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WorksheetsBIL Final
Total questions: 61
Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins
The difference in the organization of the genome between prokaryotes and eukaryotes is that typically prokaryotes?
A) prokaryotes have their genes dispersed among different chromosomes
B) prokaryotes do not have protein-coding genes, while eukaryotes do
C) eukaryotes have their protein coding genes for many enzymes pathways in plasmids
D) prokaryotes have many protein-coding genes for some enzyme pathways clustered in a specific region of the DNA
E) choose this answer if there is no difference in gene organization between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
Of the two nucleotides bases shown below (A or B) which would stop the continued synthesis of a DNA strand.
A) neither would stop the continued synthesis of a DNA strand
B) B would stop the continued synthesis of a DNA strand
C)A would stop the continued synthesis of a DNA molecule
D) both would stop the continued synthesis of a DNA strand
The current size estimates of the Human Genome...
A) suggests that the more genes present the greater the complexity of the species
B) suggests that the Human genome has about 100,000 protein coding genes
C) shows that it is the same size as corn plants
D) 98% of the Human genome codes for proteins
E) only a small portion (about 1.5%) of the Human genome codes for proteins
The largest majority of the Human genome is composed primarily of?
A) non-repetitive non-protein coding DNA
B) introns
C) the DNA that codes for transfer-RNA
D) repetitive DNA segments including transposable elements
E) exons
In the oscilloscope tracing above of a neuron firing an action potential, K ion channels open maximally during which number?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5
Assume that a single IPSP has a negative magnitude of -0.5 mV at the axon hillock, and that a single EPSP has a positive magnitude of +0.5 mV. For a neuron with an initial membrane potential of -70 mV, the net effect of the arrival of 6 IPSPs and 2 EPSPs would be to likely move the membrane potential to a value of?
A) -71 mVi
B) -70 mVi
C) -69 mVi
D) -72 mVi
E) -68 mVi
Saltatory conduction is a term applied to?
A) eliciting of AP impulses from one node of Ranvier to the next node in a myelinated neuron
B) rapid movement of an action potential reverberating back and forth along a neuron
C) an action potential that skips the axon in moving from the dendritic region to the synaptic knob
D) conduction of impulses across synapses
E) electrical jumping of AP impulses from one neuron to an adjacent neuron
A poisonous toxin that binds specifically to voltage-gated sodium channels in axons might be expected to?
A) prevent IPSP potentials
B) prevent the depolarization phase of an action potential
C) have all of its effects on the dendritic region of a neuron
D) prevent the hyper polarization phase of an action potential
E) increase the release of neurotransmitter molecules
In the figure below what does the label "C" represent?
A) Z-line
B) myosin proteins
C) M line
D) H-zone
E) myosin proteins
What major muscle protein is most prominent in the Light Band (Isotropic Band) [the label B in the figure below] of skeletal muscle cells?
A) myosins
B) actins
C) Ca-ATPase
D) acetylcholine receptors
E) potassium leak channel receptors
The muscle protein which binds Ca ions is?
A) troponin-T
B) tropomyosin
C) actin
D) troponin-C
E) myosin Il
Which of the following events does NOT occur during skeletal muscle contractions?
A) the calcium concentration in the sarcoplasm (muscle cell cytoplasm) changes
B) the I bands shortens and H zones disappears
C) tropomyosin binds directly to myosin heads
D) ATP is hydrolyzed
E) Myosin heads bind to actin
The type of chemical reactions occurring in steps "A" and "B" respectively in the figure below are?
A) condensation and hydrolysis
B) acylation and phosphorylation
C) phosphorylation and decarboxylation
D) decarboxylation and hydrolysis
E) decarboxylation and oxidation-reduction
______ is the physical property of water as it changes from a solid (ice) to a liquid (water)?
A) Cohesion
B) Tensegrity
C) The heat of vaporization
D) The heat of fusion
E) The Density
The conservative nature of cellular metabolism is suggested because ADP (adenosine diphosphate) is a structural part of which of the following coenzymes of cellular metabolism?
A) NAD+
B) FADH2
C) COASH
D) АТР
E) chose this choice if ADP is part of all of the above coenzyme thus suggesting a conservative metabolism
From among only the following the organelles which is likely to be the smallest in an animal cell?
A) the ribosome
B) the chloroplast
C) the nucleus
D) the smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E) the Golgi apparatus
The cellular chemical reaction that synthesizes dipeptides, disaccharides & dinucleotides from their monomers in cells is a ?
A) phosphorylation reaction
B) condensation reaction
C) decarboxylation reaction
D) hydrolysis reaction
E) fermentation reaction
Which of the following intercellular junction between plant cells is a 'communication'-type intercellular junction?
A) plasmodesma
B) vacuoles
C) gap junctions
D) desmosomes
E) tight junctions
The metal ion zinc is an essential trace element that may be found bound to enzymes, such as carbonic anhydrase. What would be the likely function of such Zn ions?
A) as a substrate for the enzyme
B) as a cofactor necessary for catalysis
C) as an inhibitor preventing the release of the product from the enzyme
D) as an allosteric inhibitor of the enzyme
E) as the product of the enzyme
Lipids, phospholipids, and steroids are made in which of these cellular organelles?
A) proteasomes
B) Golgi bodies
C) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) lysosomes
E) endoplasmic reticulum
Red-green colorblindness is a sex-linked recessive disease of the Human species. Charles is normal and does not exhibit red-green colorblindness. Charles marries Judy, who family history show that she is a carrier of the red-green colorblindness trait. If Charles and Judy have a male child, what is the probability that the child will have normal vision (not red-green colorblind)?
A) 100%
B) 75%
C) 50%
D) 25%
E) 0%
A biological molecule contains a carboxyl functional group as its only predominant functional chemical group.
Which of the following statements is likely to be true concerning this molecule?
A) it is hydrophobic
B) it is non-polar and won't dissolve in water
C) it would be found only in fats and lipids
D) it may act as a base and may be positively charged
E) it may act as an acid and may be negatively charged
Which of the following molecules is produced during the Krebs Cycle reactions of cellular respiration?
A) CO2
B) FADH2
C) GTP
D) NADH
E) choose this choice if all of these are made during the Krebs Cycle
Based upon the idealized model of DNA replication shown below, which number in the model figure is likely the enzyme that adds complimentary RNA nucleotides to the DNA lagging template during the synthesis of DNA?
A) 1
B) 3
C) 2
D) 5
E) 4
The direction of synthesis of a new polypeptide strand made from its mRNA template sequence occur in which of the following directions?
A) in the 5' to 3' direction
B) from the peptidy! site to the aminoacyl site
C) from the N-terminal to the C-terminal
D) in the 3' to 5' direction
E) from the lagging end to the leading end
In the metabolic reaction depicted above which molecule is being reduced?
A) D
B) NAD+
C) в
D) CO2
E) A
What causes the degradation of the MPF (cyclin dependent kinase-cyclin) complex at the end of mitosis?
A) retinoblastoma protein
B) its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of the MPF (Cdk-cyclin complex) itself
C) the binding of PDGF (platelet derived growth factor) to receptors on the cell surface
D) the changing ratio of cytoplasm to genome
E) an increase in production once the restriction point is passed
Which of the following is separated during meiosis 1 of sexually dividing cells?
A) tritiated thymidine
B) mitotic promoting factor
C) homologs of a homologous pair
D) haploid cells
E) sister chromatids
The tertiary electrostatic force depicted at label "D" is?
A) a hydrophobic attraction
B) a hydrogen bond
C) an ionic bond
D) an amino bond
E) a disulfide bond
A kinase enzyme is one that generally adds which of the following chemical functional groups to another molecule?
A) CO2
B) insulin molecules
C) a carboxyl group
D) a phosphate group
E) a glucose molecule
Which of the following statements is NOT true of energy production in cells?
A) cells use energy to maintain a state far from equilibrium
B) useful energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP
C) cells release very large amounts of energy in the form of heat
D) In cells, energy is released in small, controlled amounts
E) ATP is a primary form of energy transformation use by cells
In the micrographs show below which micrograph was most likely taken using a scanning electron microscope?
A) A
B) B
C) C
D) none of these was likely taken by a transmission electron microscope
An Hfr bacterial cell is one?
A) antibiotics have killed the bacteria
B) that been lysed by an infecting virus
C) crossing over has occurred
D) restriction endonucleases have completely cut up the bacterial chromosome
E) in which an F-plasmid has become integrated in the bacterial cells chromosomal DNA?
Which of the following contribute to establishing the resting potential across a neuronal cell?
A) active transport of Na+ & K+ ions
B) diffusion of Ci- into the cell
C) negatively charged protein inside the cell
D) diffusion of more K+ out of the cell than Na+ into the cell
E) choose this choice if all of these contribute to the resting potential
A particular triplet of bases in the coding sequence of DNA is AAA.
The proper anticodon on the tRNA that would bind to its mRNA codon is?
A) UUU
B) AAA
C) TTT
D) UUA
E) either UUA or TAA, depending on the first base wobble
Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the chemical reaction illustrated in the figure?
A) it results in a peptide bond
B) it is a hydrolytic reaction that joins the two molecules together
C) it is a condensation reaction that links two glucose molecules together
D) it is a reaction catalyzed by a restriction endonuclease
E) it joins two fatty acids together
The commonality of moleules found in living cellular systems suggests?
A) that living things use unique natural laws different than the laws of chemistry and physics
B) that living systems must be at chemical equilibrium
C) that life must be prevalent everywhere in the Universe
D) all living things evolved from a common ancestor
If a biological cell membranes is known to contain high amounts of unsaturated phospholipids. then we might expect this membranes properties to be?
A) to be more fluid in its structure
B) to not contain any embedded proteins in its bilayer
C) to be exactly same in structure on the exoplasmic and cytoplasmic sides
D) to be more rigid in its structure to not form a bilayer at all
The coenzyme, which accepts electrons and/or protons, that is found inside the mitochondria and incorporates the vitamin B3 in its synthesis and as part of its functional group is?
A) FADH2
B) COASH
C) NADP+
D) FAD+
E) NAD+
From among those listed below the sub-cell organelle involved in intracellular degradation of proteins is?
A) Golgi bodies
B) secretory vesicles
C) spliceosome
D) proteasomes
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum
The synthesis of ATP by substrate level phosphorylation?
A) occurs only in mitochondria
B) requires a proton gradient across granal membranes
C) occurs only in heterotrophs
D) takes place in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle
E) uses NADPH as the sole source of electrons
What is enthalpy?
A) the activation energy needed to initiate a reaction
B) the energy required to break covalent bonds
C) a measure of randomness or disorder
D) free energy in a system
E) the heat content of a system
Why does ice float when in liquid water?
A) ice traps ions within its structure making it float
B) ice has trapped air bubbles that keeps it afloat
C) the hydrogen bonding of water molecules results in a cubic shape making it is more dense that liquid water
D) ice always contains CO2 and thus floats
E) the hydrogen bonding of water molecules results in a hexagonal shape making it less dense that liquid water
How many phosphoanhydride bonds are there in GTP?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) none of these choices is correct
Which of the following is TRUE concerning cell membranes?
A) proteins are synthesized on smooth endoplasmic reticulum membranes
B) bacteria have extensive internal membranes systems
C) the Golgi membranes is where proteins are synthesized in eukaryotic cells
D) cell membranes show an asymmetry of components on the intra-and-extra-cellular sides
E) secretorey protein are inserted into secretory vesicular membrane in the proteasome
Which of the following is electrically neutral, but has an unequal distribution of charge within its own structure?
A) an ionic bond
B) a neutron bond
C) a cabon isotope (C14)
D) a polar molecule
E) table salt (Na+Cr)
A peptide bond is formed by peptidyl transferase?
A) by an oxidation reaction using FAD*
B) by a hydrolysis reaction
C) by a condensation reaction
D) by a reduction reaction using NADH
E) by a phosphorylation reaction of a G-protein
The Km of an enzyme may be described as?
A) a quantitative measure of the activation energy of the enzyme reaction
B) a measure of the size of the enzyme's protein
C) a measure of the size of the active site of an enzyme
D) a numerical measure of how well an enzyme can bind its substrate
E) the maximum rate of an enzyme reaction at infinite substarte concentrations
Males are more often affected by sex-linked recessives than females because?
A) female hormones, such as estrogen, often compensate for the effects of mutations on the X-chromosome
B) males are hemizygous for the X-chromosome
C) male hormones, such as testosterone, often alter the effects of mutations on the X-chromosome
D) mutations on the Y-chromosome often worsen the effects of X-linked mutations
E) choose this choice if none of the above are correct
Two of the following genotypes below can produce exactly the same phenotype. They are?
1. AABbcc 2. Aabbcc 3. aabbcc 4. AaBBcc 5. AABBCc
A) 1 and 4
B) 1 and 5
C) 2 and 4
D) 1 and 3
E) 2 and 3
To be of value to science hypotheses may be
A) contain established facts
B) be reproducible
C) popular to be accepted
D) testable and falsifiable
E) choose this choice if none of the above are correct
To make a gene library one could splice together restriction fragments into which of the following?
A) a bacterial plasmid
B) a repressor protein
C) a micro-chip array
D) a restriction endonuclease
E) mitochondrial DNA
Which of the following biotechnology research protocols might be best to edit a specific DNA gene sequence?
A) DNA gel electroiphoresis
B) the dideoxy chain termination technology
C) the Polymerase Chain Reaction
D) CRISPR-Cas9 technology
E) cDNA chip technology
The photosynthetic carbon dioxide reduction pathway in which CO2 is reduced twice, requires both mesophyll and bundle sheath cells and is efficient at dry and high temperature conditions is?
A) the C-4 pathway
B) the Calvin Cycle
C) photolysis of water the C-3 pathway
D) the malate shuttle
The motor protein that moves vesicles and/or attached organelles toward the + end of microtubules is?
A) fibronectin
B) kinesin
C) dynein
D) myosin
E) actin
A variation in chromsome number is known (referred to as)?
A) phenylketoneuria
B) aneuploidy
C) redundant mutation
D) nondisjunction synapsis
E) Incomplete dominance
Which of the following tools of recombinant DNA technology is most correctly paired with its use?
A) restriction endonucleases and the replication of DNA
B) DNA ligase and the creation of sticky ends in DNA
C) RNA polymerase and the polymerase chain reaction
D) reverse transcriptase and the synthesis of RNA
E) choose this choice is none of the above technologies are correctly matched
Which of the following molecular components would astrobiologists search for in deep space planetary-like bodies as key fingerprints for the presence of biological systems akin to life on Earth?
A) carbon dioxide
B) water vapor
C) methane
D) ammonia
E) choose this choice if all of the above could be key fingerprints to search for molecules akin to life
Which of the following statements concerning the properties of living systems is correct?
A) all living thing alive today likely evolved from a common ancestral cell
B) living systems are far from equilibrium
C) many human diseases arise from disruption of cellular communication, mutation, and/or chemical imbalances
D) living organism can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that are used to explain all natural phenomena
E) choose this choice if all of the above properties may be used in determining the properties of living systems
Cells use which of the following methods for energy capture and transformation?
A) capture of photon energy by pigment molecules
B) capture of electrons by oxidation reactions
C) reduction of molecules by the transfer of electrons
D) diffusion of protons across organelle membranes
E) choose this choice if all of the above are energy capture or transformation methods in cells
In medical terminology for the lay person (one not trained in science), which of the following would be most correct?
A) Bacteria...is the back door to the cafeteria
B) Hang Nail...is a coat hook
C) Morbid...is a higher offer
D) Protein...is in favor or young people
E) You MUST select this choice to receive credit for this question
