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Sci 8 - Earth's Layers, Plates, Geologic History Review

Total questions: 111

Worksheet time: 2hrs 2mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Label each part of the Earth's interior.

a)

Outer Core

b)

Crust

c)

Asthenosphere

d)

Inner Core

e)

Mantle

1
2
3
4
5
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
2.

Which layer has convection currents?

a)

Stiffer Mantle

b)

Outer Core

c)

Asthenosphere

d)

Crust

3.
How do geologists observe Earth’s interior?
a)
by studying constructive forces 
b)
by directly looking under many layers 
c)
by recording and studying seismic waves
4.

Scientists think that convection currents that move the plates flow in Earth's

a)

Continental crust

b)

Oceanic crust

c)

Mantle/Asthenosphere

d)

Lithosphere

5.

Oceanic crust is ____________ and ____________ than continental crust

a)

thinner, less dense

b)

thinner, more dense

c)

thicker, less dense

d)

thicker, more dense

6.

Which layer of the earth is made of LIQUID iron and nickel?

a)

Inner core

b)

Outer core

c)

Manthe

d)

Crust

7.

All continents were once joined together as a supercontinent called

a)

Pangaea

b)

Cocos

8.

Which of the following increases as depth increases into the Earth? (choose all that apply)

a)

time

b)

Pressure

c)

temperature

d)

density

9.

Evidence that the continents were once joined together

a)

South America and Africa fit together like puzzle pieces

b)

South America and Africa share fossils of Mesosaurus and Glossopteris

c)

South America and Africa both have rocks of the same age

d)

all of the above

10.

Evidence of continental drift =

· matching _______ & _______on continents now separated by oceans

· South America and _______ fit together like puzzle pieces

a)

rocks only, Africa

b)

rocks & fossils, Asia

c)

rocks & fossils, Africa

d)

rocks & fossils, Asia & Africa

11.

Rock layers are deposited _____________

a)

vertically

b)

horizontally

c)

vertically & horizontally

12.

Evidence of crustal movement =

a)

faulting

b)

folding

c)

tilting

13.

Evidence of crustal movement =

a)

faulting

b)

folding

c)

tilting

14.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
15.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
16.
Name the boundary
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
17.
In the image, which type of boundary is shown? Hint: its located in the state of California. 
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform fault
18.
What kind of plate boundary is shown here?
a)
divergent
b)
convergent
c)
transform
d)
strike slip
19.
A boundary where two plates move away from each other.
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
20.
A boundary where two plates slide past each other.
a)
convergent boundary
b)
convergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
21.
A boundary where two plates collide into  each other.
a)
convergent boundary
b)
divergent boundary
c)
transform boundary
d)
sergent boundary
22.

The crust and upper mantle form the ____________ = plates

a)

continental crust

b)

oceanic crust

c)

lithosphere

d)

asthenosphere

23.

Earth's surface is broken into pieces called __

a)

Jigsaw puzzle

b)

Pattern

c)

Plate boundary

d)

Tectonic Plates

24.

Which is more dense?

a)

Continental Crust

b)

Oceanic Crust

25.

Since oceanic crust is more dense than continental crust, when the two collide, oceanic crust will _________

a)

sink or subduct

b)

sink or rise

c)

rise or converge

26.
The circular arrows inside the Earth's Mantle represent what type of motion, that drives ALL plate movement?  
a)
Convergent Boundary
b)
Ocean Currents
c)
Convection Currents
d)
Transform Boundary
27.
True or False : Sea-floor Spreading adds new material to the ocean floor?
a)
True
b)
False
28.

New rock forms at _________ boundaries along _________ when two plates separate and ________ rises into the ocean and cools/solidifies.

a)

Divergent; Mid-Ocean Ridges; magma

b)

Convergent; Oceanic Trenches; lava

29.

As distance from the ridge increases, the age of oceanic crust

a)

increases (gets older)

b)

decreases (gets younger)

c)

remains the same

30.
The OLDEST seafloor is located? 
a)
Closest to the mid-ocean ridge
b)
Farthest from the mid-ocean ridge
31.

Rock gets recycled or "trashed" at

a)

Mid-ocean ridges

b)

Oceanic Trenches

32.

At oceanic trenches, oceanic crust ___________ under continental crust because it is ________ dense.

a)

subducts (sinks); more

b)

rises; less

c)

subducts (sinks); less

d)

rises; more

33.

Match the following

a)
1.

divergent

b)
2.

convergent

c)
3.

transform

34.
Where are earthquakes and volcanoes likely to occur?
a)
anywhere
b)
at boundary plates (fault lines)
c)
on mountains
35.

The map in the picture shows tectonic plate boundaries. This map would be useful in predicting the location of future

a)

droughts

b)

hurricanes

c)

earthquakes

d)

tornadoes

36.

What are the geologic features associated with divergent boundaries?

a)

Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and volcanic activity

b)

Mountain ranges, deserts, and glaciers

c)

Tectonic plates, earthquakes, and tsunamis

d)

Canyons, lakes, and forests

37.

Give an example of a divergent boundary on land.

a)

Sahara Desert in Africa

b)

Amazon Rainforest in South America

c)

Mount Everest in Asia

d)

Great Rift Valley in East Africa

38.

Which of the following is an example of a divergent plate boundary?

a)

San Andreas Fault

b)

Mid Atlantic Ridge

c)

Eurasian - Indian Plates (formation of the Himalayas)

39.

Name the Boundary-

boundaries are spreading apart under water

a)

Divergent Boundary between

Oceanic Crust + Oceanic Crust

 

Ex.) Mid-Ocean Ridge

b)

Divergent Boundary between

 Continental Crust + Continental Crust

 

Ex.) Rift Valley

c)

Convergent Boundary between

Oceanic Crust + Oceanic Crust

 

Ex.) Volcanic Island

d)

Transform Boundary

Ex.) Earthquake

40.

Name the plate boundary.

a)

Divergent Boundary between

Oceanic Crust + Oceanic Crust

 

Ex.) Mid-Ocean Ridge

 

b)

Divergent Boundary between

 Continental Crust + Continental Crust

 

Ex.) Rift Valley

c)

Convergent Boundary between

Oceanic Crust + Oceanic Crust

 

Ex.) Volcanic Island

d)

Convergent Boundary between

Continental Crust + Continental Crust

 

Ex.) Mountains

41.

At oceanic trenches, oceanic crust ___________ under continental crust because it is ________ dense.

a)

subducts (sinks); more

b)

rises; less

c)

subducts (sinks); less

d)

rises; more

42.

What is a subduction zone?

a)

A region where one tectonic plate is forced underneath another.

b)

A place where two tectonic plates move apart

c)

A location where tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

d)

An area where tectonic plates are stationary and do not move

43.

What are the geologic features associated with convergent boundaries?

a)

Deep ocean trenches, volcanic island arcs, and mountain ranges

b)

Islands, coral reefs, and atolls

c)

Faults, fracture zones, and earthquakes

d)

Mid-ocean ridges, rift valleys, and volcanoes

44.

What are the geologic features associated with transform boundaries?

a)

Volcanoes and magma

b)

Tropical storms and hurricanes

c)

Faults, fracture zones, and earthquakes

d)

Mountains and valleys

45.

Which of the following is a convergent boundary?

a)

Peru-Chile Trench

b)

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

c)

Southeast-Indian Ridge

d)

San Andreas Fault

46.

Give an example of a transform boundary.

a)

The San Andreas Fault in California

b)

The Great Rift Valley in East Africa

c)

The Andes Mountains in South America

d)

The Amazon Rainforest in South America

47.

What type of plate boundary is associated with the creation of mountain ranges?

a)

Transform plate boundary

b)

Divergent plate boundary

c)

Convergent plate boundary

d)

Subduction plate boundary

48.

Which of the following is an example of a divergent plate boundary?

a)

San Andreas Fault

b)

Mid Atlantic Ridge

c)

Eurasian - Indian Plates (formation of the Himalayas)

49.

Which of the following is an example of a convergent plate boundary?

a)

San Andreas Fault

b)

Mid-Atlantic Ridge

c)

Indian to Eurasian Plates (formation of Himalayas)

50.

What type of Boundary is this? What event will occur at this boundary?

a)

Transform / Earthquakes

b)

Subduction / Volcano Eruption

c)

Tornado / Rain

d)

Mountain Building / Volcanism

51.
Where are earthquakes and volcanoes likely to occur?
a)
anywhere
b)
at boundary plates (fault lines)
c)
on mountains
52.

Name the Plate Boundary

a)

  Convergent Boundaries

between

       Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust

Ex.) Subduction Zone

b)

    Convergent Boundaries

between

Oceanic Crust and Oceanic Crust

Ex) Island

c)

Convergent Boundaries

between

Continental Crust and Continental Crust

Ex.) Mtn Building

d)

Transform Boundary

53.

Name the Plate Boundary

a)

Transform Boundary

between

Oceanic Crust and Oceanic Crust

Ex. Earthquake

   

b)

Convergent Boundaries

between 

Continental Crust and Continental Crust

 

Ex.) Mtn Building

c)

Convergent Boundaries

between 

Oceanic Crust and Oceanic Crust

 

Ex.) Volcanic Island

d)

 

Divergent Boundaries

between 

Oceanic Crust  and Oceanic Crust

 

Ex.) Mid-Ocean Ridge- Ocean Mountain Range

54.

Name the Plate Boundary

a)

Convergent Boundary

 

b)

Divergent Boundary

 

c)

Transform Boundary

55.

Name the plate boundary that forms mountains

a)

Transform Boundary

 

b)

Convergent Boundaries

between 

 Continental Crust and Continental Crust

 

c)

Convergent Boundaries

between 

Oceanic Crust and Oceanic Crust

   

d)

Convergent Boundaries

between 

Oceanic Crust and Continental Crust

56.

Which model represents volcanoes forming by subduction?

a)

b)

c)

d)

57.

Where are most of the active volcanoes?

a)

Hawaii

b)

The United States

c)

The Atlantic Ocean

d)

The Ring of Fire

58.

The map in the picture shows tectonic plate boundaries. This map would be useful in predicting the location of future

a)

droughts

b)

hurricanes

c)

earthquakes

d)

tornadoes

59.

Observe this diagram of a plate boundary. One statement BEST describes what is happening. It is that

a)

the oceanic crust is melting.

b)

the denser ceanic crust is subducting under the less dense oceanic crust

c)

volcanic islands are forming.

d)

the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.

60.

What types of landforms are formed at convergent boundaries?

PICK TWO

a)

volcanoes

b)

new crust

c)

Trenches

d)

rift valley

61.

What happens when two continental plates collide at a convergent boundary?

a)

Mountains are formed and earthquakes can occur.

b)

The plates separate and new oceanic crust is formed.

c)

The plates slide past each other and no significant geological events occur.

d)

Volcanoes are formed and tsunamis can occur.

62.

What two geologic features occur near every subduction zone?

a)

Volcanoes and Trenches

b)

Rift Valleys and Mid Ocean Ridges

c)

Volcanoes and Rift Valleys

d)

Mid Ocean Ridges and Trenches

63.
How do geologists observe Earth’s interior?
a)
by studying constructive forces 
b)
by directly looking under many layers 
c)
by recording and studying seismic waves
64.

Rock layers are originally deposited _____________

a)

vertically

b)

horizontally

c)

vertically & horizontally

65.

Evidence of crustal movement =

a)

faulting

b)

folding

c)

tilting

66.

A ________________ is a break in Earth's crust

a)

intrusion

b)

fault

c)

extrusion

d)

igneous rock

67.

Evidence of crustal movement =

a)

faulting

b)

folding

c)

tilting

68.

Earthquakes and volcanoes are found

a)

at plate boundaries

b)

in water

c)

on land

d)

in the sky

69.
P waves move through____
a)
Solids only
b)
Liquids only
c)
Solids and Liquids
d)
None of these
70.
S waves move through
a)
Solids only
b)
Liquids only
c)
Solids and liquids
d)
None of these
71.

Which diagram correctly models the relative plate motion on each side of a mid-ocean ridge?

a)
b)
c)
d)
72.

What plate boundary feature is also shown?

a)

A ridge formed by a convergent boundary

b)

A valley forming at an divergent boundary

c)

A fault forming at a transform boundary

d)

A volcano formed by a convergent boundary

73.

Tsunamis are caused by

a)

underwater disturbances such as earthquakes, landslides, and volcanoes.

b)

wind and the gravitational pull of the moon.

74.

Tsunamis warning given = move to _____________ ground

a)

higher

b)

lower

75.
Where is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the focus of an earthquake?
a)
Epicenter
b)
Fault
c)
Hypocenter
d)
Tremor
76.

Which rock type is the oldest?

a)

rock type 2

b)

rock type 3

c)

rock type 4

77.

Which rock layer most likely contains fossils of the most recently evolved organisms

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

78.

Which can most likely be concluded about the top layer of rock seen in an undisturbed cliff wall?

a)

The top layer is older than layers located farther down the cliff.

b)

The top layer is younger than layers located farther down the cliff.

c)

The top layer contains more fossils than layers located farther down the cliff.

79.

The __________of rocks is the exact numerical age of a rock.

a)

relative age

b)

half-life

c)

absolute age

80.

Geologist use _________ to determine the absolute age of rocks.

a)

absolute age dating

b)

relative age dating

c)

radioactive dating

81.

Fossils are found in ____________________________ rock

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

82.

If you found an index fossil in a layer of rock in Montana and a similar fossil in a layer of rock in Texas, you would know that:

a)

the fossils and rock layers are the same age

b)

the fossils from Montana are older

c)

the fossils from England are older

d)

none of the above

83.

The relative age of a rock determines

a)

whether its older or younger than other rocks.

b)

its exact age.

84.
Which layer formed first?
a)
Rock Layer W
b)
Rock Layer X
c)
Rock Layer Y
d)
Rock Layer Z
85.

What are the oldest fossils and why?

a)

B, C- because they are closest to the top

b)

A, B- because they are closest to the bottom

c)

They are all the same age- because they are all found on layer 2

d)

A, B- because they are found closest to the top

86.
How do fossils provide evidence that evolution has happened on Earth?
a)
Fossils show how the sizes of certain animals has changed drastically over millions of years
b)
Fossils show that some species have gone extinct
c)
Fossils show how life forms present today are different than those from the past
d)
Different sedimentary rock layers provide evidence for how the environment has changed over time
87.
Which rock layer contains the newest fossils?
a)
F
b)
E
c)
B
d)
C
88.
Which fossil makes the best index fossil?
a)
Fossil 1
b)
Fossil 2
c)
Fossil 3
d)
None follow all of the rules
89.

A record of the geological events and the evolution of life on Earth, as seen by fossil record is:

a)

era

b)

geologic time scale

c)

period

d)

time line

90.

The Earth is about __________yeras old.

a)

50.6 million years

b)

4.6 billion years old

c)

4.6 million years old

d)

4.6 trillion years old

91.

  A _____________________ is the remains or evidence of an ancient organism.

a)

paleontologist 

b)

 fossil

c)

preserved

d)

extinct

92.

Most organisms that have once lived have

a)

 continued to survive

b)

been perfectly preserved

c)

gone extinct

93.
Why is it important to study fossils?
a)

 Fossils are evidence of organisms that lived long ago & evolution

b)

Fossils are fortune tellers.

c)

Fossils are fun to study.

d)

Fossils are found everywhere in the world.

94.

The Geologic Time Scale is separated into specific time periods based on

a)

dinosaurs

b)

plants

c)

oxygen

d)

fossil evidence

95.

When did a mass extinction of dinosaurs and many land plants occur?

a)

65.5 mya

b)

251 mya

c)

300 mya

d)

440 mya

96.
Letter "F" is a....
a)
inclusion
b)
intrusion
c)
fault
d)
unconformity 
97.
Older rocks and fossils tend to be at the.....
a)
Top
b)
Bottom
98.
Which layer is the oldest?
a)
D
b)
C
c)
B
d)
A
99.
Faults are younger than the rocks they cut. True or False
a)
True
b)
False
100.

The division of Earth's geologic history into units of time called eons, eras, periods, and epochs is based on

a)

absolute dating techniques

b)

fossil evidence

c)

climatic changes

d)

seismic data

101.

Studies of the rock record suggest that

a)

the period during which humans have existed is very brief compared to geologic time

b)

evidence of the existence of humans is present over much of the geologic past

c)

humans first appeared at the time of the intrusion of the Palisades sill

d)

the earliest humans lived at the same time as the dinosaurs

102.

What is the most recent feature shown?

a)

The intrusion, D

b)

Layer C

c)

The fault, E

d)

Layer A

103.

Put the layers in order from oldest to youngest:

a)

E, D, A, B, C

b)

C, B, A, D, E

c)

C, D, B, A, E

d)

C, B, D, A, E

104.

These geologic cross sections show the location of three fossilized species (W, X, and Y) found in rock layers at two nearby sites. Species X is probably the oldest species because it was found -

a)

below species W

b)

in the lowest layer

c)

above the ash layer

d)

in sandstone

105.
Which of the following is the youngest?
a)
Intrusion X
b)
Fault Y
c)
Layer Z
d)
Fossil W
106.

How many million years ago was the origin of the Earth and solar system?

a)

1600

b)

2600

c)

3600

d)

4600

107.

What event changed the horizontal bedrock in this picture?

a)

Fault

b)

Tilting

c)

Folding

d)

Extrusion

108.

Asteroid impacts are thought to have caused mass (extinctions, parties).

a)

extinctions

b)

parties

109.

Age of Earth ______ Billion years or _______ million years, age of universe 13.8 (million, billion) years

a)

4.6, 4,600, billion

b)

4,600 4.6, billion

110.

For most of Earth’s history (all kinds of life, only simple life) forms existed

a)

all kinds of

b)

only simple life

111.

Most of the species that have ever existed on Earth (will never become, has already become) extinct.

a)

will never become

b)

has already become

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