Which of the following is not related to data privacy?

A massive volume of both structured and unstructured data that is extremely difficult to manage, process, and analyze is known by which catch phrase?

According to a report in US Today, 38% of young people between the ages of 18-29 have at least one tattoo. What does the 38% represent?

______ is a set of data that are organized and processed in a meaningful and purposeful way.

The time in hours spent sleeping per day is what kind of variable?

An instructor hands out course evaluations where students have a rank of 0 to 5. What is the best way for the data to be measured?

Mary asks her friends in Facebook for recommendations for the best restaurants in Chicago. The results are then placed in a table for review. What does the data represent?

The ability to use qualitative reasoning with quantitative tools allows management to make decisions to improve business performance.

The primary purpose of a(n) _____ is to support decision-making and provide a composite view of the organization

Which term represents data items, events, or things stored in a database file?

Mary has been tasked with reviewing a large data file. She wants to begin by first inspecting the number of values in each cell, both numeric and non-numeric, for any blank entries. The plan is to first find the blank or missing values for first review. Using Excel, what function(s) should she use to complete this task?

Which of the following is NOT a process of the data management system?

In a data set with 20 variables, if 8% of the values, randomly spread across observations, are missing (blank), what is the probable percent of complete and usable observations?

In the presence of outliers in a data set, extremely small or large values, it is preferred to use the _____ instead of the _______ to impute missing variables.

Ann is analyzing a data set that contains two variables, Job Title and 401K. 401K contains the name of the three companies that carry the retirement accounts. It is mandatory to have an account, thus no observation is blank. If 401K was transformed to dummy variables, how many should be created?

When too many variables are categorized in an analysis, several potential issues may occur. Which of the following is not one of the issues that may occur?

The strategy of removing observations with missing data is called omission.

If the coefficient correlation is computed to be -0.85, this means the relationship between the two variables are ____.

Survey results provided the skewness coefficient is 0.21672 and the (excess) kurtosis coefficient is -1.15926. These values imply that the return value for the survey is _____ skewed, and the distribution has a _____ tail than a normal distribution.

Survey results provided the skewness coefficient is -0.141974 and the (excess) kurtosis coefficient is 1.15926. These values imply that the return value for the survey is _____ skewed, and the distribution has a _____ tail than a normal distribution.

In analyzing the S&P 500 and the XYZ Incorporated in a five-year study, the covariance (S&P 500, XYZ Incorporated) is 9,107.30. What kind of linear relationship does the S&P 500 and the XYZ Incorporated have?

In a boxplot, the dashed vertical line in the middle of the box represents which of the following measures of location?

Using R, Bart wants to create a bar chart showing the frequency of the color of cars that pass over the I-270 overpass at the Main Street exit. What function should he use?

Which of the following would use a contingency table to visualize the results?

Which of the following would likely be used to report data related to gender and phone model purchased?

Which visualization method will Jorge want to use if he wants to understand the relationships between study time, screen time, and academic performance (e.g., GPA) data?

Simone is a marketing consultant hired to review the product sales for a new high-end barista machine line. The product line has four variations, selling in four specialty store regions. To clearly show where each variation is selling best and in which regions, she plans to provide a color-scaled chart using percentage by type and location. What is the name of the chart she will be using?

Which visualization method will Jorge want to use if he wants to understand daily sales over the course of the year?

Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) consists of six phases. Of the six, which one represents the phase where data wrangling occurs?

Cross-Industry Standard Process for Data Mining (CRISP-DM) consists of six phases. Which of the following is the first phase?

The calculated average error measuring the average magnitude of errors in predictive performance measures is called _______.

Which chart allows for a visual representation to determine a point where a model's predictions become less useful?

Of the following selections, which is not a descriptor of principal component analysis?

When using the PCA, all the following are disadvantages except

develop applications for end users

data analyses for business applications

What has happened?

What could happen in the future?

What should we do?

Data that has been organized, analyzed, and processed in a meaningful and purposeful way become _____.

Use a blend of data, contextual information, experience, and intuition to derive _____.

collected by recording a characteristic of many subjects at the same point in time; Recording a characteristic of many subjects at the same point in time

collected over several time periods focusing on certain groups of people, specific events, or objects; Hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly, or annual observations

reside in a pre-defined, row-column format; spreadsheet or database applications; enter, store, query, and analyze; numerical information that is objective and not open to interpretation

do not conform to a pre-defined, row-column format; textual; multimedia content; do not conform to database structures

price, income, retail sales

sensors, speed cameras, web server logs

email, text, social media, presentations

satellite images, video data, camera images

Three characteristics of big data

also called qualitative; labels or names to identify distinguishing characteristics; arithmetic operations on the labels/values are not meaningful; coded into numbers for data processing

also called quantitative; arithmetic operations are meaningful; represent meaningful numbers

assumes a countable number of values

assumes an uncountable number of values within an interval

categorical; least sophisticated; values differ by label or name; ex. marital status

categorical; reflect labels or name, but can be ranked; cannot interpret the difference between the ranked values; ex. reviews from 1 star to 5 stars

numerical; categorize and rank, differences are meaningful; zero value is arbitrary and does not reflect absence of characteristic; ratios are not meaningful; ex. temperature

numerical; most sophisticated; a true zero point, reflects absence of characteristics; ratios are meaningful; ex. profits

each column starts and ends in the same place in every row

something separates fields, typically a comma

structured data, each piece enclosed in a pair of tags, give information in what the data are

structured data with tags, gives information on how to display the data

transmit human-readable data in compact files, supports wide range of data types, parsing is faster

Best for distribution of a single continuous variable

Best for displaying relationship between two continuous variables

Best for side by side comparisons of subgroups on a single continuous variable

the process of retrieving, cleansing, integrating, transforming, and enriching data to support subsequent analysis

a process that an organization uses to acquire, organize, store, manipulate, and distribute data

the process of defining the structure of a database

person, places, things, events

a single occurrence of an entity; represented as a record in a database

attribute that uniquely identifies each instance of the entity; used to create a data structure called an index for fast data retrieval and searches

key that consists of more than one attribute; used when none of the individual attributes alone can uniquely identify each instance of the entity

a primary key of a related entity

specifies the attributes

specifies the tables (more than one)

specifies selection criteria and/or conditions

a small-scale data warehouse

describes business things such as customer, product, location, and time

facts about the business operation, often quantitative format

complete-case analysis; exclude observations with missing values; appropriate when the amount of missing value is small or concentrated in a small number of observations

replace missing values with some reasonable values

For numerical values, replace missing values with the ______ value across relevant observations.

It is noteworthy that in the presence of outliers it is preferred to use the ____ instead of the ____ to impute missing values.

The process of extracting portions of a data set that are relevant to the analysis is called _____.

the data conversion process from one format or structure to another

the process of transforming numerical variables into the categorical variables by grouping the numerical values into a small number of groups or bins

refers to how numerical data tend to cluster around some middle or central value

reflect the typical or central value but they fail to describe other characteristics

gauge the underlying variability of the variable

reveal whether the distribution of the variable is symmetric or if the tails are more or less extreme than the normal distribution

show whether two numeric variables have a linear relationship

a summary measure that tells us whether the tails of the distribution are more or less extreme than the normal distribution

a distribution that has tails that are more extreme than the normal distribution

a distribution that has shorter tails, or tails that are less extreme, than the normal distribution

situational context, specific objectives, project schedule, deliverables; first phase of CRISP-DM

collecting raw data, preliminary results, potential hypotheses

record and variable selection, wrangling, cleaning

selection and execution of data mining techniques, convert or transform data to formats/types needed for certain analyses, document assumptions, cross-validation

develop a set of actionable insights and a strategy for deployment/monitoring/feedback

use for developing predictive models

effective for data exploration, dimension reduction, and pattern recognition

predict the class memberships of new cases

predict the target for a new case