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G12 BIOLOGY

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 4hrs 43mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
All of these finches have different shaped beaks, they are an adaptation to gain access of 
a)
Water
b)
Food
c)
Shelter
2.
These structures are shaped similar, but they do not come from a common ancestor, this would be a ______________ structure
a)
Homologous
b)
Analogous
3.
The evolution of a new insect populations that are resistant to chemical insecticides illustrates
a)
biological control
b)
use and disuse
c)
natural selection
d)
low survival rate
4.
Which of the following is a fossil?
a)
a plant that has recently died
b)
a group of organisms that can reproduce
c)
a structure or organ that no longer functions
d)
a trace of an organisms that existed in the past
5.
The disappearance of a species.
a)
Evolution
b)
Extinction
c)
Migration
d)
Mutation
6.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
7.
There are three species of birds on an island.  Bird A has a heavy bill for eating seeds.  Bird B has a pointed bill for eating insects.  Bird C has a sharp bill for eating both insects and seeds.  If all insects on the island suddenly disappeared, which bird or birds would be the LEAST affected? 
a)
Bird A
b)
Bird B
c)
Bird C
d)
Bird A and Bird B
8.
The natural differences between individuals of a species is called ___________.
a)
adaptations
b)
natural selection
c)
variation
d)
fitness
9.
Remains of ancient organisms are called
a)
Extinctions
b)
Fossils
c)
Mutations
d)
Variations
10.
Looking at this chart humans are most related to which of the following? (You are looking for the one that has the lowest number)
a)
Gibbon
b)
Dog
c)
Mouse
d)
Lamprey
11.
Which gas was believed to be absent from early Earth's atmosphere
a)
Hydrogen
b)
Nitrogen
c)
Oxygen
d)
Carbon
12.
Which two organisms are the most closely related according to their DNA sequence?
Critter A--> ATG CTT AAC CCG TTA
Critter B--> ATC GTT TTC CCG TAA
Critter C--> ATG CTA TAG GCG TAA
a)
Critter A and B
b)
Critter A and C
c)
Critter B and C
d)
They are all equally related
13.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
14.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
15.
Lamarck’s ideas about evolution include the concept that differences among the traits of organisms arise as a result of
a)
continual increases in population size.
b)
the actions of organisms as they use or fail to use body structures.
c)
an unchanging local environment.
d)
the natural variations already present within the population of organisms.
16.
The economist Thomas Malthus suggested that
a)
in the human population, people die faster than babies are born.
b)
without certain checks on population size, there would soon be insufficient food for the growing human population.
c)
in the 1700s, England needed more housing.
d)
the majority of a species’ offspring die.
17.
Darwin realized that the economist Malthus’s theory of population control 
a)
applied only to humans.
b)
 could be generalized to any population of organisms.
c)
could be generalized only when populations lived in crowded conditions.
d)
explained why the number of deaths exceeded that of births.
18.

What islands did Darwin do most of his research on?

a)

Hawaiian Islands

b)

Malta Islands

c)

Galapagos Islands

d)

Indonesia Archipelagos

19.

Why did Darwin finally publish his results?

a)

He wanted to go on another voyage and the only way to do that was to show he found something during his first one.

b)

He needed to make money and thought that his book would be a huge success.

c)

His daughter found his book and told him that he need to publish it.

d)

A friend of his, Alfred Wallace, sent him a document with similar findings. Also, Captain Fitzroy published his account of the voyage.

20.

What was the name of the book Darwin published?

a)

How it is we evolved.

b)

What is evolution?

c)

The Origin of Species.

d)

The Starting Point of All Life.

21.

What were Darwin's 4 major finding about evolution?

a)

Millions of species alive today arose from single original

life form branching through a process known as speciation

b)

Evolutionary change was gradual

c)

Evolution is process that moves towards complexity and perfection

d)

Evolution did occur

e)

The primary mechanism for evolution is natural selection

22.

Who am I? I wrote Darwin about my theory of natural selection. He decided to publish his book before I could.

a)

John Hutton

b)

Charles Lyell

c)

Alfred Russel Wallace

d)

John Baptiste LaMarck

e)

Thomas Malthus

23.

Who am I? I wrote about human populations. Darwin built off of my research and came up with the idea of natural selection.

a)

John Hutton

b)

Charles Lyell

c)

Alfred Russel Wallace

d)

John Baptiste LaMarck

e)

Thomas Malthus

24.

Who am I? My idea was called the inheritance of acquired traits. Darwin disagreed with me but did believe traits could be passed down.

a)

John Hutton

b)

Charles Lyell

c)

Alfred Russel Wallace

d)

John Baptiste LaMarck

e)

Thomas Malthus

25.

The idea that the earth is millions of years old gave Darwin the idea that evolution of species could happen.

a)

John Hutton and Charles Lyell

b)

Thomas Malthus

c)

Alfred Russel Wallace

d)

John Baptiste LaMarck

26.
_____ believed that organisms could pass down _____  characteristics 
a)
Jean Lamarck,  
b)
Georges Cuvier,  acquired 
c)
Jean Lamarck, acquired 
d)
Georges cuvier, New
27.
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? 
a)
artificial selection
b)
adaptation
c)
acquired characteristics
d)
tendency towards perfection
28.
Genetic differences between organisms of the same species
a)
Variation
b)
Adaptation
c)
Behavior
d)
Environment
29.
According to the theory of natural selection, why are some individuals more likely than others to survive and reproduce? 
a)
Some individuals pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
b)
Some individuals are better adapted to exist in their environment than others are. 
c)
Some individuals do not pass on to their offspring new characteristics they have acquired during their lifetimes. 
d)
Some individuals tend to produce fewer offspring than others in the same environment. 
30.
What is survival of the fittest?
a)
It is where the fittest die out and therefore reproduce and pass on their genes
b)
It is where the fittest die out and therefore can't reproduce and pass on their genes
c)
It is where the fittest don't die out and therefore can't reproduce and pass on their genes
d)
It is where the fittest don't die out and therefore reproduce and pass on their genes
31.

What are the 3 types of evidence Darwin used to prove his theory of evolution?

4 lines
32.

Some organisms have features that have different functions, but similar structures. One example is the forelimb of humans, dogs, birds, and whales. What term best describes the relationship between these forelimbs?

a)

They are homologous.

b)

They are vestigial.

c)

They are analogous.

d)

They are embryological.

33.
Structures are similar in appearance but not in structure
a)
Vestigial 
b)
Homologous 
c)
Analogous Structures 
d)
Embryonic 
34.

The appendix, which is not needed to survive, is conisdered to be a

a)

Homologous Structure

b)

Analagous Structure

c)

Vestigial Structure

d)

Homology

35.

DNA Sequences of Hox gene in 4 Organisms


According to the table which of the following pairs is most likely to have shared a common ancestor?

a)

The bird and penguin because they are part of the same Phylum.

b)

The bird and the reptile because their embryos resemble each other.

c)

The cat and penguin because they have the same number of cytosine bases.

d)

The penguin and reptile because they have the closest match in DNA sequence.

36.

What term describes all the individuals of a species that live in an area?

a)

environmental group

b)

competitive group

c)

population

d)

community

37.

What can be learned about evolution from DNA sequencing?

a)

The more similar the DNA sequences of two organisms are, the more closely related they are.

b)

DNA sequencing reveals what structures are homologous.

c)

Similar DNA sequences in two organisms indicate that one organism evolved from the other.

d)

Two DNA sequences that are very different indicate that many mutations have occurred.

38.

Horse breeding for specific desired traits is an example of which type of evolutionary evidence?

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Embryology

c)

Fossils

d)

Biochemical molecules

39.

Which of the following pieces of evolution EVIDENCE deals with comparing similar structures in various species?

a)

fossil record

b)

comparing embryology

c)

comparing biochemistry

d)

comparing anatomy

40.
New features that do not appear in fossils of ancestors.
a)
Derived traits
b)
Extinct
c)
Genetic Variation
d)
Species
41.
Bird wings and butterfly wings are an example of
a)
Homologous structure
b)
Analogous structure
c)
Mimicry
d)
Camoflague
42.

An anatomical feature that no longer seams to have a purpose in the current form of an organism

a)

Homologous structure

b)

Analogous structure

c)

Vestigial structure

d)

None of the above

43.

"Fitness" is an organism’s ability to do which of the following:

a)

Develop adaptations over their lifetime.

b)

Outlive other organisms of the same species.

c)

Survive & Reproduce

d)

Survive

44.

What is the study of the distribution of organisms in different geographic regions called?

a)

Comparative Anatomy

b)

Fossil Record

c)

Biogeography

d)

Comparative Embryology

45.

Which of the following is an example of comparative embryology?

a)

The study of the distribution of organisms in different geographic regions.

b)

The study of the structures of embryos in different organisms.

c)

The study of the order and timing of events in Earth's history.

d)

The study of the amino acid sequences of proteins in different organisms.

46.

The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is

a)

Population

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Community

d)

Species

47.

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

a)

average temperature of the ecosystem

b)

type of soil in the ecosystem

c)

number and kinds of predators in the ecosystem

d)

concentration of oxygen in the ecosystem

48.

Why is an organism’s niche like a person’s occupation?

a)

An organism makes “money” by working in its niche.

b)

A niche is a “company” that the organism has to work in.

c)

A niche is a “factory” where organisms build things.

d)

An organism can “make a living” and survive in its niche.

49.

An interaction in which an animal feeds on plants is called

a)

carnivory.

b)

herbivory.

c)

predation.

d)

symbiosis.

50.
Mount Everest is:
a)
Atmosphere
b)
Biosphere
c)
Geosphere
d)
Hydrosphere
51.
A monkey is:
a)
Atmosphere
b)
Biosphere
c)
Geosphere
d)
Hydrosphere
52.
This coral reef is an example of something in the:
a)
Atmosphere
b)
Biosphere
c)
Hydrosphere
d)
Geosphere
53.

What are the living or once living parts of the biosphere?

a)

biosphere

b)

abiotic

c)

biotic

d)

ecosystem

54.
The smallest unit of life that can sustain itself is called...
a)
an organism.
b)
the biosphere.
c)
a population.
d)
a community.
55.
What is it called when you have groups of different populations along with their abiotic factors?
a)
An organism
b)
A population
c)
A community
d)
An ecosystem
56.
When all the ecosystems on Earth are combined it is called...
a)
a community.
b)
a biome.
c)
a biosphere.
d)
an Earthsphere.
57.
The temperate decisuous forest, the tropical rain forest, the desert, and the tundra are all examples of...
a)
the biopshere.
b)
biomes.
c)
ecosystems.
d)
communities.
58.

Which of the following statements concerning the graph is true?

a)

Lions predate on gazelle

b)

Lion populations flucuate more than gazelle populations

c)

Lions have larger populations than gazelle

d)

Gazelle populations have little change

59.

What is a habitat?

a)

The unique role a species plays in the environment

b)

The portion of the Earth where life is found

c)

The rocks, minerals, and soil of the Earth

d)

Where an organism lives and includes food, shelter, and resources

60.

What do food chains show?

a)

The feeding relationships among organisms

b)

The transfer of energy from one organism to another

c)

The interactions between biotic and abiotic factors

d)

The different trophic levels in an ecosystem

61.
Organisms that make their own food are known as ______________. 
a)
Omnivores
b)
Detrivores
c)
Heterotrophs
d)
Autotrophs
62.
These organisms break down organic matter and release it back into the environment. 
Ex: Bacteria, Fungi
a)
Carnivores
b)
Omnivores
c)
Detritivores
d)
Decomposers
63.
After the first trophic level - what percentage of energy is available  to each of the following levels?
a)
100%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
8.5%
64.
A third-level consumer has to be which type?
a)
Carnivore.
b)
Decomposer.
c)
Producer.
d)
Herbivore.
65.
The direction of the flow of energy in a food web is represented by ___.
a)
Light bulbs
b)
Dotted Lines
c)
Arrows
d)
Bubbles
66.
Which of the following is a herbivore?
a)
cricket
b)
frog
c)
hawk
d)
shrew
67.
Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from a spruce tree. The spruce tree is harmed. 
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
68.
In a mutual relationship, both organisms are ________________. 
a)
hurt
b)
not effected
c)
harmed
d)
benefiting 
69.
1.  A bee and a flower work together to benefit each other. This is an example of _________________. The bee helps the flower by pollinating it and the flower helps the bee by providing it with nectar. 
a)
commensal relationship 
b)
parasitic relationship 
c)
mutual relationship 
70.

Which organisms are heterotrophs?

a)

photosynthesizers

b)

producers

c)

consumers

d)

plants

71.

Maggots feed on dead and decaying organisms for energy. What are maggots?

a)

autotrophs

b)

producers

c)

decomposers

d)

heterotrophs

72.

In the food chain below, which is the producer?


grass --> mouse --> snake --> hawk

a)

grass

b)

mouse

c)

snake

d)

hawk

73.

Which is the primary consumer in this food chain?

a)

rabbit

b)

grass

c)

snake

d)

hawk

74.

Yellowfin tuna, or Thunnus albacores, are large sport fish that are found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. They typically school under objects such as boats or patches of driftwood for protection from predators. Schooling under these structures also provides yellowfin tuna with easy access to a food source such as smaller herbivorous fish that may be foraging for food around the structures. Which trophic level does yellowfin tuna fill in a food chain?

a)

producer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

tertiary consumer

75.

Which process do plants use to turn sunlight into food energy?

a)

photosynthesis

b)

cellular respiration

c)

transpiration

d)

evaporation

76.

Which kind of organism is an autotroph?

a)

consumer

b)

producer

c)

decomposer

d)

herbivore

77.

Which organisms are heterotrophs?

a)

photosynthesizers

b)

producers

c)

consumers

d)

plants

78.

Which organism is an example of a producer?

a)

moth

b)

mushroom

c)

rose bush

d)

cheetah

79.

Why are mushrooms important to the food chain?

a)

They recycle nutrients into the ecosystem.

b)

They produce food energy for other living things.

c)

They recycle oxygen into the atmosphere.

d)

They consume excess herbivores in the ecosystem.

80.

Maggots feed on dead and decaying organisms for energy. What are maggots?

a)

autotrophs

b)

producers

c)

decomposers

d)

heterotrophs

81.

In the food chain below, which is the producer?


grass --> mouse --> snake --> hawk

a)

grass

b)

mouse

c)

snake

d)

hawk

82.

Which is the primary consumer in this food chain?

a)

rabbit

b)

grass

c)

snake

d)

hawk

83.

Yellowfin tuna, or Thunnus albacores, are large sport fish that are found in tropical and subtropical waters around the world. They typically school under objects such as boats or patches of driftwood for protection from predators. Schooling under these structures also provides yellowfin tuna with easy access to a food source such as smaller herbivorous fish that may be foraging for food around the structures. Which trophic level does yellowfin tuna fill in a food chain?

a)

producer

b)

primary consumer

c)

secondary consumer

d)

tertiary consumer

84.

Food chains show energy transfer between organisms. The size of a food chain can vary, yet there is a limit to the number of levels that a food chain can reach. Why is there a limit to the number of levels that a food chain can reach?

a)

Plants are not infinitely in the world

b)

Producers can only eat what is available

c)

Carnivores are too big to be eaten

d)

Energy is lost when you move up a trophic level

85.

Which of the following describes an interconnection of food chains in an ecosystem?

a)

Food chain

b)

Food web

c)

Energy pyramid

d)

Producer web

86.

What is this an example of?

a)

Food chain

b)

Food web

c)

Energy pyramid

d)

Energy web

87.

Which organism is the primary consumer?

a)

Phytoplankton

b)

Gulls and terms

c)

osprey

d)

herbivorous duck

88.

What would happen to the organisms in the food web below if the number of phytoplankton and vegetation decreased?

a)

Only the small fish would be affected

b)

Only the osprey would be affected

c)

The small fish and wading birds would be affected

d)

The entire food web would be affected

89.

Which level does energy flow directly to after the producer level?

a)

Decomposer

b)

Producer

c)

Primary consumer

d)

Secondary consumer

90.

What would happen to this food chain if we doubled the population of the rabbits?

a)

The populations of the snakes and hawks would also increase.

b)

The populations of the grass, snakes, and hawks would decrease.

c)

The grass population would decrease. The snake and hawk population would increase.

d)

The grass and hawk population would decrease. The snake population would increase.

91.

Which most likely caused the rabbit population (light green line) to decrease over the first time unit (0 to 1) in the graph?

a)

A disease in the rabbit population

b)

A decrease in the amount of grass available

c)

A decreasing population of hawks

d)

A higher population of snakes than normal

92.

Trapping (or rabbit hunting) has severely reduced the population of rabbits in an ecosystem as shown in the bar graph. What is the most likely effect this will have on other organisms?

a)

The snake population will decrease while the grass population will increase

b)

The haw population will increase and the rabbit population will decrease

c)

The grass population will decrease and the snake population will increase

d)

The grass, rabbit, snake, and hawk populations will all decrease rapidly

93.

If a disease were to affect the snakes in the food chain, what will be the initial (beginning) effect on the populations of hawks and rabbits?

a)

The populations of hawks and rabbits will decrease.

b)

The populations of hawks and rabbits will increase.

c)

The population of hawks will increase. The population of rabbits will decrease.

d)

The population of hawks will decrease. The population of rabbits will increase.

94.
Which role of decomposers is important to ecosystems?
a)
They make their own food
b)
They are first in the food chain
c)
They return nutrients to the soil
d)
They provide food for consumers
95.

The sun, water, oxygen, and climate are all examples of _____.

a)

biotic factors

b)

abiotic factors

c)

plants

d)

producers

96.
What is the definition of the word consumer?
a)
An animal that eats only plants
b)
An animal that eats other animals
c)
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
d)
The transfer (movement) of energy.
97.
What is the definition of the word producer?
a)
An organism that can make its own food.
b)
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
c)
An animal that eats only plants
d)
An animal that eats other animals
98.
What is the definition of the word herbivore?
a)
An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms.
b)
An animal that eats only plants
c)
An animal that eats other animals
d)
An animal that eats both plants and animals
99.
True or False. In this energy pyramid, the consumers on each level only get about 10 percent of energy that the trophic level before it has stored.
a)
True
b)
False
100.
A pyramid shape is used to show the amount of available energy at each trophic level because... 
a)
energy decreases as you go up the food chain, just like the pyramid shape gets smaller as you go up. 
b)
energy increases up the food chain just like the pyramid shape gets smaller as you go up. 
c)
energy amounts are the same at each trophic level

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