemical modification of proteins.
Doesn't Make proteins
Which is true about Rough ER functions?
Makes proteins
detoxification of chemicals in cells
Makes lipids
storage and chemical modification of proteins.
Doesn't Make proteins
What are mitochondria?
make ATP (energy) through cellular respiration by breaking down glucose & oxygen
selective barrier to allow substances pass through cell, separates cytoplasm from environment
Protection, prevent cell bursting
protection, adhere to surfaces
What reaction occurs in the mitochondria
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis
Fermentation
What reaction occurs in the Chloroplasts
Cellular respiration
Photosynthesis
Protein synthesis
Lipid synthesis
Fermentation
What is the Energy carrier synthesis in mitochondria?
ATP
Glucose
Amino Acids
Lactic Acids
How many internal compartments do they have? (Type in numbers only)
(a)
What is Mitochondrial matrix
inner compartment of mitochondria (contains DNA that encodes proteins for mitochondrion function, ribosomes, site of cellular respiration)
finger-like extensions/folds in inner mitochondrial membrane, add surface area for ATP production, house enzymes for cellular respiration
What is Cristae?
inner compartment of mitochondria (contains DNA that encodes proteins for mitochondrion function, ribosomes, site of cellular respiration)
finger-like extensions/folds in inner mitochondrial membrane, add surface area for ATP production, house enzymes for cellular respiration
What is Chloroplasts?
site of photosynthesis in eukaryotes
all cellular contents, site of most cellular functions
fluid of cytoplasm, location of cellular processes
cell's structure
In the chloroplast, what energy-rich biomolecule is synthesized as a result of its main reaction?
Glucose
ATP
Lactic acid
Fatty acid
Amino acids
How many Membrane layers are in chloroplasts
(a)
What are the stroma?
The fluid inside the chloroplast
The stack of thylakoid membranes
flattened sacs
The space between the inner and outer membranes
What are the Granum?
The fluid inside the chloroplast
The stack of thylakoid membranes
flattened sacs
The space between the inner and outer membranes
What are the Thylakoid membrane?
The fluid inside the chloroplast
The stack of thylakoid membranes
flattened sacs
The space between the inner and outer membranes
What is the function of Microtubules in a cell?
Highways on top of motor proteins in which you can move large things within cells
Maintenance of cell's shape
Anchorage of organelles
Synthesize proteins for use inside the cell
Package and transport lipids and proteins
What is the function of Intermediate filaments in a cell?
Highways on top of motor proteins in which you can move large things within cells
Maintenance of cell's shape
Anchorage of organelles
Synthesize proteins for use inside the cell
Package and transport lipids and proteins
What is the function of Microfilaments in a cell?
Highways on top of motor proteins in which you can move large things within cells
Maintenance of cell's shape
Anchorage of organelles
Synthesize proteins for use inside the cell
Package and transport lipids and proteins
What are Actin?
The building block of microfilaments
The building block of microtubules
What are Tubulin?
The building block of microfilaments
The building block of microtubules
What are Motor protein
Protein that moves along microtubules to transport cargo (cellular components) within cells
Proteins that store energy for later use in the cell
Proteins that form the plasma membrane
Enzymes that break down waste materials
Enzymes that replicate DNA
What are Cilia and Flagella?
Projections of eukaryotic cells
Projections of prokaryotic cells
Channels that transport proteins between cells
Structures that produce energy in the form of ATP
What is the 9+2 pattern?
A cross section of cilia and flagella, arrangement of microtubules. 9 Outer pairs + 2 Central pair of microtubules
A cross section of cilia and flagella, arrangement of microtubules. 9 Central pairs + 2 Outer pair of microtubules
A pattern of nine DNA strands and two RNA molecules found in the nucleus.
A pattern of nine RNA strands and two DNA molecules found in the nucleus.
What is the function of the Tight junction?
Tightly zip cells together to prevent breakage
Hold cells together and provide structural cohesion
Allow direct diffusion of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells
Pores in the plant cell wall which allows substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the Anchoring junction?
Tightly zip cells together to prevent breakage
Hold cells together and provide structural cohesion
Allow direct diffusion of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells
Pores in the plant cell wall which allows substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the Gap junction?
Tightly zip cells together to prevent breakage
Hold cells together and provide structural cohesion
Allow direct diffusion of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells
Pores in the plant cell wall which allows substances in and out of the cell
What is the function of the Plasmodesmata junction?
Tightly zip cells together to prevent breakage
Hold cells together and provide structural cohesion
Allow direct diffusion of ions and small molecules between adjacent cells
Pores in the plant cell wall which allows substances in and out of the cell
What is the Endosymbiont theory?
Mitochondria & chloroplasts were bacteria swallowed by a cell but lived inside instead of being digested.
Mitochondria & chloroplasts were formed by the Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria & chloroplasts created during cell division by the nucleus copying DNA inside
Mitochondria & chloroplasts were developed from early prokaryotes evolving internal membranes independently
What are four pieces of evidence that support the Endosymbiont Theory?
Own DNA, Own Ridosomes, Double membranes, Reproduce like bacteria
Own DNA, Own Ridosomes, Single membrane, Reproduce like bacteria
No DNA. No Ridosomes, No membrane, Reproduce like nucleus
Contains chlorophyll, have cilia, Single membranes, Reproduce like
What is Energy?
Ability to do work/capacity for change
Movement of water
Breakdown of protein
Production of enzymes
What is Potential energy?
Stored energy
Energy of movement
What is Kinetic energy?
Stored energy
Energy of movement
What is Chemical work?
Making and breaking of molecules
Moving things in and out of cells
Moving stuff around/Movement
What is Transport work?
Making and breaking of molecules
Moving things in and out of cells
Moving stuff around/Movement
What is Mechanical work?
Making and breaking of molecules
Moving things in and out of cells
Moving stuff around/Movement
What is entropy?
Increase Energy disorder
Measure of heat transfer
Level of electrical charge
Rate of particle speed
What are the first and second laws of thermodynamics?
First Law Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. Second Law Energy conversion is not perfect. It lose heat energy to environment, which leads to entropy.
First Law is energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. Second Law is energy is lost in all chemical reactions.
First Law is energy decreases over time in closed systems. Second Law is energy is lost in all chemical reactions.
First Law is energy decreases over time in closed systems. Second Law Energy conversion is not perfect. It lose heat energy to environment, which leads to entropy.
First Law Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed. Temperature remains constant in all reactions.
What is a Metabolism?
All the chemical stuff in organisms at the same time.
The way organisms move and grow throughout life.
The process of breathing air to get oxygen inside.
The method cells use to reproduce and create offspring.
What is the cellular currency?
ATP
DNA
Oxygen
RNA
mRNA
What is Oxidation?
Losing electrons
Gaining electrons
Losing DNA
Gaining RNA
What is Reduction?
Losing electrons
Gaining electrons
Losing DNA
Gaining RNA
What are the three components of ATP?
Triphosphate, ribose, adenine
Triphosphate, ribose, thymine
Triphosphate, guanine, ribose
Ribose, adenine, glucose
Adenine, phosphate, cellulose
What are Enzymes?
organic molecule made up of carbon that speed up the rate of reactions by lowering activation energy
organic molecule made up of carbon that slows down the rate of reactions by increasing activation energy
amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
proteins that block chemical reactions from occurring inside cells.
What is the equation for the exergonic hydrolysis of ATP?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + P + energy
ADP + P + energy -> ATP + H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O (with light) -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the equation for the Endergonic dehydration of ATP?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + P + energy
ADP + P + energy -> ATP + H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O (with light) -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is the Balanced equation for photosynthesis?
ATP + H2O -> ADP + P + energy
ADP + P + energy -> ATP + H2O
6CO2 + 6H2O (with light) -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
What is Phosphorylation?
Transfer of a phosphate group to another molecule
organic molecule made up of carbon that speed up the rate of reactions by lowering activation energy
when an allosteric inhibitor binds here, it changes the shape of active site so that substrate can't fit there
amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
What is Osmosis?
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
The solution has more solutes (and less water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (shrink or crenation)
same solutes (and water) concentration
solution has less solutes (and more water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (swell or lysis)
What is Hypertonic?
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
The solution has more solutes (and less water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (shrink or crenation)
same solutes (and water) concentration
solution has less solutes (and more water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (swell or lysis)
What is Isotonic?
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
The solution has more solutes (and less water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (shrink or crenation)
same solutes (and water) concentration
solution has less solutes (and more water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (swell or lysis)
What is Hypotonic?
The movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane from low to high solute concentration.
The solution has more solutes (and less water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (shrink or crenation)
same solutes (and water) concentration
solution has less solutes (and more water) than other side of semi-permeable membrane (swell or lysis)
What is Endocytosis?
process of moving things inside of the cell (by engulfing them)
process of moving things outside of the cell (vesicles fuse with cell membrane)
form of endocytosis where cell engulfs a large particle/cell eating
Release energy (e.g, respiration)
Require energy (e.g., photosynthesis)
What is Exocytosis?
process of moving things inside of the cell (by engulfing them)
process of moving things outside of the cell (vesicles fuse with cell membrane)
form of endocytosis where cell engulfs a large particle/cell eating
Release energy (e.g, respiration)
Require energy (e.g., photosynthesis)
What is Phagocytosis?
process of moving things inside of the cell (by engulfing them)
process of moving things outside of the cell (vesicles fuse with cell membrane)
form of endocytosis where cell engulfs a large particle/cell eating
Release energy (e.g, respiration)
Require energy (e.g., photosynthesis)
What is Exergonic reactions?
process of moving things inside of the cell (by engulfing them)
process of moving things outside of the cell (vesicles fuse with cell membrane)
form of endocytosis where cell engulfs a large particle/cell eating
Release energy (e.g, respiration)
Require energy (e.g., photosynthesis)
What is Endergonic reactions?
process of moving things inside of the cell (by engulfing them)
process of moving things outside of the cell (vesicles fuse with cell membrane)
form of endocytosis where cell engulfs a large particle/cell eating
Release energy (e.g, respiration)
Require energy (e.g., photosynthesis)
What are the terms of tonicity?
Isotonic, hypotonic, and hypertonic
Acidic, basic, and neutral
Solute, solvent, and solution
Diffusion, osmosis, and filtration
How many RuBP Carbon Atoms are there?
(a)
How many CO2 Carbon Atoms are there?
(a)
How many PGA & PGAL Carbon Atoms are there?
(a)
How many Glucose Carbon Atoms are there?
(a)
What is Photosynthesis?
Process by which autotrophs obtain energy.
Process by which Heterotroph obtain energy.
The absorption of oxygen and release of carbon dioxide during respiration.
The transport of nutrients and water through plant roots and stems.
What is the range in wavelength (nm) of visible light?
100–400 nm
380–750 nm
760–1000 nm
10–300 nm
What color does chlorophyll a reflect
light green (green/yellow).
darker green.
orange
Red
What color does chlorophyll b reflect
light green (green/yellow).
darker green.
orange
Red
What color does carotenoids reflect
light green (green/yellow).
darker green.
orange
Red
What occurs if RuBP is not available?
Photosynthesis stops
Oxygen production doubles
Glucose is produced faster
Light reaction stop completely
What is required to convert PGAL to RuBP?
ATP
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
NADPH
