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Intro to Biosphere (Ecology), Evolution, and Community Ecology

Total questions: 155

Worksheet time: 2hrs 58mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Abiotic parts of an ecosystem are

a)

Living

b)

Non-living

c)

Alive

d)

Observable with human eye

2.

Biotic parts of an ecosystem are

a)

Living

b)

Non-living

c)

Green

d)

Multi-cellular

3.

Which of the following is ABIOTIC

a)

Plants

b)

Animals

c)

Sunlight

d)

Algae

4.

Which of the following is BIOTIC

a)

Car

b)

Bacteria

c)

Table

d)

Water

5.

Ecology is the study of

a)

interactions between non-living things and their relationship with the sun

b)

interactions between living things and their relationship with the environment

c)

interactions between non-living things and their relationship with the environment

d)

interactions between living things and their relationship with each other

6.

An ecosystem

a)

is a community of organisms and their environment.

b)

is made of both biotic and abiotic factors

c)

can come in many shapes and sizes

d)

All answers are true

7.

An ecosystem needs both abiotic and biotic factors to survive

a)

True

b)

False

8.

An individual plant, animal or single-celled bacteria

a)

Organism

b)

Species

c)

Population

d)

Biome

9.

Closely related organisms that can reproduce

a)

Organism

b)

Population

c)

Species

d)

Pride

10.

All the populations of different species that interact in an ecosystem

a)

Population

b)

Species

c)

Community

d)

Ecosystem

11.

The Amazon Rainforest is an example of a

a)

Biosphere

b)

Biome

c)

Population

d)

Species

12.

Which one of these is NOT one of Earth's spheres?

a)

Atmosphere

b)

Biosphere

c)

Urbansphere

d)

Geosphere

13.

Hot Soup

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

14.

Leaf

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

15.

Electric Car

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

16.

Sea Sponge

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

17.

Mold on your cheese

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

18.

Clouds

a)

Abiotic

b)

Biotic

19.

A Clown Fish lives in an anemone to protect it from predators. The anemone is the fish's

a)

Biome

b)

Species

c)

Habitat

d)

Food

20.

Giraffes' long necks help them reach leafs at the top of trees. This is an example of a

a)

Habitat

b)

Population

c)

Niche

d)

Species

21.

Each organism has a relationship with every element of its environment.

a)

True

b)

False

22.

A habitat is ___________________.

a)

the place or kind of place in which an animal or plant naturally lives.

b)

is how plants produce their own food.

c)

is an animal that only eats meat.

d)

the place where only one animal lives.

23.

A niche ________________.

a)

is the function that an organism performs in the food web of that community.

b)

includes everything else the organism does and needs in its environment.

c)

is specific to each individual animal and plant.

d)

All of the above.

24.

An organism’s habitat provides _____________________.

a)

food, water, shelter, and space.

b)

food, water, and clothes.

c)

only food.

d)

video games, ninjas, and baked beans.

25.

A squirrels niche would be _________________.

a)

hunting prey and providing meat for other squirrels.

b)

searching for fish to eat in the ocean.

c)

staying busy storing nuts and seeds for winter.

d)

help decompose other animals and plants.

26.

A squirrels habitat would be _____________.

a)

Ocean

b)

Arctic

c)

Forest

d)

Dessert

27.

A whale's niche would be which of the following?

a)

eating plankton and krill.

b)

eating sharks and dolphins.

c)

eating hamburgers and fries.

d)

eating other whales.

28.

What is a niche?

a)

Where an organism lives.

b)

An organisms role, or job, within its ecosystem.

c)

What an organism eats.

29.

What is a Niche of a honeybee?

a)

Pollenating Flowers

b)

A Honeycomb

c)

Eating other insects.

d)

Swimming.

30.

What is shown in the image?

a)

Habitat

b)

Niche

31.

What is shown in the image?

a)

Habitat

b)

Niche

32.

What is shown in the image?

a)

Niche

b)

Habitat

33.

The place where an organism lives within an ecosystem is its-

a)

habitat

b)

niche

c)

biome

d)

ecosystem

34.
The lion is a carnivore. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
35.
The lion lives on the savanna. 
a)
habitat
b)
niche
36.
The lion lives on the savanna. 
a)
habitat
b)
niche
37.
The lion is a carnivore. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
38.
Birds live in the decidious forest.  
a)
habitat
b)
niche
39.
Birds parent their offspring. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
40.
a place an organism lives. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
41.
the role an organism plays in the environment. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
42.
crocodiles live in freshwater rivers. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
43.
The crocodile is a carnivore. 
a)
habitat 
b)
niche
44.
an organism that only eats meat. 
a)
carnivore
b)
omnivore
c)
herbivore
45.
an organism that only eats producers. 
a)
herbivore
b)
carnivore
c)
omnivore
46.
an organism that eats both producers and other consumers. 
a)
omnivore
b)
carnivore 
c)
herbivore
47.
Which terms best describe heterotrophs?
a)
Plants; producers
b)
Animals; producers
c)
Plants; consumers
d)
Animals; consumers
48.
From where do autotrophs obtain their energy?
a)
The sun
b)
Other organisms
49.
Which terms best describe autotrophs?
a)
Plants; producers
b)
Animals; producers
c)
Plants; consumers
d)
Animals; consumers
50.
What is another name to describe a heterotroph?
a)
Consumer
b)
Producer
51.
How can animals and fungi best be classified?
a)
Autotroph
b)
Heterotroph
52.

What are humans?

a)

Autotrophs

b)

Heterotrophs

53.

Which category of organism cannot make its own food?

a)

Autotroph

b)

Heterotroph

54.

What is a worm?

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

55.

What is asparagus?

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

56.

What is a lily pad?

a)

autotroph

b)

heterotroph

57.

Select the AUTOTROPHS

a)
b)
c)
d)
58.

Which of the following organisms recycle materials from dead organisms and their waste products?

a)

autotrophs

b)

heterotrophs

c)

scavengers

d)

decomposers

59.

Organisms that only eat producers

a)

Herbivores

b)

Carnivores

c)

Scavengers

d)

Omnivores

60.

Organisms that only eat consumers

a)

Herbivores

b)

Carnivores

c)

Scavengers

d)

Omnivores

61.

Organisms that eat both producers and consumers

a)

Herbivores

b)

Carnivores

c)

Scavengers

d)

Omnivores

62.
What is a herbivore?
a)
an animal that gets energy from eating other animals
b)
an organism that gets energy from eating only plants
c)
an animal that gets energy by eating both plants and other animals
63.
What is a carnivore?
a)
an animal that gets energy by eating other animals
b)
An animal that gets energy by eating only plants
c)
an animal that gets energy by eating both plants and animals
64.

Heterotrophs can eat

a)

plants

b)

meat

c)

plants and meat

d)

sunlight energy

65.

Click all examples of heterotrophs

a)

plants

b)

animals

c)

bacteria

d)

some types of fungi and protists

66.

What is the name of the process that autotrophs or producers use to make food?

a)

cellular respiration

b)

photosynthesis

c)

photo respiration

d)

cellularsynthesis

67.
A few deer wander out of their native woods into a completely new park where no deer had ever been before. They go on to create an entirely new population.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Non-random mating
d)
Mutation
68.

During gestation (pregnancy), a developing male pig had a change in his genetic code. The result was that he to produce less nitrogenous solid waste.

a)

Genetic Drift

b)

Non-random mating

c)

Mutation

d)

Natural Selection

69.
Five hundred years after the deer had established a flourishing population in the park, a few of them venture back to their original woods and have babies with the deer there.
a)
Genetic Drift
b)
Mutations
c)
Non-random mating
d)
Gene flow
70.
Wolves from the Arizona mesa were transferred to the Colorado Rockies after a forest fire destroyed their habitat. They quickly became part of the local pack and had offspring.
a)
Mutation
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Genetic Drift
d)
Gene Flow
71.
7 Wild Mustangs were taken from the prairies of Iowa after a Texan Rancher purchased them and provided them with their own pasture. Those 7 Mustangs eventually became 122.
a)
Genetic Drift (small popultaion)
b)
Non-random mating
c)
Gene flow
d)
Mutations
72.

All of the genetic information found in a population.

a)

population

b)

genetic drift

c)

evolution

d)

gene pool

73.
Gene Flow tends to ___________ genetic variation (diversity)
a)
Increase
b)
Decrease
c)
Stabilize
d)
Exaggerate 
74.
Which of the following is NOT an example of natural selection? 
a)
People selectively breeding hamsters.
b)
Insect populations developing resistance to certain pesticides.
c)
Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics.
d)
Male birds of certain species developing colorful feathers to attract female mates.
75.
Which of the following is an example of the founder effect?
a)
Bald Eagles are hunted until near extinction, population recovers.
b)
Small group of iguanas floats to an island, starts a new population.
c)
Red fox pups are more likely to survive in a snowy environment if they are born white.
d)
Farmer chooses seeds from largest apples to plant next year.  This results in larger apples from year to year.
76.

Bats are common in Texas, especially in rocky regions. Bats with longer hang claws have demonstrated higher fitness because of their ability to cling to rock while resting. This adaptation is becoming more frequent in the population. What mechanism of evolution is this?

a)

Natural Selection

b)

Non-random mating

c)

Gene Flow

d)

Genetic Drift

77.

The formation of a new species is called

a)

Natural selection

b)

Struggle for existence

c)

Speciation

d)

Darwinism

78.

A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation

a)

Sympatric

b)

Allopatric

c)

Extreme

d)

Convergent

79.

The emergence of a mountain range is an event that would lead to _______________ speciation

a)

Allopatric

b)

Sympatric

c)

Temporal

d)

Behavioral

80.

The emergence of new rivers or streams is a type of ____________ isolation.

a)

Temporal

b)

Mechanical

c)

Behavioral

d)

Geographic

81.

When the Grand Canyon in Arizona formed, two populations of one squirrel species were separated by the giant canyon. This is an example of _____________ speciation.

a)

Allopatric

b)

Sympatric

c)

Simple

d)

Divergent

82.

Different finch populations lived on separate islands with different environments. They evolved to best adapt to those particular environments and can no longer mate. What type of speciation is this?

a)

Allopatric

b)

Sympatric

c)

Temporal

d)

Mechanical

83.

There are two main ways that speciation happens naturally. Both processes create new species by reproductively isolating populations of the same species from each other. What are these two types of isolation?

a)

geographical and behavioral

b)

geographical and complex

c)

behavioral and complex

d)

locational and geographical

84.
The death of every member of a species.
a)
Competition
b)
Population
c)
Extinction
d)
Evidence
85.

In which type of interaction does one animal eat another for energy and nutrients?

a)

Competition

b)

Parasitism

c)

Predation

d)

Mutualism

86.

Hermit crabs live in shells made and then abandoned by snails. This relationship neither helps nor harms the snails. Which interaction is this?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Competition

87.

Ostriches and Gazelles feed next to each other. They both watch for predators and alert each other to danger. Since the visual abilities of the two species are different, they can each identify threats the other animal would not as readily see. What type of interaction is this?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Mutualism

c)

Commensalism

d)

Competition

88.

Mistletoe extracts water and nutrients from the spruce tree to the trees detriment (causing harm). What type of interaction is this?

a)

Parasitism

b)

Competition

c)

Commensalism

d)

Mutualism

89.

Sloth's and monkeys share the same tropical habitat. Deforestation is occurring limiting the space for these 2 species. What will now occur between the 2 species?

a)

Mutalism

b)

Commensalism

c)

Predation

d)

Competition

90.

Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers. The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower. This is an example of

a)

commensalism

b)

mutualism

c)

parasitism

d)

predation

91.

Rabbits and deer eat lettuce leaves from a garden.

What ecological interaction describes the relationship between rabbits and deer?

a)

Mutualism

b)

Competition

c)

Commensalism

d)

Predation

92.
 The stork uses it saw-like bill to cut up the dead animals it eats. As a result, the dead animal carcass is accessible to some bees for food and egg laying. The relationship neither harms nor benefits the stork.
a)
parasitism
b)
commensalism
c)
mutualism
93.
Which symbols best describe mutualism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
94.
Which symbols best describe parasitism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
-,0
95.
Which symbols best describe commensalism?
a)
+,+
b)
+,-
c)
+,0
d)
0,0
96.
A close, long-term relationship in which 2 different organisms live in close association with each other. 
a)
Carrying Capacity
b)
Coexistence
c)
Limiting Factor
d)
Symbiosis
97.

Fleas living within a mammal's fur describes this type of relationship:

a)

Competition

b)

Mutualism

c)

Predation

d)

Parasitism

98.

Parasites and predators help maintain ecosystem stability because...

a)

They increase the population of all organisms so ecosystems become diverse

b)

They decrease the population of certain organisms to ensure no species overpopulates

c)

They increase the survival of all species

d)

Any of the above are possible

99.
In this picture of parasitism, the dog is the __________________________
a)
host
b)
parasite
100.

This type of interaction occurs when 2 organisms live closely together for survival.

a)

Symbiosis

b)

Competition

c)

Predation

d)

Cymbalosis

101.

_______ occurs when two organisms are trying to acquire or get the same resources.

a)

Symbiosis

b)

Competition

c)

Predation

d)

Collaboration

102.

_______ occurs when 1 organisms kills and eats another for food.

a)

Symbiosis

b)

Competition

c)

Predation

d)

Collaboration

103.

A lion kills and eats a zebra. This is an example of

a)

Symbiosis

b)

Competition

c)

Predation

104.

Two male deer fight over a female. This is an example of

a)

Symbiosis

b)

competition

c)

predation

105.

The Gobi fish and shrimp live closely together. The nearly blind shrimp keeps a burrow for it and the Gobi fish to live. The Gobi warns the shrimp of predators. The shrimp lets the fish live in the burrow. This is an example of

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

106.

Hermit crabs use the shells of dead snails for homes. What type of interaction is this?

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

107.

Tapeworms enter the body of their host. They live by taking nutrients from the host organism. This is an example of

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

108.

A type of symbiosis in which both species benefit is called...

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

109.

A type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other is not affected is...

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

110.

A type of symbiosis in which one species benefits and the other is harmed or killed...

a)

mutualism

b)

commensalism

c)

parasitism

111.

The top predator in an ecosystem

a)

Apex Predator

b)

Prey

c)

Producer

d)

Primary consumer

112.

An organism that can make its own food using chemosynthesis or photosynthesis.

a)

Producer

b)

Consumer

c)

Predator

d)

Omnivore

113.

An organism that obtains energy by feeding on other organisms

a)

Consumer

b)

Producer

c)

Autotroph

d)

Prey

114.

Each step in a food chain or food web

a)

Trophic level

b)

Adaptations

c)

Link

d)

Ecological pyramid

115.

Name the Trophic Levels

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumer

c)

Secondary Consumer

d)

Tertiary Consumer

e)

Quaternary Consumer

116.

The total mass of living tissue within a trophic level

a)

Biomass

b)

Trophic levels

c)

Ecological pyramid

d)

Biomagnification

117.

A diagram that shows the biomass of organisms at each trophic level

a)

Ecological pyradmid

b)

Food chain

c)

Food web

d)

Carnivores

118.

The organisms that eat producers are called.....

a)

Primary consumers

b)

Producers

c)

Secondary consumers

d)

Tertiary consumers

119.

The organisms that eat the secondary consumers are called.....

a)

Producers

b)

Tertiary consumers

c)

Secondary consumers

d)

Primary consumers

120.
Which of the following is a herbivore?
a)
cricket
b)
frog
c)
hawk
d)
shrew
121.
How many herbivores are in this web?
a)
1
b)
2
c)
3
d)
4
122.

What is this called?

a)

Food Web

b)

Food Chain

c)

Trophic Level

123.
In the food web shown, the snail would be considered...
a)
primary consumer
b)
secondary consumer
c)
tertiary consumer
d)
producer
124.
What are "trophic levels"?
a)
Levels in a food web/food chain
b)
Levels of land in a mountain
c)
Animal diets
125.
What is this called?
a)
Food Web
b)
Food Chain
c)
Abiotic Factors
126.

How is a food web different from a food chain?

a)

Foods webs contain only producers, not consumers.

b)

Food webs do not include decomposers.

c)

Food webs contain many different,linked food chains.

d)

Food webs exist in aquatic environment;food chain exist in terrestrial environment

127.

How are primary consumers different from secondary consumers?

a)

Primary consumers eat only plants;secondary consumers eat other consumers.

b)

Primary consumers eat other consumers;secondary consumers eat only plants.

c)

primary consumers eat plants and other consumer;secondary consumers eat plants and decompose matter

d)

Primary consumers eat plants and decompose matter ;secondary consumers consumers eat plants and other consumers.

128.
The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?
a)
They point to the organism that is being eaten.
b)
It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.
c)
They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms. 
d)
They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.
129.

Which level of an energy pyramid has the largest populations of organisms?

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumers

c)

Secondary consumers

d)

Tertiary Consumers

130.

If a keystone species is removed from an ecosystem, it can destroy the balance of that ecosystem.

a)

True

b)

False

131.

True or False? In an ecosystem, energy is transferred between species when one species eats another species.

a)

True

b)

False

132.

In a healthy ecosystem, which trophic level should have the most energy?

a)

Producers

b)

Primary Consumers

c)

Secondary Consumers

d)

Tertiary Consumers

133.

If the mouse population becomes sick and decreases, which statement about the food web will be true?

a)

The grass population will decrease.

b)

The hawk population will increase.

c)

The grass population will increase.

d)

The wildflower population will decrease.

134.

True or False? There cannot be more than one keystone species in an ecosystem.

a)

True

b)

False

135.

In a food web, the process of __________ returns any remaining energy to the soil.

a)

decomposition

b)

respiration

c)

digestion

d)

ingestion

136.

At each trophic level, energy is lost as heat from metabolic processes. How much energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next?

a)

5% of energy is transferred to the next level.

b)

10% of energy is transferred to the next level.

c)

15% of energy is transferred to the next level.

d)

20% of energy is transferred to the next level.

137.
When a community is stable and balanced it is in...
a)
Equilibrium
b)
Disequilibrium
138.
A predictable series of change overtime in a community is...
a)
Secondary
b)
Climax Community
c)
Succession
d)
Pioneer Species
139.
Which one is NOT a type of succession?
a)
Primary Succession
b)
Secondary Succession
c)
Triad Succesion
140.
Which succession happens when a series of disturbances occurs but some of the original vegetation (plants) and soil still remains?
a)
Primary Succession
b)
Secondary Succession
141.
Which succession occurs when there are a series of disturbances where NO vegetation (plants) or original soil remains
a)
Primary Succession
b)
Secondary Succession
142.
Which one of these does NOT cause a primary succession?
a)
Lava spreads over land
b)
Lakes dry up
c)
Glaciers retreat/melt
d)
The wind blows hard
143.
What is a species that comes in after a primary succession and colonizes (restarts) the community?
a)
Native Species
b)
Pioneer Species
c)
Colonial Species
d)
Starter Species
144.
Which type of succession grows back faster because some of the vegetation (plants) and soil still remains?
a)
Primary Succession
b)
Secondary Succession
145.
What is it called when a community completes the succession process (grows back)?
a)
Pioneer Species
b)
Primary Succession
c)
Climax Community
d)
Secondary Succession
146.
After a succession, is it guaranteed that the community will get back to a climax community (grow back)?
a)
Yes
b)
No
147.
A species that is brought into an area from another area in the world and takes over is an...
a)
Pioneer Species
b)
Invasive Species
148.
Invasive species...
a)
Grow quickly
b)
Die out quickly
149.
Invasive species are a problem when...
a)
Limiting factors are present (not enough food for the native species)
b)
There are no limiting factors (lots of food for the native species)
150.
When invasive species take over, native species (the things that were there before them)...
a)
Grow more
b)
Die out
151.

A species that is very sensitive to environmental changes and can help humans identify if the habitat is suffering.

a)

indicator

b)

umbrella

c)

predator

d)

mutualist

152.

A species that plays a critical role in the health, maintenance, growth, or definition of an ecosystem.

a)

keystone

b)

invasive

c)

engineer

d)

predator

153.

How did the absence of wolves in Yellowstone National Park affect the behavior of elk?

a)

Elk became more cautious and nomadic

b)

Elk became less cautious and settled in one place

c)

Elk started hunting wolves

d)

Elk migrated to a different habitat

154.

What happened to the grey wolf population in Yellowstone National Park in the early 1930s?

a)

Their numbers increased significantly

b)

Their numbers remained stable

c)

Their numbers dropped to zero

d)

Their numbers doubled

155.

What happened to the trees and plants in Yellowstone National Park when the elk population increased?

a)

The trees and plants flourished

b)

The trees and plants declined

c)

The trees and plants remained the same

d)

The trees and plants migrated to a different area

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