Which of the following is NOT one of the macromolecules found in living organisms?

Biological macromolecules are built from smaller organic units called ________.

The four key types of molecules in living organisms mentioned are carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and ________.

What is matter? Matter occupies ______ and has ______.

All matter is composed of ______, substances that cannot be broken down or transformed chemically into other substances.

Elements are ______ that consist of only one type of atom.

Which of the following statements is TRUE about elements? Select the correct option.

Refer to the diagram showing atoms, molecules, compounds, and mixtures. Which box represents a mixture of elements and a compound?

What are the three main subatomic particles that make up an atom?

Atoms are the smallest units of matter and are composed of _______, _______, and _______.

Protons and neutrons both have mass, but only protons have a positive electrical charge.

Which subatomic particle does NOT have mass but has a negative electrical charge?

Which particles are located within the nucleus of an atom?

The unique properties of atoms allow elements to combine (_____) with each other in specific ways.

What is the atomic number of an element equal to?

The mass number, or atomic mass, is the number of protons plus the number of _______ of that element.

Isotopes are different forms of the same element that have the same number of protons, but a different number of _______.

Which of the following statements is true about isotopes?

What does the periodic table of elements include for each element?

What information does the periodic table provide about elements?

According to the color code in the periodic table, what does a blue box represent?

The atomic number of hydrogen is ___.

In the periodic table, elements are arranged in columns and rows based on their characteristics.

What is the symbol for the element with atomic number 8?

The atomic mass of carbon (C) is ___

The octet rule describes the tendency of most atoms (except for hydrogen and helium) to bond so that they have how many electrons in their valence shell?

Which of the following best describes chemical bonds?

Which type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating charged ions that attract each other?

What is the outermost electron shell of an atom called?

What type of bond is formed when positive and negative ions attract and stay together?

Because positive and negative charges attract, ions stay together and form an ionic bond.

In the diagram, which element donates an electron to form an ionic bond?

Which type of covalent bond is depicted by the water molecule (left) with a slightly positive charge on the hydrogen atoms and a slightly negative charge on the oxygen atom?

Refer to the passage: Covalent bonds are the ________ and most common form of chemical bond in living organisms.

Refer to the passage: Unlike ionic bonds, covalent bonds do not ________ in water.

Which molecule is an example of a nonpolar covalent bond?

Covalent bonds form between the elements that make up the biological molecules in our cells.

What type of bond forms between slightly positive (δ+) and slightly negative (δ−) charges of polar covalent molecules, such as water?

Hydrogen bonds can form between different molecules and do not always have to include a ________ molecule.

Which of the following is held together by hydrogen bonds to give it a double-stranded structure?

Hydrogen bonds are responsible for some of the three-dimensional structure of proteins.

In the provided diagram, what type of bond is represented by the dashed line between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another water molecule?

According to the passage and diagram, what type of bond is formed between the hydrogen and oxygen atoms within a water molecule?

The shared electrons in a water molecule spend more time associated with the ______ atom than with the hydrogen atoms.

Each water molecule attracts other water molecules because of the positive and negative charges in different parts of the molecule.

What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic substances as described in the passage?

Based on the diagram, what type of bond is labeled between two water molecules?

What property does oil have that prevents it from dissolving in water?

Which of the following statements best explains why ice floats on water?

Water absorbs a great deal of energy before its temperature rises. Increased energy disrupts the hydrogen bonds between water molecules leading to _________.

Water moderates temperature changes within organisms and in the environment because:

When frozen, ice is _______ dense than liquid water (the molecules are further apart).

What is a solvent?

Water is an excellent ______ because it can dissolve ionic compounds and polar molecules.

What forms around ions when table salt (NaCl) is mixed in water?

The charged particles from dissolved substances in water will form hydrogen bonds with a surrounding layer of water molecules.

What is cohesion?

Surface tension is the capacity of a substance to withstand ______ when placed under tension or stress.

Adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other ________ molecules.

According to Figure 2.11, what keeps the needle from sinking on the surface of the water?

What does the pH scale measure?

Acids are substances that provide ______ and lower pH.

Bases produce ______ and raise pH.

Buffers readily absorb excess H⁺ or OH⁻, keeping the pH of the body carefully maintained (homeostasis).

Which of the following substances is most acidic according to the pH scale shown?

Which of the following are types of biological macromolecules that support life?

The simplest organic carbon molecule is ________ (CH4).

Carbon can form four covalent bonds with other atoms or molecules.

How many hydrogen atoms are bonded to the central carbon atom in a methane molecule?

Refer to the diagram labeled (a). Stearic acid has a long chain of ______ atoms.

Refer to the diagram labeled (b). Glycine, a component of proteins, contains carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and ______ atoms.

The ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen in carbohydrates is _______.

Carbohydrates are classified into three subtypes. Which of the following is NOT a subtype of carbohydrate?

Which of the following is an example of a starchy carbohydrate?

Which of the following is a natural sugar?

What are monosaccharides?

What is the chemical formula for glucose?

Glucose is an important source of ________.

Galactose and fructose have the same chemical formula as glucose but differ structurally and chemically. What are they called?

Which element is the building block of life?

Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up our plasma membranes?

Hydrogen bonds occur between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and ____.

What are ALL of the Elements of Life?