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WorksheetsAP Environmental Science Unit 2 Biodiversity
Total questions: 90
Worksheet time: 2hrs 6mins
What is species richness?
Number of different genes in a species
Number of individuals in a species
Number of different species in a given area
Number of ecosystems in a given area
According to the island biogeography theory, which of the following islands is likely to have higher species diversity?
A larger island far from the mainland
A smaller island closer to the mainland
A larger island closer to the mainland
A smaller island far from the mainland
What are ecosystem services?
Benefits that people obtain from ecosystems
Harmful effects of ecosystems on people
Artificially created benefits for ecosystems
Products obtained from ecosystems
Which of the following is NOT a threat to biodiversity?
Conservation efforts
Habitat destruction
Deforestation
Building wildlife reserves
What is ecological succession?
The process of maintaining the same species structure in an ecological community over time.
The process of reducing the number of species in an ecological community.
The process of change in the species structure of an ecological community over time.
The process of introducing new species to an ecological community.
What term describes the variety of ecosystems within a given region?
climate change
ecosystem diversity
biodiversity
genetic engineering
Which of the following is an example of an ecosystem service?
Mobile phone repair
Pollination
Car manufacturing
Hairdressing
What is the primary cause of habitat destruction?
Natural disasters
Alien invasion
Human activities
Climate change
Which of the following is a natural cause of species extinction?
Robot uprising
Climate change, natural disasters, and disease outbreaks
Alien invasion
Zombie apocalypse
What is the process of primary succession?
The process of primary succession involves the decline of plant and animal communities over time
The process of primary succession involves the rapid growth of mature trees and plants on barren land
The process of primary succession involves the introduction of non-native species to an ecosystem
The process of primary succession involves the colonization of barren land by pioneer species, followed by the establishment of more complex plant and animal communities over time.
What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?
Primary succession occurs on bare rock, while secondary succession occurs in areas where a community has previously existed.
Primary succession occurs in areas where a community has previously existed, while secondary succession occurs on bare rock.
Primary succession involves the introduction of non-native species, while secondary succession involves the decline of plant and animal communities.
Primary succession involves the decline of plant and animal communities, while secondary succession involves the introduction of non-native species.
What is the role of keystone species in an ecosystem?
Keystone species have no significant impact on the ecosystem.
Keystone species play a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community, affecting many other organisms in the ecosystem and helping to determine the types and numbers of various other species in the community.
Keystone species are the most abundant species in the ecosystem.
Keystone species are the largest species in the ecosystem.
What is the impact of invasive species on biodiversity?
Invasive species increase biodiversity by introducing new species to the ecosystem.
Invasive species have no impact on biodiversity.
Invasive species decrease biodiversity by outcompeting native species for resources and altering habitats.
Invasive species increase biodiversity by creating new habitats.
A (a) is a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area or interbreeding & sharing genetic information.
Match the following terms with their definition.
Species Richness
the total # of different species
Species Evenness
the relative abundance of species
Species Dominance
the most abundant species
A Simpson's Diversity Index of 1 is (a)
low
Populations that are (a) and (b) genetically diverse are more likely to recover from disruptions.
Organize these options into the right categories.
environmental stress
extreme amounts of disturbance
geographic isolation
middle stages of succession
high diversity of producers
physically diverse habitat
Organize these Ecosystem Services into the right categories,
the beauty of National Parks
student field trips
Pest management
Water partitioning
formation of soil
nutrient cycling
rainforests containing medicinal plants
underground oil for fuel
_______ species are more susceptible to being wiped out by the introduction of invasive species.
Indicator
Amphibious
Generalist
Specialist
This graph depicts the ecological tolerance of the Blackstripe topminnow in regard to the flow rate of the river/stream it lives in. Drag the labels to the approximate spots on the curve that they belong to. There are two duplicated options.
Optimum range
Zone of intolerance
Zone of intolerance
Zone of physiological stress
Zone of physiological stress
Individuals living in the zone of intolerance will _____.
thrive
reproduce
die
play the harmonica
Natural disruptions can often be more detrimental (harmful) than anthropogenic (human-caused) disruptions.
True
False
Match the following
Periodic
occurs with regular frequency
Episodic
occasional events with irregular freq.
Random
no regular frequency
The current Climate Change we are experiencing is the first time the Earth has experience such variation.
True
False
Which of the following is an example of a keystone species?
Beavers
Elephants
Kudzu vine
Sea otters
Which of these human actions impacts multiple nutrient cycles?
Deforestation
Driving gasoline cars
Burning sulfur- containing coal
Making fertilizers
Which of the following statements is true?
Biodiversity decreases with increased sunlight
Biodiversity decreases as you move away from the equator
Biodiversity decreases as you decrease in altitude
Biodiversity increases as you go further down in the oceans
The continent with the most amount of biodiversity in the world is
Asia
North America
South America
Europe
Which one of the following is NOT a major threat faced by biodiversity
Habitat Loss
Invasion of privacy
Population growth
Overfishing
Why are sea otters so crucial to an ecosystem?
They aren't.
They build dams and help rivers flow
They provide us with nutrients
They feed on sea urchins which are harmful to kelp forests
Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after
primary succession
secondary succession
Organisms that make physical changes and help create habitats are known as
Invasive species
Keystone species
Foundation species
Endangered species
Which of the following is true about island biodiversity?
Small islands are more likely to have more immigrated species
Small islands have more biodiversity
Small islands have more species
Small islands have less resources
A role played by an organism in an ecosystem is known at its
Niche
Job
Role
Duty
Match the organisms with their role in an ecosystem
Elephants- foundation, Alligator- Keystone, Birds- Indicator
Elephants- Keystone, Alligator- Indicator, Birds- foundation
Elephants- Indicator, Alligator- Foundation, Birds- Keystone
Elephants- Keystone, Alligator- Foundation, Birds- Indicator
What is the difference between primary and secondary succcession?
Primary succession already has soil
Lichen and moss come in for secondary succession
Secondary succession already has soil
Climax community is achieved quickly in primary succession
What is the best way to reduce stress on the ecosystem's provisioning services?
Use electric cars
Slow down population growth
Limiting human access to national parks
Recycling
An optimum range is
A threat to an organism
An organism's niche
An organism's comfort zone
An organism's species richness
Jay has 3 green marbles, 4 red skittles, and 5 twix. What is the species richness?
3
12
1.5
0.50
What are the three main parts of Biodiversity? (Check all that apply)
Endangered
Species
Genetic
High Risk
Ecosystem
Species that are clearly critical to the functioning of an ecosystem are known as
biodiversity
keystone species
main species
native species
A species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures are not taken immediately is known as
threatened species
endemic species
keystone species
endangered species
a species that is not native to a particular region and has no natural predators and little competition
consumer species
producer species
invasive species
adapted species
An endemic species is
exotic and found everywhere
exotic and found only in certain regions
native and found only in a limited area
native and found everywhere
Succession that occurs in areas that previously didn't support life, such as on rocks or ice
tangential succession
primary succession
secondary succession
quaternary succession
A common type of succession that occurs where an event such as a forest fire has occurred, or a farmer's field has been abandoned is called
common succession
primary succession
secondary succession
Quaternary succession
Describes differences in DNA among individuals of a population or species.
Subspecies
Genetic Isolation
Species Diversity
Genetic Diversity
Biodiversity is greater
Near the poles
In the Tundra
In the desert
Near the equator
Pioneer species like moss and lichen are most likely to show up after
primary succession
secondary succession
Organisms that make physical changes and help create habitats are known as
Invasive species
Keystone species
Foundation species
Endangered species
If an island is closer to the mainland, how will this impact the biodiversity?
There will be a higher level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be a lower level of biodiversity here than an island that is further away.
There will be no difference in biodiversity on islands based on distance to mainland.
Which of the following is NOT a factor that impacts ecological tolerance?
Temperature
pH
Humidity
Level of biodiversity
When a community is stable with little to no change, what level of ecological succession is taking place?
Primary succession
Secondary succession
Tertiary succession
Climax community
Which of the following is NOT a type of ecosystem service?
Cultural
Regulating
Recreational
Provisional
Which of the following ecological levels of organization are arranged from largest to smallest?
ecosystem, population, community
biosphere, ecosystem, community
community, population, ecosystem
biosphere, population, ecosystem
Which of the following is most likely to give an individual a larger range of tolerance than other members of its population?
spending more time in extremely hot and cold conditions
having a relatively large number of offspring
genetic similarity to the rest of the population
genetic difference from the rest of the population
Genetic diversity, species diversity, ecological diversity, and functional diversity are best characterized as elements of
cultural diversity
abiotic resources
biological diversity
biospheres
One species benefits from its relationship with another species for whom the relationship does no harm nor good. This relationship is best described as
commensalism
parasitism
mutualism
competitive exclusion
A species is most likely to go extinct in a changing environment if it has
high genetic diversity
a large niche
a narrow niche
recent evolutionary adaptations
Southeast Asian flying foxes are responsible for pollinating durian tree flowers and spreading durian seeds. Durian trees and fruit are critical for the survival of many species and a decline in the flying fox population would be devastating to the local ecology. Flying foxes can be considered
an indicator species
an invasive species
a keystone species
a pioneer species
Coastal wetlands are ecologically important because they do all of the following EXCEPT
harbor a high level of biodiversity
reduce the impact of storms coming inland
provide refuge for large marine mammals like blue whales
help to cycle nutrients
Wolves were reintroduced to Yellowstone National Park in 1995. This keystone species restored the park’s ecosystem. What is the ecological value of a keystone species?
they influence the survival of many other species in an ecosystem.
they prevent the ecosystem from changing and growing.
they protect land and water resources within the ecosystem.
They decrease the number of unwanted species in an ecosystem.
A healthy forest ecosystem in the Northwest is home to elk, mule deer, chipmunks, ground squirrels, and a variety of plants. What is the relationship between biodiversity and available resources?
Biodiversity is not affected by changes to available resources.
Biodiversity decreases the amount of available resources.
Biodiversity increases with abundant resources and decreases when resources are scarce.
Biodiversity decreases with abundant resources and increases when resources are scarce.
Sometimes when a bee pollinates a flower, this action is beneficial to humans. Bees are the main pollinators of many plants that humans eat, such as blueberries, potatoes, apples, celery, and strawberries. What are the benefits that humans receive from the ecosystem called?
ecological restoration
sustainability
ecosystem services
ecology
Which of the following represents a cultural ecosystem service?
timber
water cycle
pollination
recreational opportunities
Which is the best description of the two communities shown?
Community 1 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 2.
Community 1 has a higher evenness and equal richness to Community 2.
Community 2 has a higher evenness and higher richness than Community 1.
Community 2 has a higher evenness but lower richness than Community 1.
This zone has few organisms where the temperature is either too low or too high. The old and weak fish die in this zone.
Zone of Physiological Stress
Zone of Intolerance
Zone of Optimum Range
Zone of Invalidity
Products obtained from nature that humans can use such as lumber, medicines and food crops are
ecological benefits.
provisions.
supplies.
services.
What is an example of an area that is likely to undergo primary succession?
Glaciers melt and leave exposed rock
Plants die from drought and decompose
Land is bulldozed and soil remains
A forest fire occurs
The aesthetic value of an ecosystem provides
a supporting service.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
a cultural service.
A(n) ______ in species diversity is associated with a(n) ________ in the functions an ecosystem provides.
increase; decrease
decrease; increase
decrease; unobserved change
decline; decline
Human waste is often dumped in the ocean. Microbial organisms in marine ecosystems can break down organic waste into less harmful components. This is an example of
a cultural service.
an ecosystem provision.
a regulating service.
an intrinsic value.
The theory of island biogeography suggests that species richness is affected by which of the following factors?
I. island distance from mainland
II. how the island is formed
III. island size
II only
III only
I and III
II and III
Which level of biodiversity includes the available habitat in an area?
Species diversity
Genetic diversity
Ecosystem diversity
All of these
The ability of an ecosystem to return to its original state after being disturbed
keystone species
invasive species
limiting factors
resilience
This pic shows why the tropical rainforest is known for its
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
genetic diversity
lack of biodiversity
These dogs are all the same species, but they look very different from one another because of
genetic diversity
ecosystem diversity
species diversity
none of these are correct
A plant nursery only grew one type of tomato. All of their tomatoes died from the same disease. What was most likely true of the tomato plant population?
a. It had too little biodiversity
b. It had a lot of resistance to disease
c. It had a few plants that were resistant to disease
d. It had too much genetic variation
In what way are humans most impacting the biodiversity of ecosystems around the world?
a. We are putting too many organisms in zoos or keeping them as pets
b. We are increasing biodiversity by breeding new species
c. We are destroying the habitats of a large number of species
d. Recreational hunting
The migration of a flock of finches to a southern region is a _______________ adaptation.
chemical
physical
behavioral
general
A chameleon altering its skin to blend in with the tree branch that it lives on is known as a _____________________ adaptation.
physical
behavioral
chemical
ecological
Which of the following definitions best describes adaptation?
The ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
An inherited characteristic of an organism which makes that organism better suited to its environment
A fact or situation that occurs in nature
Color, camouflage, sharp claws and teeth are all examples of;
Behavioral adaptations
Physical adaptations
Chemical adaptations
Biological fitness
Mimicry, migration, hibernation, traveling in herds, hunting in packs
Physical Adaptation
Behavior Adaptation
Chemical Adaptation
Biological Adaptation
The process in nature where organisms better suited to their environment survive and produce more offspring.
Natural Selection
Extinct
Heredity
Variation
A community of animals and plants interacting with their environment. Biotic and abiotic
extinct
biodiversity
variation
ecosystem
