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23/24 Unit 2 Final Review - Fall Final Review

Total questions: 68

Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

The red area at the end of the humerus and ulna articulation is

a)

acromion process

b)

olecranon process

c)

foramen magnum

d)

coracoid process

2.
The shaft of the bone is also called the
a)
epiphysis
b)
diaphysis
c)
endosteum
d)
periosteum
3.
The hardest, most dense part of the bone tissue is the
a)
periosteum
b)
spongy bone
c)
osteoblast
d)
compact bone
4.
This type of bone is porous, allowing blood vessels to move through it and containing bone marrow.
a)
Compact Bone
b)
Spongy or Cancellous Bone
5.
Which of the following is filled with yellow marrrow? 
a)
medulary cavity
b)
spongy bone
c)
periosteum
d)
compact bone
6.
What is structure 8?
a)
trabecular bone
b)
periosteum
c)
yellow marrow
d)
medullary cavity
7.
Where are blood cells made? 
a)
Yellow marrow 
b)
Red marrow
c)
Spongy Bone 
d)
Periosteum
8.
If cartilage remains in this "specific" area, then growth is still occurring; it is located at the end of long bone
a)
Epipyseal plate
b)
 Medulary Cavity 
c)
Diaphysis 
d)
Endosteum 
9.
The ends of the long bone are anatomically referred to as the: 
a)
Epiphyseal plate 
b)
Medulary Cavity 
c)
Periosteum 
d)
Epiphysis 
10.
OUTER COVERING OF BONE THAT COVERS DIAPHYSIS AND IS LOCATION WHERE MUSCLES ATTACH
a)
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
b)
OSTEON
c)
HAVERSIAN CANAL
d)
PERIOSTEUM
11.
Covering on the end of the bones as represented in structure D. Also on the end of B.  Provides protection
a)
red bone marrow
b)
yellow bone marrow
c)
articular cartilage
d)
medullary cavity
12.
Covering on the end of the bones as represented in structure D. Also on the end of B.  Provides protection
a)
red bone marrow
b)
yellow bone marrow
c)
articular cartilage
d)
medullary cavity
13.
Structure #2 is the 
a)
medullary cavity
b)
periosteum
c)
epiphysis
d)
diaphysis
14.
The shiny white substance at #8 is the 
a)
articular cartilage
b)
periosteum
c)
yellow marrow
d)
diaphysis
15.
Structure #5 is the 
a)
medullary cavity
b)
periosteum
c)
epiphysis
d)
diaphysis
16.
Structure #5 is the 
a)
medullary cavity
b)
periosteum
c)
epiphysis
d)
diaphysis
17.
Structure #7 is the 
a)
medullary cavity
b)
periosteum
c)
epiphysis
d)
diaphysis
18.
In adults, the substance at #6 would be 
a)
red marrow
b)
yellow marrow
c)
spongy bone
d)
clotted blood
19.
Question Image

Identify each of the following:

a)

B

1.

concentric lamellae

b)

C

2.

Haversian Canal

c)

A

3.

Periosteum

d)

E

4.

Lacuna

e)

D

5.

Lamellae

20.
Question Image

Identify each of the following:

a)

H

1.

Haversian System

b)

G

2.

Endosteum

c)

F

3.

Canaliculi

21.

What does this picture show?

a)

osteon

b)

hair follicle

c)

hyaline cartilage

d)

flat bone

22.

Identify the structures circled in red

a)

osteons

b)

haversian canal

c)

osteocyte is lacunae

d)

medullary cavity

23.

Identify the structures circled in red

a)

osteon

b)

haversian canal

c)

osteocyte in lacuna

d)

volkmann's canal

24.

Identify the structures that are boxed

a)

osteon

b)

lamellae

c)

volkmann's canal

d)

haversian canal

25.
The functional unit that makes up compact bone is called the
a)
Osteon
b)
Trabeculae
c)
Central Canal
d)
Osteocyte
26.
What is B pointing to?
a)
Osteocyte
b)
Canaliculi
c)
Lacunae
d)
Lamellae
27.
what are the rings around the haversian canal called?
a)
lacunae
b)
lamella
c)
osteocyte
d)
volkmann's canal
28.

What can be found in the central canal of the haversian canal system?

a)

osteocytes

b)

lamella

c)

blood vessels and nerves

d)

red blood cells

29.

Compact bone is made of

a)

trabeculae

b)

osteons

c)

canaliculi

d)

central canals

30.

DETERMINE WHICH XRAY BELONGS TO WHICH FRACTURE TYPE

a)

1.

TRANSVERSE

b)

2.

OBLIQUE

c)

3.

GREENSTICK

d)

4.

SPIRAL

e)

5.

COMMINUTED

31.

IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING

a)

1.

COMPOUND

b)

2.

SPRAIN/SOFT TISSUE INJURY

c)

3.

SIMPLE

32.

IDENTIFY THE LIGAMENT

A
B
33.

IDENTIFY THE TENDON

A
B
34.

A female patient is brought to the emergency room with an injury to her lower leg from an ATV accident. You notice a white tip of a bone protruding through the skin as you cut her pant leg off. Her injury is described as what kind of fracture.

a)

Comminuted

b)

Pathologic

c)

Compound

d)

Stress

35.

Which hormone is released when blood calcium levels rise above homeostasis?

a)

Calcitonin

b)

PTH

c)

Endorphins

d)

Calcitriol

36.

Name of the hormone that increases the levels of calcium in the blood.

a)
Calcitonin
b)
Calcium
c)
Phosphatase
d)
Parathyroid
37.

What type of cell does parathyroid hormone stimulate

a)

osteoblasts

b)

osteoclasts

c)

osteocytes

38.

What type of cells does calcitonin stimulate.

a)

osteoblasts

b)

osteoclasts

c)

osteocytes

39.

What type of feedback loop is the calcium feedback loop?

a)

positive

b)

negative

c)

both, depending on what half of the loop you are looking at

40.

If my blood calcium levels fall, what effector will the brain stimulate?

a)

osteoblasts

b)

osteoclasts

c)

thyroid gland

d)

parathyroid gland

41.

If my blood calcium levels rise, what effector will the brain stimulate?

a)

osteoblasts

b)

osteoclasts

c)

thyroid gland

d)

parathyroid gland

42.

Reorder the following ... from calcium being TOO LOW and then TOO HIGH!

a)

PARATHYROID HORMONE IS SECRETED WHICH CAUSES OSTEOCLASTS TO BREAK DOWN BONE AND RELEASE CA2+!

b)

PARATHYROID HORMONE ALSO CAUSES MORE CA2+ to be absorbed from the intestines!

c)

PARATHYROID HORMONE IS CUT OFF WHICH CAUSES CALCIUM TO BE STORED INTO THE BONE!

d)

THYROID GLAND RELEASES CALCITONIN WHICH CAUSES OSTEOBLASTS TO DEPOSIT CALCIUM IN THE BONE!

1)
2)
3)
4)
43.

When the blood calcium level is too low the (a)   Gland stimulates calcium uptake in the kidneys and releases active Vitamin D.

Vitamin D then stimulates an increase in calcium uptake in the intestine.

44.

When there is an increase in calcium level the (a)   gland is activated and releases calcitonin that stimulates calcium deposition in bones and reduces calcium uptake in kidneys that brings calcium level back to set point.

45.

IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING JOINT TYPES:

a)

HINGE JOINT

b)

SADDLE JOINT

c)

PLANE JOINT

d)

ELLIPSOID JOINT

e)

PIVOT JOINT

f)

BALL AND SOCKET JOINT

1
2
3
4
5
6
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
46.

Which type of joint is generally immovable?

a)

Synovial

b)

Fibrous

c)

Cartilaginous

47.

Sutures of the skull are what type of joint?

a)

Fibrous

b)

Cartilaginous

c)

Synovial

48.

Intervertebral discs are what kind of joint?

a)

Fibrous

b)

Cartilaginous

c)

Synovial

49.

IDENTIFY EACH OF THE FOLLOWING PARTS OF THE SYNOVIAL JOINT

a)

LOWER BONE

b)

ARTICULAR CAPSULE

c)

SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE

d)

BONE

e)

ARTICULAR CARTILAGE

f)

JOINT CAVITY CONTAINING SYNOVIAL FLUID

1
2
3
4
5
6
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
50.

cushions of synovial fluid that aid the movement of tendons as they glide over bony parts 

(a)  

51.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following

Ball shaped surface that fits into a concave socket 

Complete range of motion; widest range of all joints

Oval shaped surface that fits into an elliptical surface 

In 2 planes at right angles to each other 

Articulating surfaces, usually flat

Gliding; a nonaxial movement 

Spool-shaped surface that fits into a concave surface 

In 1 plane about a single axis, like a door hinge 

Ball and socket
Ellipsoid
Gliding
Hinge
52.

Johnny is running at soccer practice and all of a sudden falls down in pain. He is brought into the athletic trainer. The trainer describes his condition as "You have a tear in your knee joint that has resulted in over-stretching of the tissue that holds your femur bone and tibia together. Which part of a synovial joint did Johnny injure?

a)

Articular cartilage

b)

Ligament

c)

Bursae

d)

Synovial joint fluid

e)

Joint capsule

53.

You are conditioning for an iron man competition! To prepare, you build muscles in your arms by performing bicep curls as shown below. What joint connecting your humerus to your radius and ulna allows you to complete a bicep curl?

a)

Ball and socket

b)

Saddle

c)

Hinge

d)

Gliding

e)

Pivot

54.

You are doing jumping jacks. What joint found both in the shoulder and hip allows for the wide range of motion in your arms and legs during this movement?

a)

Ball and socket

b)

Hinge

c)

Ellipsoid

d)

Saddle

e)

Pivot

55.

You are in watching a scary movie. At scariest part, you hear a noise outside. Sitting on your couch, you turn your head to look behind you out the window. What joint between the atlas and axis allows you to perform this motion?

a)

Ellipsoid

b)

Pivot

c)

Ball and socket

d)

Gliding

e)

Saddle

56.

You are doing the fitness challenge in PE and one requirement includes pull ups! To complete he pull up you must grasp on the pull up bar in order to complete the task. What joint connecting the last carpal bone in your hand to the first metacarpal bone in your thumb  allows for the grasping of the pull up bar?

a)

Ball and socket

b)

Gliding

c)

Ellipsoid

d)

Saddle

e)

Pivot

57.

Identify the components of the lever system

a)

effort

b)

fulcrum

c)

resistance

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)
58.

Identify the class of lever shown

A
B
C
59.

Identify the class of lever shown

A
B
C
60.

Identify the class of lever shown

A
B
C
61.

Determine the mechanical advantage

62.

Determine the mechanical advantage

63.

Determine the mechanical advantage

64.

Organize these options into the right categories

Categorize the following
First Class
Second Class
Third Class
65.

Identify the first class lever

A
B
C
66.

Identify the second class lever

A
B
C
67.

Identify the third class lever

A
B
C
68.

Identify each of the following:

a)

Effort

b)

Fulcrum

c)

Resistance

1
2
3
1)
2)
3)

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