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GENERAL GEOLOGY

Total questions: 90

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
Which is the thinnest layer of the Earth?
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
inner core
d)
outer core
2.
Which is the thickest layer of the Earth?
a)
crust
crust
b)
mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
3.
Mostly rocky material makes up the...
a)
core
b)
mantle
c)
crust and mantle
d)
surface
4.
Iron and nickel make up the Earth's core. Which part of the core is a solid ball?
a)
crust
b)
mantle
c)
outer core
d)
inner core
5.
At which type of boundary do the tectonic plates move away from each other?
a)
sliding transform
b)
convergent
c)
divergent
d)
mantle
6.
At which type of boundary do the tectonic plates move toward each other?
a)
convergent
b)
divergent
c)
sliding transform
d)
Earth's surface
7.
The Earth's plates are constantly in motion most likely because of...
a)
rocks
b)
the ocean
c)
heat
d)
they aren't always in motion
8.
What can we tell by studying fossils and layers of rock?
a)
what state we are in
b)
how the Earth has changed over time
c)
how animals adapted
d)
we don't study fossils
9.
What makes fossils?
a)
plants
b)
animals
c)
other living organisms
d)
all choices listed
10.

The study of the solid earth and the processes that change the physical landscape of the planet is____

a)

Physical Geology

b)

Structural Geology

c)

Historical Geology

d)

Geomorphology

11.

The study of fossils and is concerned not only with their description and classification but also with analysis of the evolution of the organisms involved is _____

a)

Coal Geology

b)

Environmental Geology

c)

Paleontology

d)

Mineralogy

12.

The study of interaction between humans and the geological environment.

a)

Physical Geology

b)

Geomorphology

c)

Historical Geology

d)

Environmental Geology

13.

The movement of sediment from broken rock

a)

Weathering

b)

Erosion

c)

Deposition

d)

Transportation

14.

Results from the alternating freezing and thawing of water

a)

Root Wedging

b)

Exfoliation

c)

Abrasion

d)

Frost Action

15.

It is a chemical breakdown of a substance when combined with water.

a)

Oxidation

b)

Carbonation

c)

Hydration/hydrolysis

d)

Organic activity

16.

It is a seismic waves traveling through the interior of the earth.

a)

Body Waves

b)

Surface Waves

17.

Two types of surface waves

a)

p-waves

b)

l-waves

c)

s-waves

d)

r-waves

18.

Is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock, rock fractures or unconsolidated materials.

a)

Groundwater

b)

Aquifer

c)

Borehole

d)

Well

19.
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel?
a)
coal
b)
oil
c)
uranium
d)
natural gas
20.
Mining uranium can be harmful due to prolonged exposure to ___________.
a)
coal
b)
oil
c)
biomass
d)
radioactivty
21.
Petroleum and natural gas are formed from the remains of _____________ organisms.
a)
organic
b)
marine
c)
terrestrial
d)
nocturnal
22.

What is the focus of an earthquake?

a)
The point where the earthquake causes the most damage.
b)
The point within the Earth where the earthquake originates.
c)
The point on the Earth's surface directly above the origin of the earthquake.
d)
The point where the earthquake ends.
23.

Where do most earthquakes occur?

a)
Volcanoes
b)
Tectonic plate boundaries
c)
Oceans
d)
Mountains
24.

Geologists use the ... test to determine the hardness of a mineral.

a)
Vickers
b)
Brinell
c)
Rockwell
d)

Scratch

25.

How much of the Earth is covered with oceans?

a)
90%
b)
50%
c)
71%
d)
30%
26.

What is the average surface temperature of Earth?

a)
14 degrees Celsius (57 degrees Fahrenheit)
b)
25 degrees Celsius (77 degrees Fahrenheit)
c)
10 degrees Celsius (50 degrees Fahrenheit)
d)
30 degrees Celsius (86 degrees Fahrenheit)
27.

Earth revolves this many meters per second at the equator:

a)
700
b)
250
c)
100
d)

467

28.

Who was the first person to orbit Earth?

a)
Buzz Aldrin
b)
Yuri Gagarin
c)
John Glenn
d)
Neil Armstrong
29.

How far is the sun from Earth?

a)
8 light minutes
b)
93 million miles
c)
1 astronomical unit
d)
10 million miles
30.

How old is the Earth?

a)
100 billion years
b)
1 million years
c)
10,000 years
d)
4.54 billion years
31.

Earth's continents were once joined as a single massive supercontinent called _____.

a)
Pangaea
b)
Atlantis
c)
Laurasia
d)
Gondwana
32.

Which mountain produced the largest volcanic eruption?

a)
Mount St. Helens
b)
Mount Tambora
c)
Mount Vesuvius
d)
Mount Krakatoa
33.

An example of igneous rock is:

a)

marble

b)

aplite

c)

phyllite

d)

oolite

34.

An example of clastic sedimentary rock is:

a)

limestone

b)

greywacke

c)

pegmatite

d)

schist

35.

An example of non-classic sedimentary rock is:

a)

slate

b)

chalk

c)

shale

d)

breccia

36.

The mineral with a hardness of 9 in Mohs scale is:

a)

quartz

b)

olivine

c)

corundum

d)

topaz

37.

Precambrian rocks include:

a)

Bundelkhand gneisses

b)

Gondwana system

c)

Siwalik system

d)

Vindhya system

38.

The minerals belonging to the silicate class are:

a)

olivine and serpentine

b)

diamond and sulphur

c)

calcite and aragonite

d)

both (diamond and sulphur) and (calcite and aragonite)

39.

The halide class minerals are:

a)

orthoclase and pyroxene

b)

fluorite and sylvite

c)

barite and apatite

d)

pyrite and quartz

40.

The ore-forming minerals are:

a)

olivine and calcite

b)

cobaltite and ilmenite

c)

hematite and magnetite

d)

both (cobaltite and ilmenite) and (hematite and magnetite)

41.

The oxide and hydroxide minerals are:

a)

plagioclase and amphibole

b)

graphite and diamond

c)

cinnabar and realgar

d)

goethite and uraninite

42.

In the investigation of a site for construction of an engineering structure, an engineering geologist aims at:

a)

stability of the structure

b)

economy of its construction

c)

both (choices)

43.
What is the most explosive type of magma?
a)
Rhyolitic Magma
b)
Andesitic Magma
c)
Basaltic Magma
44.
Which type of magma has the lowest gas content?
a)
Basaltic Magma
b)
Andesitic Magma
c)
Rhyolitic Magma
45.
TRUE OR FALSE:  A substance that flows quickly has high viscosity...
a)
True
b)
False
46.
Very explosive volcanoes tend to have
a)
Low viscosity magma
b)
Gases rich in sulfur dioxide
c)
gentle, sloping sides
d)
High viscosity magma
47.
Basaltic lave flows are usually _________
a)
very fluid
b)
very viscous
48.
Which types of magma contains the least amount of SiO2
a)
rhyolitic
b)
andesitic
c)
felsic
d)
basaltic
49.
As the temperature of lava increases, ________
a)
its viscosity decrease
b)
it begins to harden
c)
its viscosity increases
d)
it can flow a much short distance
50.

Which two places would would you most likely have volcanoes that produce basaltic magma?

a)

Yellowstone and Indonesia

b)

The Andes and The Cascades

c)

Japan and Alaska

d)

Hawaii and Iceland

51.

Which of the following correctly ranks magmas in terms of silica content, from highest percent to lowest percent?

a)

andesitic, basaltic, rhyolitic

b)

basaltic, andesitic, rhyolitic

c)

rhyolitic, basaltic, andesitic

d)

rhyolitic, andesitic, basaltic

52.

What type of magma is mafic

a)

Basaltic

b)

Andesitic

c)

Rhyolitic

53.

Why type of magma is felsic

a)

basaltic

b)

rhyolitic

c)

andesitic

54.

The majority of magma (80%) is what type?

a)

Rhyolitic

b)

Andesitic

c)

Basaltic

55.

A large submerged volcanic mountain rising from the ocean floor

a)

Seamount

b)

Ocean Floor

c)

Abyssal Hill

d)

Guyot

56.

A submerged volcanic mountain with a flat top

a)

Seamount

b)

Ocean Floor

c)

Abyssal Hill

d)

Guyot

57.

Long narrow, steep-sided depressions found on the ocean floor

a)

Ocean floor

b)

Ocean trench

c)

Continental rise

d)

Continental slope

58.

A shallow, gently sloping part of the continental crust

a)

Seamount

b)

Continental rise

c)

Continental shelf

d)

Continental slope

59.

A seafloor mountain system formed by plate tectonics.

a)

Ocean trenches

b)

Continental rise

c)

Continental Shelf

d)

Mid-ocean ridges

60.

Limestone is a sedimentary rock that metamorphoses into _____________ under heat and pressure.

a)

Basalt

b)

Limestone

c)

Quartzite

d)

Marble

61.

Mafic igneous rocks are darker in color due to a higher _____________ content.

a)

Silica (Si)

b)

Iron (Fe)

62.

Which of the following rocks is a felsic intrusive igneous rock?

a)

Rhyolite

b)

Granite

c)

Basalt

d)

None of the above

63.

Which of the following is a mafic extrusive (volcanic) rock?

a)

Basalt

b)

Rhyolite

c)

Andesite

d)

Granite

64.

What type of rock is most likely to be found at the bottom of a river?

a)

Igneous

b)

Metamorphic

c)

Sedimentary

65.

This is the inner most zone within a terrestrial planet.

a)

Core

b)

Mantle

c)

Crust

d)

Kalidine Layer

66.

The point at which a liquid becomes a solid

a)

Freezing Point

b)

Melting Point

c)

Sublimation Point

d)

All of these

67.

Used to determine the age of rocks

a)

Radioactive Isotopess

b)

Electron Clouds

c)

Complex Ions

d)

Crystalline Minerals

68.

When the atoms of a solid are arranged in an orderly pattern, it has what kind of structure?

a)

Crystalline

b)

Amorphous

c)

Parallel

d)

Uniform

69.

A valuable mineral that is rare and scratch resistant

a)

Ore

b)

Gem

c)

Crystal

d)

Orb

70.

What is the name of the most recent era in geologic time?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

71.

Which era lasted the longest?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Paleozoic

d)

Precambrian

72.

Dinosaurs, small mammals, and birds are found in this time period.

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

73.

What are fossils that are abundant, easily recognizable, short lived, and widespread called?

a)

Preserved fossils

b)

Index fossils

c)

Imprints

d)

Radioactive dating

74.

Preserved remains of plants and animals from the remote past are called?

a)

Sedimentary rocks

b)

Radioactive dating

c)

Decayed organisms

d)

Fossils

75.

The Law of Superposition states

a)

Younger rocks layers are on top of older rock layers

b)

Fossils are found in sedimentary rocks

c)

Older rock layers are on top of younger rock layers

d)

Absolute age dating

76.

Saying you are older than your sister is an example of?

a)

Absolute age dating

b)

Relative age dating

c)

Fossils

d)

Radioactive dating

77.

What does absolute age tell us about a rock layer or fossil?

a)

The 'exact' age of a fossil determined by radiometric dating

b)

The relative age of a fossil determined by radiometric dating

c)

Younger rock layers sit on top of older rock layers

d)

Older rock layers sit on top of younger rock layers

78.

The end of an era, and the end of life for groups of organisms, is called?

a)

Death

b)

Mass extinction

c)

Transition

d)

Turning point

79.

The end of the Mesozoic Era was most likely caused by?

a)

A meteor

b)

Too much oxygen

c)

Lowering sea levels

d)

An ice age

80.

Which era best represents when humans first appeared on Earth?

a)

Cenozoic

b)

Mesozoic

c)

Archean

d)

Hadean

81.

Marine plants and invertebrates were abundant during which era?

a)

Precambrian

b)

Paleozoic

c)

Mesozoic

d)

Cenozoic

82.

Which is the youngest rock layer?

a)

Siltstone

b)

Conglomerate

c)

Mudstone

d)

Limestone

83.

What force created changes in the horizontal arrangement of the rock layers as viewed in this picture?

a)

compressional

b)

tension

c)

shearing

84.

What does Hutton's theory of uniformitarianism state?

a)

Geologic processes maintain an unchanged, or uniform, lithosphere.

b)

The Earth's appearance is static.

c)

The processes observed on Earth today are the same processes that have occurred over eons of time.

d)

The Earth is dynamic.

85.

What must you understand in order to determine the relative age of rock strata?

a)

How deposition occurs and how the Earth's forces can alter the arrangement of rock strata

b)

The rate of decay of the radioactive rock material found in the rock layers

c)

The conditions of the Earth's atmosphere at the time the sedimentary rock layers formed

86.

Which is NOT a principle of geology?

a)

principle of superposition

b)

principle of originality

c)

principle of horizontality

d)

principle of inclusions

87.

Which principle of geology states the sedimentary layer on the bottom of the outcrop is older than the layers above it?

The principle of _____.

a)

superposition

b)

horizontality

c)

cross-cutting relationship

d)

inclusions

88.

What happened to alter the appearance of the rock strata?

Chhose more than one answer.

a)

The layers shifted along a fault line.

b)

Magma flowed from a pocket below the rock layers to create a new rock layer that cuts across the original rock strata.

c)

There is a flow of water through the original rock layers causing the layers to shift.

89.

If a volcanoe erupts and magma solidifies around existing boulders of rock, what principle do geologists use to determine the ages of the rock relative to each other?

The principle of ____.

a)

superposition

b)

original horizontality

c)

inclusions

90.

Which type of dating technique results in a numerical age of a rock layer?

a)

relative age dating

b)

absolute age dating

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