Which transcription factor binds the DNA first in eukaryotes?

General elongation factor _____ is present in the paused and activated elongation complex but changes conformation between the two complexes.

Which elongation factor stabilizes the paused state of RNA Polymerase 2?

Which elongation factors block further binding of NELF, which allows RNA polymerase 2 to resume elongation?

True or False? In mammalian genes with a TATA box promoters, enhancers may be either upstream or downstream from the transcription start site.

Which of the following phosphorylates NELF, DSIF, and the CTD of RNA Polymerase II?

Which of the following is a class of RNA transcribed by RNA Polymerase I?

True or false? miRNA and siRNA are made differently, but interact with the target molecule miRNA in exactly the same fashion.

The synthesis of RNA takes place in the _____ of RNA polymerase II.

Synthesized RNA exits the _____ of RNA polymerase II (specifically RBP1, the first polypeptide of RNA Pol 2).

True or false? Promoter-proximal elements and enhancers are regulatory elements present in DNA that are neither gene nor cell-type-specific.

TFII-H kinase INITIALLY phosphorylates (upon transition from initiation to elongation) which residues in the CTD of RNA Polymerase II?

Highly transcribed regions in genes have phosphorylated CTDS. T or F?

T or F? The core promoter elements (BRE, TATA, Initiator, DPE) box is on the nontemplate strand.

Which of the following core promoter elements is TFII-B associated with?

Which of the following core promoter elements is TFII-D associated with?

Which of the following are general transcription factors of RNA Pol 1?

Which of the following are general transcription factors of RNA Pol 3?

Which of the following core promoter elements is RNA Pol 2 associated with?

True or False: The C-terminal domain of RNA Polymerase II (CTD) is phosphorylated in the PIC complex (prior to TFII-E and TFII-H joining)

In generation of clusters of identical DNA fragments (MASSIVE parallel DNA sequencing) attached to a solid support, the original strand is washed away, true or false?

Which of the following elements is required to convert RNA to DNA?

Which region of the antibody communicates with other immune cells to destroy the antigen?

Which region of the antibody recognizes the antigen?

T or F? ChIP occurs in-vitro.

TATA box containing promoters are highly transcribed. True or False?

In viewing results from ChIP on a graph from a bidirectional promoter (CpG islands), what would you expect to see in terms of the peaks?

In viewing results from a procedure similar to immunoprecipitation, what would you expect to see in terms of the peaks of a bidirectional promoter (CpG islands)?

Which general transcription factor has both helicase and kinase activity?

Strain on DNA structure assists the ____ N-terminal region and ____ to melt the DNA at the transcription start site, forming the transcription bubble.

True or False? Promoter-proximal regulatory elements are usually functional if moved (position independent), while enhancers (distal regulatory elements) are position dependent and usually non-functional if moved.

True or False? Promoter-proximal regulatory elements drive transcription in one direction only.

In a protein, motifs refer to ______ and domains refer to ______.

Which of the following motifs is DNA binding and characterized by regularly spaced cysteines, histidines, and a hydrophobic amino acid?

Match the domains of the receptor/transcriptional activator to their location on the protein:

• A) N-terminal region

• B) Center region

• C) C-terminal region

Which domain is responsible for the translocation of the lipid-Hormone receptors/transcription activators to the nucleus?

Which histone protein is NOT part of the nucleosome octamer core?

Transcription activators bound to enhancer interact with various proteins, co-activators, and other transcription factors. Which of the following is NOT a type of protein that interacts with transcriptional activators bound to enhancers?

True or False: Activators/coactivators stimulate the assembly of preinitiation complexes and move nucleosomes away from the promoters.

Which of the following motifs mediates the interaction between two polypeptides to make a dimer activator (has a stretch of hydrophobicity when a coil is formed)?

True or false? Although genetically inactive, heterochromatin is accessible to transcriptional machinery.

True or false? Pioneer transcription factors are NOT activators.

The _-termini of histones are modified by post-translational modifications (PTMs).

In yeast, two mating type loci, ___ and ___, are constantly repressed through chromatin structure.

____ is a repressor molecule that binds to telomeric repeats and recruits co-factors.

___ & ___ are co-repressors that bind to each other and bind to deacetylated histone tails (H3 and H4 N-terminal tails)

____ is a co-repressor that also functions as a histone-deacetylase and removes acetyl groups from the lysines of histone tails

How many alternative transcripts can be produced by the DSCAM gene in Drosophila?

There are ___ possible isoforms of a membrane Ca++ -activated K+ channel

from a single mRNA.

In the regulation of sexual differentiation in drosophila, ___ is a transcription factor that can work as an activator or repressor depending on an event of alternative splicing.

In the regulation of sexual differentiation in drosophila, ___ is an RNA binding protein that acts as an activator of splicing of specific exons

In the regulation of sexual differentiation in drosophila, ___ is an RNA binding protein that acts as an suppressor of splicing of specific exons

Lysine (K) → Arginine (R) substitutions in histone tails maintain permanent gene _______ at telomeres.

Lysine (K) → Glutamine (E) substitutions in histone tails maintain permanent gene _______ at telomeres.

Acetylation of the histone tails ______ their positive charge and _______ transcription

True or False? The 5’ end of the mRNA transcript is capped by 7m-Guanosine before RNA polymerase II associates with NEFL and DSIF (elongation inhibitors)

Match the type of signalling to the description:

Affects target cells some distance from site of synthesis

Match the type of signalling to the description:

Cells respond to signals that they produce

Which of the following secondary messengers are water-soluble?

Which of the following secondary messengers are lipid-soluble?

Match the type of signalling to the description:

Affects target cells in close proximity

What is GAP in a GPCR signalling pathway?

Which subunit of the tyrosine kinase has an activation loop?

True or False? Phosphorylation of the catalytic centers of the protein kinases leads to dimerization of the protein kinases.

In the MAP Kinase signalling pathway, Ras is a...

Which of the following domains is involved in signal transduction?

Which of the following residues is the SH2 domain within GRB2 highly specific to?

The association between Ras and Raf means activation of the GTPase activity of ___

____ acts as a GEF (Guanine nucleotide exchange factor) that activates Ras by replacing GDP with GTP

14-3-3 is dedicated inhibitor of ___

___ goes to the nucleus and phosphorylates a transcriptional factor.

True or False? There is no second messenger molecule present in the Ras/MAP Kinase pathway.

True or False? Ras, an oncogene that ultimately changes the expression of Fos (another oncogene), is a G-switch protein that transmits a signal through a GPCR.

In the MAP Kinase pathway, when ERK (MAPK) goes into the nucleus, what does it do?

In the MAPK pathway, how many transcription factors are needed to sit on the SRE (Considered a mini-enhancer upstream of the promoter)?

Which kinase phosphorylates SRF (which ultimately binds to the SRE)

True or False? PI 3-phosphates and PI diphosphates (second messengers) contain PH domains.

In the PI-3 kinase phosphoinositide signaling pathways, PI-3 kinase produces which of the following second messengers?

True or False? In unstimulated cells, PI2 and PI3 are high.

True or False? Inactive PKB (a kinase) exists in the cytosol.

After translocating to the membrane, membrane-bound PKB is phosphorylated by ___ and ___, thus becoming fully activated.

True or False? CDKs promote their own activation and inactivation.