The belief that computing technology has created a large gap between the technology rich and the technology poor is referred to as the _______________.

PII stands for _____________________.

A "set of moral principles" or "the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group" are definitions for the term ____________.

The European Union has much stricter privacy protection than the United States.

The structure and organization of data, which involves fields, records, and files.

What is ethically right is the same no matter what culture or background one is from.

A software for creating, storing, maintaining, and accessing database files. A ____ makes using databases more efficient. 

Stores definitions, such as data types for fields, default values, and validation rules for data in each field.

Records in files are organized and processed in numerical or sequential order, typically the order in which they were entered. 

Records can be accessed in any order, regardless of their physical locations in storage media. This method of access is fast and very effective when a small number of records need to be processed daily or weekly. 

Records can be accessed sequentially or randomly, depending on the number being accessed.

For a small number, random access is used, and for a large number, sequential access is used. 

Involves how data is stored on and retrieved from storage media, such as hard disks, magnetic tapes, or CDs

Involves how information appears to users and how it can be organized and retrieved. 

Determines how data is created, represented, organized, and maintained. It usually contains data structure, operations, and integrity rules. 

The relationships between records form a tree-like structure. Records are called nodes, and relationships between records are called branches. The node at the top is called the root, and every other node (called a child) has a parent. Nodes with the same parents are called twins or siblings

Similar to the hierarchical model, but records are organized differently. Unlike the hierarchical model, each record in the _______ model can have multiple parent and child records. 

Uses a two-dimensional table of rows and columns of data. Rows are records (also called tuples), and columns are fields (also referred to as attributes). 

A collection of data from a variety of sources used to support decision-making applications and generate business intelligence. 

Uniquely identifies every record in a relational database. Examples include student ID numbers, account numbers, Social Security numbers, and invoice numbers. 

A field in a relational table that matches the primary key column of another table. It can be used to cross-reference tables. 

Improves database efficiency by eliminating redundant data and ensures that only related data is stored in a table. 

a standard fourth-generation query language used by many DBMS packages, such as Oracle 11g and Microsoft SQL Server. ___ consists of several keywords specifying actions to take.

you request data from a database by constructing a statement made up of query forms. With current graphical databases, you simply click to select query forms instead of having to remember keywords, as you do with SQL. You can add AND, OR, and NOT operators to the ___ form to fine-tune the query

Refers to the range of functions that data administrators determine who has permission to perform certain functions. 

Found in large organizations, design and set up databases, establish security measures, develop recovery procedures, evaluate database performance, and add and fine-tune database functions. 

Found in large organizations, design and set up databases, establish security measures, develop recovery procedures, evaluate database performance, and add and fine-tune database functions. 

 Acts as an interface to a database, retrieving data for users and allowing users to enter data in the database. 

Approach to a distributed DBMS addresses how tables are divided among multiple locations. There are three variations: horizontal, vertical, and mixed.

Approach to a distributed DBMS has each site store a copy of the data in the organization’s database. 

Approach to a distributed DBMS combines fragmentation and replication, with each site storing the data it uses most often. 

Both data and their relationships are contained in a single object. An object consists of attributes and methods that can be performed on the object’s data. 

Refers to the grouping into a class of various objects along with their attributes and methods—meaning, grouping related items into a single unit. This helps handle more complex types of data, such as images and graphs. 

Refers to new objects being created faster and more easily by entering new data in attributes.

Refer to the processes used in a data warehouse. It includes extracting data from outside sources, transforming it to fit operational needs and loading it into the end target (database or data warehouse

Used to facilitate and manage transaction-oriented applications, such as point-of-sale, data entry, and retrieval transaction processing. It generally uses internal data and responds in real-time. 

Generates business intelligence. It uses multiple sources of information and provides multidimensional analysis, such as viewing data based on time, product, and location. 

Used to discover patterns and relationships. 

Usually a smaller version of a data warehouse, used by a single department or function. 

uses data and statistical methods to gain insight into the data and provide decision-makers with the information they can act on. 

Data so voluminous that conventional computing methods are not able to efficiently process and manage it. 

Data can be counted

Data can be descriptive

Processed data that possess context, relevance, and purpose. 

A certain area is human beliefs or perceptions about relationships among facts or concepts relevant to that area

typically refers to knowledge that can be expressed into words or numbers.

Includes insights and intuitions, and is difficult to transfer to another person by means of simple communications.

storing non-numeric data that is brief, generally under 256 characters. The database designer can identify the maximum length of the text. 

Storing numbers. There are usually a few different number types that can be selected, depending on how large the largest number will be.  

A special form of the number data type that formats all values with a currency indicator and two decimal places.  

A data type with only two possible values, such as 0 or 1, “true” or “false”, “yes” or “no”. • Date/Time: a special form of the number data type that can be interpreted as a number or a time.  

This data type allows for text longer than 256 characters. 

This data type allows for the storage of data that cannot be entered via keyboard, such as an image or a music file. 

Describes how data is organized and the relationship among records 

Which of the following is not an objective of Normalization.

Describes methods, calculations, and so forth that can be performed on data, such as updating and querying data 

Define the boundaries of a database, such as maximum and minimum values allowed for a field, constraints (limits on what type of data can be stored in a field), and access methods 

Collected from within an organization and can include transaction records, sales records, personnel records, and so forth

comes from a variety of sources and is often stored in a data warehouse. Competitors, customers, suppliers, distribution networks, and tax records are some examples of sources of this data

A data warehouse should be designed so that is meets the criteria of data normalization.

is used to analyze data and build models without being explicitly programmed to do so

The multidimensional data stored in a Data warehouse are sometimes called _______________.

_______________________________ is a fourth-generation language that can be used stand-alone or can be embedded in other computer languages to work with a relational database.

_______________________ database is where data is organized into tables containing tuples and attributes.

A set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequences of non-compliance

Refers to issues involving both the user’s and the organization’s responsibilities and liabilities

A method for binding all the parties to a contract

An unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes. 

Small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user’s hard drive. 

Information technology and the Internet have created a __________. Computers are still not affordable for many people. The ________ has implications for education

Generated by Web server software, record a user’s actions on a Web site. 

A legal umbrella covering protections that involve copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents for “creations of the mind” developed by people or businesses

Registering, selling, or using a domain name to profit from someone else’s trademark

Networks of independent companies, suppliers, customers, and manufacturers connected via information technologies so they can share skills and costs and have access to each other’s markets

Involves the design, manufacture, use, and disposal of computers, servers, and computing devices (such as monitors, printers, storage devices, and networking and communications equipment) in such a way that there is minimal impact on the environment. 

The ability to control information about oneself is one definition of __________.

_____________ is a method for binding all the parties to a contract.

Junk e-mail or an unsolicited e-mail sent for advertising purposes is often referred to as __________.

A set of rules specifying the legal and ethical use of a system and the consequence of non-compliance is called an ___________________.

Employers who monitor their employee's email and/or digital interactions have violated privacy law.

Small text files with unique ID tags that are embedded in a Web browser and saved on the user's computer are called _______________.

A code of ethics has legal authority over those within the organization.

_____________ refers to Internet service providers and government agencies treating all data on the Internet equally and not blocking or censoring information.

You can feel safe giving your personal information to legitimate business because enforcement of federal laws has been strong.

A ________________ for a company outlines a set of acceptable behaviors for a professional or social group.

A work of the mind or intellect is referred to as _______________.

The Fair Use doctrine gives unlimited use to copywritten materials for the purpose of education.

Computing that promotes a sustainable environment and consumes the least amount of energy is considered _________________.

Poor work habits and bad ergonomics are most often found to be the cause for health complaints directed to the use of computing in the workplace.

If an individual invents a new product or process, their new product or process may be protected by use of a _____________.