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PBS 2.2.1-2.2.2

Total questions: 74

Worksheet time: 54mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
The structure shown in the diagram is a _____________?
a)
chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
d)
DNA
2.
What structure is the red arrow pointing to?
a)
chromosome
b)
centromere
c)
chromatid
d)
centriole
3.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
a)
46
b)
21
c)
10
4.
Which structures are indicated by the green arrows?
a)
sister chromatids
b)
chromosomes
c)
spindle fibers
d)
centrioles
5.
Highly coiled strand of DNA
a)
Chromatin
b)
Chromosome
c)
Sister Chromatid
d)
Centeromere
6.
Attaches the two identical sister chromatids to form a chromosome. 
a)
Chromatin
b)
Chromosomes
c)
Sister Chromatid
d)
Centromere
7.
What structure is the blue arrow pointing to?
a)
chromatid
b)
chromosome
c)
centromere
d)
centriole
8.

A _________ is DNA tightly coiled around proteins.

a)

gene

b)

chromosome

c)

trait

d)

mutation

9.
The structure that holds two chromosomes together until they separate for cell division is the
a)
chromatid
b)
chromatin
c)
centromere
d)
cytoplasm
10.
Each identical side of a chromosome is the 
a)
centromere
b)
chromatin
c)
centriole
d)
chromatid
11.

Structure (c) is a ____. Hint: It is one half of the X shape.

a)

chromosome

b)

chromatid

c)

centromere

12.

The 2 exact copies of DNA in a chromosome are called ________.

a)

chromatids

b)

genes

c)

mutations

d)

pathogens

13.
Where does a cell contain its genetic material?
a)
nucleus
b)
nucleolus
c)
cytoskeleton
d)
chloroplasts
14.

Cancer is

a)

not caught by cell cycle checkpoints

b)

caused by mutations in genes.

c)

uncontrolled cellular division.

d)

all of the above.

15.
When cancer spreads to other tissues of the body, it is called...
a)
Metastasis
b)
Invasiveness
c)
Angiogenesis
d)
Chemotherapy
16.
What is cancer?
a)
The heart does not receive enough blood.
b)
Sudden disruption of blood flow to part of the brain.
c)
Blood filled weak spot.
d)
Uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells.
17.

Describe the characteristics of cancer cells that make them easy to culture in the laboratory.

a)

Cancer cells grow quickly and can divide indefinitely

b)

Cancer cells are difficult to culture in the laboratory

c)

Cancer cells do not grow in the laboratory

d)

Cancer cells require specialized conditions to grow in the laboratory

18.

What are the characteristics of cancer cells that distinguish them from normal cells?

a)

Uncontrolled growth, no changes in adherence, and contact inhibition

b)

Uncontrolled growth, changes in adherence, and loss of contact inhibition

c)

Controlled growth, changes in adherence, and loss of contact inhibition

d)

Uncontrolled growth, changes in adherence, and contact inhibition

19.
DNA codes for...
a)
cholesterol
b)
proteins
c)
fatty acids
d)
a sandwich
20.
Which process is shown?
a)
diffusion
b)
repiration
c)
recombination
d)
translation
21.
Which of the following is the blueprint for the production of RNA within a cell?
a)
DNA
b)
protein
c)
ATO
d)
carbohydrate
22.
What is the relationship between a protein, the cell, and DNA?
a)
DNA is produced by protein which is produced in the cell
b)
Protein is composed of DNA which is produced in the cell
c)
DNA controls the production of protein in the cell
d)
A cell is composed of DNA and protein
23.
What is occurring in this picture?
a)
Translation
b)
DNA Replication
c)
Polymerase is unzipping the DNA
d)
Transcription
24.

In which part of the cell does this process take place

a)

at the ribosomes

b)

in the nucleus

c)

in food vacuoles

d)

on the chromosome

25.

What is structure V?

a)

amino acid

b)

codon

c)

gene

d)

DNA molecule

26.

Which of the structures are composed of RNA?

a)

II and IV

b)

I and V

c)

III and V

d)

III and IV

27.
____ means cancerous.
a)
Malignant
b)
Metastesis
c)
Mitosis
d)
Replication
28.
Cancer spreading to another tissue is called
a)
Malignant
b)
Metastesis
c)
Mitosis
d)
Replication
29.
Cancer tumors result from
a)
rapid cell division
b)
rapid DNA replication
c)
slow cell division
d)
long interphase
30.
a)
cell cycle
b)
mitosis
c)
cancer tumor
d)
DNA Replication
31.

A list of possible diseases of disorders based on an individual’s medical history, current symptoms, the results of physical exams, routine testing, and blood work is called a(n) ______ ______ (2 words).

(a)  

32.

Cancer can be defined as ___________ tumors that invade other tissues and spread to other parts of the body in a process called ____________.

a)

benign; mitosis

b)

malignant; metastasis

c)

malignant; interphase

d)

benign; replication

33.

A(n) ___________ is a test which take a closer look at cells to see if they are cancerous.

a)

MRI

b)

blood test

c)

biopsy

d)

metastasis

34.

Which sample of cells are cancerous?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

A and B

d)

neither - both A and B are samples of healthy cells

35.

A feature of cancerous cells, shown in the figure here, is that cancerous cells

a)

have larger (compared to the whole cell) and multiple nuclei.

b)

have smaller (compared to the whole cell) and a single nucleus.

c)

are arranged in an organized manner.

d)

have kept their specialized structures.

36.
What is is called when a tumor proves to be NON cancerous?
a)
malignant
b)
benign
c)
oncogene
d)
byogene
37.

Which of the followings describes a cancerous cells?

a)

Atypical arrangement

b)

maintains organization

c)

specialized

d)

Single nuclei

38.

Which of the following best defines cancerous cells?

a)

Unregulated cell growth

b)

Incapable of creating new DNA

c)

Lack of mitochondria

d)

Slow cell replication

39.

When diagnosing melanoma, which of the following does C stand for in ABCDE?

a)

color change

b)

cyanosis

c)

cold to the touch

d)

carotene present

40.

When diagnosing melanoma, which of the following does B stand for in ABCDE?

a)

bigger than dime

b)

Border

c)

blackish in color

41.

On a scale of 1-10, 1 meaning 'don't worry about it' and 10 being 'go see a dermatologist immediately', how would you classify this image?

a)

1

b)

3

c)

4

d)

10

42.

Apoptosis is

a)

the process of programmed cell death

b)

the process of programmed cell growth

c)

the process of programmed cell birth

d)

the process of programmed cell regulation

43.

Which organelle is the location where protein is made?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

44.

During transcription, this type of ribonucleic acid is responsible for copying the DNA and brining it out of the nucleus.

a)

tRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

rRNA

d)

dRNA

45.

When these bond together, they form a protein

a)

Amino Acids

b)

Peptide Bonds

c)

Ribose

d)

Nucleotides

46.

mRNA occurs during this process

a)

Translation

b)

Transcription

c)

Replication

d)

Delivery

47.

Which of the following is the complementary mRNA sequence to this DNA strand: AACTGAA

a)

UUGACUU

b)

TTGACTT

c)

AACTGAA

d)

AACUGAA

48.
What is the term for a three-nucleotide sequence that codes for an amino acid?
a)
base
b)
codon
c)
amine
d)
serine
49.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
50.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
51.
Genetic info flows in one direction. Which best represents this flow?
a)
DNA-protein-RNA
b)
Protein-RNA-DNA
c)
RNA-protein-DNA
d)
DNA-RNA-protein
52.
What is the location in the cell for transcription?
a)
nucleus
b)
cytoplasm
c)
ribosome
d)
mitochondria
53.

In what process is mRNA synthesized?

a)

Transcription

b)

Translation

c)

DNA Replication

d)

Mitosis

54.

Which organelle contains rRNA and reads the mRNA to synthesize a protein?

a)

Ribosome

b)

Nucleus

c)

Cytoplasm

d)

Nucleotide

55.

What brings the amino acids to the ribosome to assemble a protein?

a)
mRNA
b)
tRNA
c)
rRNA
d)

DNA

56.

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acid?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

57.

What is the location in the cell for translation?

a)

Cytoplasm

b)

Nucleus

c)

Lysosome

d)

Golgi apparatus

58.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

59.
What causes mutations?
a)
Mistakes in replication or environmental substances
b)
The amino acids
c)
Passed down by genetics
d)
It's how your born
60.

A mutation can occur if a base pair is ____________, deleted or substituted for another.

a)

modified

b)

added

c)

transferred

61.

Another name for a point mutation is:

a)

Substitution

b)

Frameshift

c)

Insertion

d)

Deletion

62.

ATTTGAGCC- Original

ATTGAGCC - Mutated

The example above is an example of a

a)

Insertion

b)

Point mutation

c)

Deletion

d)

Substitution

63.

Mutations are random.

a)

True

b)

False

64.

Mutations are SOMETIMES helpful to the organism.

a)

True

b)

False

65.

This type of mutation involves inserting a piece of DNA where it does not belong. Known as a frameshift mutation.

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Deletion Mutation

c)

Insertion Mutation

66.

This type of mutation involves removing a piece of DNA where it belongs.

Known as a frameshift mutation.

a)

Substitution Mutation

b)

Insertion Mutation

c)

Deletion Mutation

67.

Possible negative consequences of mutations could be genetic ____________________ and cancer.

a)

diversity

b)

disorders

c)

dominance

d)

duplication

68.

If a point mutation does not change the order of the amino acid sequence, this is called a:

a)

nonsense mutation

b)

silent mutation

c)

missense mutation

d)

frameshift mutation

69.

Mutations that change a single base pair, usually involving a substitution of one base for another:

a)

chromosomal mutation

b)

polyploidy

c)

translocation

d)

point mutation

70.

Insertions and deletions are also known as:

a)

frameshift mutations

b)

chromosomal mutations

c)

silent mutations

d)

polyploidy

71.

If a mutation codes for "stop" in the amino acid chain, this is called a:

a)

nonsense mutation

b)

missense mutation

c)

silent mutation

d)

frameshift mutation

72.

If UCU is changed to UCC, this is a _______________________________.

a)

silent mutation

b)

missense mutation

c)

nonsense mutation

d)

frameshift mutation

73.

Mutations that change the amino acid specified by the codon, affecting the amino acid sequence, are called:

a)

nonsense mutations

b)

missense mutations

c)

silent mutations

d)

all of the above

74.

Which of the following mutations would be the most likely to affect the resulting protein?

a)

substitution

b)

silent mutation

c)

frameshift mutation

d)

all mutations affect the resulting protein

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