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AP Bio Evolution

Total questions: 83

Worksheet time: 57mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

sources of genetic variation

a)

point mutations

b)

chromosomal mutations

c)

sexual recombination (crossing over, ind. assortment, and random fertilization)

d)

sexual recombination is the largest source of genetic variation

2.

microevolution is the...

a)
sudden appearance of new species
b)
migration of individuals between populations
c)

large-scale (POPULATION & COMMUNITIES) evolutionary changes that occur over long periods of time

d)

change in the allele frequencies of a population (SINGLE gene pool) over generations

3.

macroevolution is the

a)

large-scale (POPULATION & COMMUNITIES) evolutionary changes that occur over long periods of time

b)
evolution that occurs within a single generation
c)
a type of fast evolutionary change
d)


change in the allele frequencies of a population (SINGLE gene pool) over generations

4.

diploidy

a)
Two sets of chromosomes
b)
Three sets of chromosomes
c)
One set of chromosomes
d)

hide recessive alleles that are less favorable

5.

heterozygote advantage

a)

greater fitness than homozygotes

b)

ex.) sickle cell disease

c)

are the perfect organisms

d)

adaptations are often compromises

6.

conditions for Hardy-Weinberg Equillibrium

a)

large population

b)

no mutations

c)

random mating

d)

no natural selection

e)

no gene flow

7.

natural selection is random

a)

true

b)

false

8.

minor causes of evolution

a)

Mutations

b)

Nonrandom mating

c)

Natural selection

d)

Genetic drift

9.

major causes of evolution

a)

Mutations

b)

Nonrandom mating

c)

Natural selection

d)

Genetic drift

10.

A small group of spiders float on some debris to an isolated island and start a new population

a)

Founder effect

b)

bottleneck effect

11.

There was a reduction in the population of northern elephant seals due to overhunting in the 1800s and now the current population has very low genetic diversity.

a)

Founder effect

b)

bottleneck effect

12.

Movement of fertile individuals between populations

a)
Gene flow
b)
Natural selection
c)
Genetic drift
d)
Population control
13.

sexual dimorphism

a)

difference between 2 sexes

b)

size, color, ornamentation, and behavior

c)

ex.) Male and female birds

d)

is a form of natural selection

14.

intrasexual

a)

selection within the same sex

b)

ex.) males compete with other males

c)

mate's choice

d)

ex.) females choose showy males

15.

intersexual

a)

selection within the same sex

b)

ex.) males compete with other males

c)

mate's choice

d)

ex.) females choose showy males

16.

to be considered the same species, two organisms must produce infertile offspring

a)

true

b)

false

17.

reproductive barriers

a)

prezygotic

b)

postzygotic

c)

allopatric

d)

sympatic

18.

modes of speciation

a)

prezygotic

b)

postzygotic

c)

allopatric

d)

sympatic

19.

prezygotic barriers

a)

increases the chances of mating for a male during intrasexual selection

b)

prevents a hybrid zygote from turning into a viable adult

c)

impedes mating/fertilization

d)

processes that occur after fertilization

20.

types of prezygotic barriers

a)

habitat isolation

b)

temporal isolation

c)

behavioral isolation

d)

mechanical isolation

e)

gametic isolation

21.

postzygotic barriers

a)

increases the chances of mating for a male during intrasexual selection

b)

prevents a hybrid zygote from turning into a viable adult

c)

impedes mating/fertilization

d)

processes that occur before fertilization

22.

types of postzygotic barriers

a)

reduced hybrid viability (hybrid is weak and probably won't live)

b)

reduced hybrid fertility (ex. mules are infertile)

c)

hybrid breakdown (hybrid can only create more hybrids for a couple generations)

d)

hybrids live in different habitats and cannot mate

23.

allopatric speciation

a)

geographically isolated

b)

caused by geologic events or processes

c)

evolves by natural selection & genetic drift

d)

overlapping populations within home range

e)

gene flow blocked by polyploidy, sexual selection, and habitat differentiation

24.

sympatric speciation

a)

geographically isolated

b)

caused by geologic events or processes

c)

evolves by natural selection & genetic drift

d)

overlapping populations within home range

e)

gene flow blocked by polyploidy, sexual selection, and habitat differentiation

25.

autopolyploid

a)

mostly happens in plants

b)

extra sets of chromosomes

c)

failure of cell division

d)

2 species produce a hybrid

26.

allopolyploid

a)

mostly happens in plants

b)

extra sets of chromosomes

c)

failure of cell division

d)

2 species produce a hybrid

e)

to solve this problem on the test, add the # of chromosomes

27.

hybrid zones can be

a)

reinforcement (decreased gene flow)

b)

fusion (increased gene flow)

c)

stability (same amnt. of gene flow)

d)

dispersed (low gene flow in a large area)

e)

disruptive (high gene flow in few small areas)

28.

gradualism

a)

common ancestor

b)

slow, constant change

c)

long period of stasis punctuated by short bursts of significant change

29.

punctuated equilibrium

a)

common ancestor

b)

slow, constant change

c)

long period of stasis punctuated by short bursts of significant change

30.

phylogenic trees are the

a)

best tool for categorizing organisms

b)

worst tool for categorizing organisms

31.

the more closely related an organism is, the more recently they shared a common ancestor

a)

true

b)

false

32.

the more closely related an organism is, the more recently they shared a common ancestor

a)

true

b)

false

33.

the more closely related an organism is, the more recently they shared a common ancestor

a)

true

b)

false

34.

who was the creator of binomial nomenclature?

a)

James Hutton

b)
Gregor Mendel
c)

Charles Lyell

d)
Carl Linnaeus
35.

A "domain" is the category with the _____ shared characteristics.

a)

Most

b)

Least

c)

Average

36.

A "species" is the category with the _____ shared characteristics.

a)

Most

b)

Least

c)

Average

37.

Polygenic trees are...

a)

most reliable when categorizing species

b)

best when supported with fossil and DNA evidence

c)

NOT ALWAYS indicative when or how long ago a species evolved unless an axis is labeled "Time"

d)

the least reliable of all categorization methods.

e)

DNA and fossil evidence oftentimes contradicts polygenic trees

38.

homology

a)

similarity due to shared ancestry

b)

similarity due to convergent evolution

c)

ex.) bat and bird wings

d)

ex.) australian mole vs. north american mole

39.

analogy

a)

similarity due to shared ancestry

b)

similarity due to convergent evolution

c)

ex.) bat and bird wings

d)

ex.) australian mole vs. north american mole

40.

molecular systematics

a)

weather patterns using molecular data an how it affected prehistoric organisms

b)

studies the interactions between molecules

c)
Method of classifying organisms based on their physical characteristics
d)

Uses DNA and other molecular data to determine evol. relationships

41.

Molecular clock

a)

comparing nucleic acid sequences to infer relatedness

b)

useful for investigating branching points hundreds of millions

c)

gene duplication increases the # of genes in a genome, providing more opportunities for evolution

d)

mol. clock is based upon a constant mutation rate

42.

earth had oxygen at the time of its creation

a)

true

b)

false

43.

DNA came from RNA

a)

true

b)

false

44.

what is the smallest unit that is able to evolve?

a)

individuals

b)

population

c)

community

d)

ecosystem

45.

traits that are acquired by an organism can be passed on to offspring (eg. if you have big muscles, your baby will be born with big muscles too)

a)

true

b)

false

46.

RNA self replicates and...

a)

is surrounded by a membrane

b)

is stored purely in the ribosomes

c)

leads to the production of DNA

d)

changes the composition of a population

47.

people thought the earth was...

a)

6000 years old

b)

2.7 billion years old

c)

4.6 billion years old

d)

4.5 billion years old

48.

Darwin's conclusions

a)

evolution

b)

survival of the fittest

c)

binomial nomenclature

d)

uniformitarianism

e)

essentialism

49.

theory of natural selection

a)

adaptations enhance an organism's ability to survive and reproduce

b)

overproduction of offspring leads to competition for resources

c)

pass favorable traits onto future generations if they survive

d)

populations evolve, not individuals

50.

natural selection

a)

random breeding

b)

works on population

c)

selective breeding

d)

works on individuals

51.

artificial selection

a)

random breeding

b)

works on population

c)

selective breeding

d)

works on individuals

52.

humans create substantial change over short periods of time, while nature can create change over long periods of time

a)

true

b)

false

53.

evidence for evolution

a)

direct observations

b)

fossil records

c)

homology

d)

biogeography

54.

direct observations of evoution(examples)

a)

insect populations become resistant to pesticides

b)

antibiotic resistant bacteria

c)

covid

d)

peppered moth (pollution in city vs. country)

55.

Fossil records

a)

incomplete b/c fossils only form under specific conditions

b)

not all organisms are represented if they don't live in those specific conditions

c)

show relationship between species, climate, and behavioral+physical characteristics

d)

shows the 5 mass extinction

e)

shows speciation, as fossils are most abundant after mass extinctions

56.

Homology

a)

Homologous structures are from common ancestor

b)

Embryonic homologies - similar early development

c)

vestigial organs - structures with little or no use (whale legs)

d)

Molecular homologies - similar DNA and Amino Acid sequences

57.

characteristics of convergent evolution

a)
Similar traits evolving in closely related organisms due to different environmental pressures
b)
Dissimilar traits evolving in unrelated organisms due to different environmental pressures
c)
Similar traits evolving in unrelated or distantly related organisms due to similar environmental pressures
d)
Similar traits evolving in unrelated organisms due to different environmental pressures
58.

biogeography

a)

species in nearby areas resemble each other

b)

Continental drift & Pangaea explains similarities on different continents

c)

endemic species are found at a certain geographic location and nowhere else

d)

endemic species are found at all locations, not just one

59.

protocells

a)

abiotically produced mlecules

b)

surrounded by membrane

c)

ex.) protobionts

d)

small molecules are packaged within

60.

First genetic material was...

a)

DNA

b)

RNA

61.

Oparin and Haldane (1920) hypothesized that...

a)
life originated from non-living matter through a series of chemical reactions
b)
life originated from human intervention
c)
life originated from supernatural forces
d)
life originated from outer space
62.

earth's early atmosphere allowed for organic molecules to form into simple molecules

a)

true

b)

false

63.

Energy for organic synthesis came from lightning and UV radiation (think primitive soup)

a)

true

b)

false

64.

Who executed the primitive soup experiment?

a)
Isaac Newton and Galileo Galilei
b)

Oparin and Haldane

c)
Marie Curie and Pierre Curie
d)

Stanley Miller and Harold Urey

65.

relative dating

a)

uses the order of rock strata to determine relative age of fossils

b)

is not as accurate

c)

is incredibly accurate and can determine the actual age of fossils

d)

based on the amnt. of radioactive isotopes left in the fossil record (half lives)

66.

radioactive dating

a)

uses the order of rock strata to determine relative age of fossils

b)

is not as accurate

c)

is incredibly accurate and can determine the actual age of fossils

d)

based on the amnt. of radioactive isotopes left in the fossil record (half lives)

67.

radioactive dating is more accurate than relative dating

a)

true

b)

false

68.

prokaryotes

a)

the oldest bacteria fossil is 3.5 B.Y.A, meaning that it was the first life form

b)

first living beings were Ardurra bacteria

c)

cyano-bacteria (photosynthetic bacteria) were also very ancient

d)

photosynthetic prokaryotes came 2.7 B.Y.A.

69.

endosymbiont theory evidenve

a)

mitochondria and chloroplasts (B/c they were formed from small prokaryotes)

b)

replication by binary fission

c)

single, circular, DNA (Histones)

d)

ribosomes to make proteins

e)

enzymes similar to living proteins and double membranes

70.

adaptive radiation contributes to mass speciation

a)

true

b)

false

71.

heterochrony

a)

evolutionary change in rate of developmental events

b)

ex.) human body parts grow at different rates

c)

predomorphosis - adult retains juvenile structures in ancestral species

d)

HOX GENES, control location of body parts

72.

homeotic genes

a)

evolutionary change in rate of developmental events

b)

ex.) human body parts grow at different rates

c)

predomorphosis - adult retains juvenile structures in ancestral species

d)

HOX GENES, control location of body parts

73.

exaptations

a)

structures that evolve but become adopted for another function

b)

ex.) bird feathers = warmth -> flight

c)

evolution and natural selection do not predict the future

d)

those who survive were predetermined to the moment they are born. It is completely by chance

74.

aristotle

a)

fixed

b)

evolved

c)

scala natura (hierarchy in nature)

d)

catastrophism

75.

carolus linnaeus

a)

fixed

b)

evolved

c)

father of modern taxonomy

d)

founder of modern geology

76.

Georges Cuvier

a)

evolved

b)

fixed

c)

founder of comparative anatomy & paleontology

d)

catastrophism

77.

James Hutton

a)

Evolved

b)

FIxed

c)

Founder of modern geology

d)

founder of uniformitarianism

78.

Charles Lyell

a)

fixed

b)

evolving

c)

Earth's crust has gone through countless small changes over vast periods of time

d)

common ancestry and sexual selection

79.

Comte de Buffon

a)

fixed

b)

evolving

c)

planets crated in collision with sun and comets

d)

believed species could change over time

80.

Eramuse Darwin

a)

fixed

b)

evolving

c)

common ancestry, sexual selection, artificial selection, humanology

d)

formulated the theory of evolution

81.

Jean-Baptiste de Lamarck

a)

evolving

b)

fixed

c)

botanical and zoological systemist

d)

created the theory of inheritance of acquired characteristics

82.

Thomas Malthus

a)

economist who influenced Darwin's theory of evolution

b)

had a theory that was similar to Darwin's (survival of the fittest)

c)

population growth will always tend tooutrun the food supply

d)

father of geography

83.

Alfred Wallace

a)

Fixed

b)

Evolving

c)

formulated the theory of evolution based on Charles Darwin

d)

formulated the theory of evolution independently of Charles Darwin

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