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Study Guide Unit 1 Lecture

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 2hrs 40mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Blood, the heart, and blood vessels compose the _________ system.

a)
  • Endocrine 

b)
  • Cardiovascular 

c)
  • Lymphatic 

d)
  • Pulmonary 

2.

The plane that separates the body into the front and back, or anterior and posterior portions, is the _________ plane.

a)
  • median

b)
  • sagittal

c)
  • transverse (horizontal)

d)
  • frontal (coronal)

3.

Which body cavities are almost completely surrounded by bone?

a)
  • Thoracic and abdominal cavities

b)
  • Cranial cavity and vertebral canal

c)
  • Abdominal and pelvic cavities

d)

Thoracic cavity and vertebral canal

4.

The upper and lower limbs compose the _________ portion of the body.


a)
  • axial

b)
  • proximal

c)
  • distal

d)
  • Appendicular

5.

A(n) _________consists of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions.

a)
  • molecule

b)
  • organelle

c)
  • tissue

d)
  • organ

6.

The simplest structures in which the processes of life occur are _________

a)

organs

b)

tissues

c)
  • molecules

d)

cells

7.

The chin is ________ to the mouth, and the knee is _________ to the ankle.

a)

superior; proximal

b)
  • anterior; distal

c)

inferior; distal

d)
  • inferior; proximal

8.

An organ system that protects vital organs, produces blood cells, and stores minerals is the _________system

a)

cardiovascular

b)
  • integumentary

c)
  • skeletal

d)

lymphatic

9.

A _________plane is a plane that cut in between the longitudinal and cross-sectional axes.

a)

oblique

b)

sagittal

c)
  • transverse (horizontal)

d)
  • median

10.

The gallbladder is located in the ________ quadrant.

a)
  • right lower

b)
  • right upper

c)
  • left upper

d)
  • left lower

11.

A tissue is _________

a)

organs grouped together

b)
  • the structural and functional units of the body

c)
  • an organ with specific functions

d)
  • a group of cells that perform similar functions

12.

Which quadrant is the stomach located within?

a)
  • Left upper quadrant

b)
  • Right upper quadrant

c)
  • Right lower quadrant

d)

Lower left quadrant

13.

The survival needs of the human body include _________

a)
  • food, water, and the appropriate atmosphere containing oxygen and adequate pressure.

b)
  • food, water, oxygen, and the appropriate environmental conditions.

c)
  • food, water, oxygen, body temperature, and atmospheric pressure.

d)
  • food, water, and oxygen.

14.

The diaphragm divides the _________

a)
  • abdominopelvic and thoracic cavities

b)
  • abdominal and pelvic cavities.

c)
  • pericardial and pleural cavities

d)
  • thoracic cavity and mediastinum.

15.

A feedback mechanism that amplifies the stimulus is called _________

a)
  • positive feedback

b)
  • hormone feedback

c)
  • nervous feedback

d)
  • negative feedback

16.

In anatomical terms, the arm is the _________, and the wrist is the _________ region.

a)
  • brachium; carpal

b)
  • brachial; cubital

c)
  • antebrachium; cubital

d)
  • antebrachium; carpal

17.

The term used to describe something pertaining to the internal organs is _________

a)
  • deep

b)
  • peripheral

c)
  • visceral

d)
  • proximal

18.

A feedback mechanism that returns the body to homeostasis is _________

a)
  • hormone feedback

b)
  • negative feedback

c)
  • nervous feedback

d)

positive feedback

19.

The plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions is the _________

a)
  • paramedian

b)
  • frontal (coronal)

c)
  • sagittal

d)
  • transverse (horizontal)

20.

The covering of the lungs is the _________, and they are located in the _________ cavities.

a)
  • parietal pleura; peritoneal

b)
  • parietal pleura; pleural

c)
  • visceral pleura; peritoneal

d)
  • visceral pleura; pleural

21.

All the chemical reactions within a cell or organism are known as _________

a)
  • metabolism

b)

catabolic reactions

c)
  • maintenance

d)
  • anabolic reactions

22.

The thoracic cavity contains which of the following cavities?

a)
  • Thoracic, pleural, pelvic

b)
  • Pericardial and pleural

c)
  • Cranial, abdominal, pelvic

d)
  • Cranial, spinal, pelvic

23.

The integumentary system is made up of the _________

a)
  • brain, spinal cord, and nerves

b)
  • hormone-producing glands

c)
  • skin, hair, nails, and associated glands

d)
  • bones, ligaments, and cartilage

24.

The cephalic region includes the _________

a)
  • the head and neck

b)

the shoulders and arms

c)
  • the cranial and facial regions

d)
  • the cranial and cervical regions

25.

The membrane lining the abdominal cavity and covering the surfaces of its organs is the _______

a)
  • meninges

b)
  • pericardium

c)
  • peritoneum

d)
  • pleura

26.

What type of reaction is shown?

AB + CD → AD + BC

a)
  • Reversible

b)

Decomposition

c)
  • Synthesis

d)
  • Exchange

27.

The monosaccharide that is the major carbohydrate fuel for body cells is _________

a)

glucose

b)
  • sucrose

c)
  • galactose

d)
  • fructose

28.

The valence electrons are those _________

a)
  • located in the outermost shell

b)
  • close to the nucleus of the atom

c)
  • located in the innermost shell

d)
  • active in chemical bonds

29.

What is the notation that tells the reader the chemical composition of a molecule or compound?

a)
  • Elemental notation

b)
  • Atomic structure

c)

Chemical formula

d)
  • Compound formula

30.

To be considered an organic molecule a substance must contain _________

a)

carbon and oxygen

b)
  • oxygen and hydrogen

c)
  • carbon and nitrogen

d)
  • carbon and hydrogen

31.

About 96% of the body consists of what four elements?

a)
  • Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen

b)
  • Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and sodium

c)
  • Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, and copper

d)
  • Oxygen, hydrogen, glucose, and carbon

32.

Steroids are a type of _________

a)
  • lipid

b)
  • nucleic acid

c)
  • protein

d)
  • sugar

33.

The form of carbohydrate our bodies use to store reserve energy is _________

a)
  • disaccharides 

b)
  • starches

c)
  • glycogen

d)
  • glucose

34.

Where on an enzyme does the substrate bind?

a)
  • The enzymatic site

b)
  • The inhibition site 

c)
  • The allosteric site

d)
  • The active site

35.

Hydrogen bonds occur between _________

a)
  • ions and nonpolar molecules

b)
  • polar molecules

c)
  • multiple ions

d)
  • nonpolar molecules

36.

A saturated fat will have _________

a)
  • very few hydrogen atoms

b)
  • no carbon to carbon double bonds

c)
  • significant numbers of carbon-carbon double bonds

d)
  • excessive nutrients

37.

What is the term for a substance that causes a resistance to a change in pH?

a)
  • Buffer

b)
  • Electrolyte

c)
  • Salt

d)
  • Base

38.

A substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance by chemical means is a/an _________

a)
  • molecule

b)
  • element

c)
  • compound

d)
  • nucleic acid

39.

Anything that has weight and occupies space can be described as _________

a)
  • a molecule

b)
  • matter

c)
  • an atom

d)
  • a compound

40.

A covalent bond between two amino acids is called a(n) _________

a)
  • ionic bond

b)
  • peptide bond

c)
  • enzyme bond

d)
  • protein bond

41.

What type of reaction is shown?

A + B + C ↔ ABC ↔ AB + C

a)
  • Exchange

b)
  • Decomposition

c)
  • Synthesis

d)
  • Reversible

42.

What is released when an ATP splits to produce an ADP?

a)
  • Energy

b)
  • Heat

c)
  • Inorganic phosphate ( 

  • P

  • i

  • Pi )

d)

All of the choices are correct.

43.

The element that forms the backbone of organic molecules is _________

a)
  • hydrogen

b)
  • carbon

c)
  • oxygen

d)
  • nitrogen

44.

What type of chemical formula is shown here?

CH

4

a)
  • Atomic formula

b)
  • Molecular formula

c)
  • Elemental formula

d)
  • Structural formula

45.
  • Proteins are made up of _________

  • blank

a)
  • amino acids

b)
  • nucleotides

c)
  • sugars

d)
  • fats

46.

If there are two forms of atoms for an element that differ only in the number of neutron, the various forms of the element are referred to as _________ of that element.

a)
  • ions

b)
  • molecules

c)
  • isotopes

d)
  • electrolytes

47.

When placed in water, ionic substances ionize into _________

a)
  • salts

b)
  • water molecules

c)
  • electrolytes

d)
  • hydrogen ions

48.

The ionization of a/an _________ releases hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution.

a)
  • acid

b)
  • base

c)

salt

d)
  • solvent

49.

Lactose, the sugar contained in milk, is an example of a _________

a)
  • simple sugar

b)
  • monosaccharide

c)
  • disaccharide

d)
  • None of the choices are correct.

50.

This chemical structure would be the general representation of _________

a)
  • a fatty acid

b)
  • glycerol

c)
  • a nucleic acid

d)
  • an amino acid

51.

The _________ are the folds of the inner membrane within a mitochondrion that contain the enzymes for aerobic respiration.

a)

mitchondrial reticulum

b)
  • mitochondrial complexes

c)
  • mitochondrial cristae

d)
  • mitochondrial centrioles

52.

The network of membranes that provide channels for the movement of materials throughout the cytoplasm is the _________

a)
  • Golgi complex

b)
  • endoplasmic reticulum

c)
  • lysosomes

d)
  • mitochondrion

53.

During what phase of mitosis do the chromosomes form a line along the equator of the cell?

a)
  • Anaphase

b)
  • Telophase

c)
  • Prophase

d)
  • Metaphase

54.

One key difference between mitosis and meiosis is that mitosis occurs in _________ cells while meiosis only occurs in _________ cells.

a)
  • somatic; nonsex

b)
  • daughter; parent

c)
  • somatic; sex

d)
  • sex; somatic

55.

After being produced, _________ provides the blueprint for assembling proteins.

a)
  • rRNA

b)
  • mRNA

c)
  • mtRNA

d)
  • tRNA

56.

Substances can enter a cell against the concentration gradient by _________ transport, which is powered by _________

a)
  • passive; electrolytes

b)
  • passive; ATP

c)
  • active; ATP

d)
  • active; electrolytes

57.

The _________ is the organelle that is sometimes referred to as the powerhouse of the cell due to the fact that it produces ATP most efficiently

a)
  • Golgi complex

b)
  • mitochondrion

c)
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

d)
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum

58.

_________respiration occurs in _________and produces most of the ATP formed by cellular respiration.

a)
  • Anaerobic; mitochondria

b)
  • Aerobic; cytoplasm

c)
  • Aerobic; mitochondria

d)
  • Anaerobic; cytoplasm

59.

If a blood cell is immersed in a solution that causes water to move out of the cell, the solution is a/an _________solution.

a)
  • isotonic

b)
  • hypotonic

c)
  • hypertonic

d)
  • None of the choices are correct.

60.

In _________, the sequence of bases in DNA determines the sequence of bases in mRNA. The process occurs in the _________

a)
  • translation; cytoplasm

b)
  • cytokinesis; cytoplasm

c)
  • transcription; nucleus

d)
  • mitosis; nucleus

61.

In mitosis, the division of the parent cell occurs by _________during _________.

a)
  • cytokinesis; telophase

b)

cytokinesis; metaphase

c)
  • cytokinesis; prophase

d)

telekinesis; telophase

62.

The genetic code of _________ is formed by the sequence of nitrogenous _________ in its nucleotides.

a)
  • RNA; sugars

b)
  • RNA; acids

c)
  • DNA; sugars

d)
  • DNA; bases

63.

The replication of chromosomes occurs during _________

a)
  • metaphase

b)
  • anaphase

c)
  • prophase

d)
  • interphase

64.

Which organelle is produced with assistance from the nucleolus?

a)

Mitochondrion

b)
  • Ribosome

c)
  • Lysosome

d)
  • Nucleus

65.

The numerous short hair-like projections that move things across the surface of cells are _________

a)
  • flagella

b)

microtubules

c)
  • cilia

d)
  • microvilli

66.

The paired chromosomes separate and migrate toward the poles of a cell during _________

a)
  • prophase

b)

telophase

c)
  • anaphase

d)
  • metaphase

67.

Mitosis produces _________ daughter cells that are genetically _________ the parent cell.

a)
  • two; identical to

b)
  • four; different from

c)
  • two; different from

d)
  • four; identical to

68.

The _________ acts as the cell's "post office" by sorting, processing, and packaging materials to be transported within the cell or secreted from the cell.

a)
  • rough endoplasmic reticulum

b)
  • Golgi complex

c)

mitochondrion

d)
  • smooth endoplasmic reticulum

69.

How many nucleotides are needed to form a codon?

a)
  • 2

b)
  • None of the choices are correct.

c)

20

d)

3

70.

The _________ are sites of protein synthesis within cells

a)
  • nucleoli

b)
  • lysosomes

c)
  • vesicles

d)
  • ribosomes

71.

Facilitated diffusion requires _________ to occur.

a)
  • a gradient

b)
  • a gradient and a carrier protein

c)
  • a carrier protein

d)
  • energy

72.

How many cells does the human body have?

a)
  • 25 trillion

b)

75 trillion

c)
  • 4 billion

d)
  • 100 million

73.

A nucleotide that RNA uses but DNA does not is _________

a)
  • adenine

b)
  • thymine

c)
  • uracil

d)
  • cytocine

74.
  • Sperm are unique amongst human cells because _________

a)
  • they are produced by mitosis

b)
  • everyone produces them

c)
  • they have flagella

d)
  • they lack nuclei

75.
  • The structure that controls the movement of materials into and out of cells is the _________

a)
  • cytoplasm

b)
  • plasma membrane

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)
  • nucleus

76.

.________ is characterized as striated and involuntary.

a)
  • Skeletal striated muscle

b)

Cardiac striated muscle

c)
  • Smooth muscle tissue

d)
  • Cardiac striated muscle and skeletal striated muscle

77.

________ covers the body surface.

a)
  • A mucous membrane

b)
  • A serous membrane

c)
  • A synovial membrane

d)
  • The cutaneous membrane

78.

_________ are neuronal processes.

a)
  • Gliomas

b)
  • Neurons

c)
  • Neuroglia

d)
  • Dendrites

79.

________forms the inner lining lining the urinary bladder and is specialized to stretch and return to its original shape

a)

Transitional epithelium

b)
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

c)
  • Stratified squamous epithelium

d)
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium

80.

The tissue type that covers the body surface, body cavities, and organ surfaces is _________ tissue.

a)
  • muscle

b)
  • connective

c)
  • epithelial

d)
  • Nerve

81.

Epithelial membranes consist of _________.

a)
  • epithelial tissue only

b)
  • epithelial tissue overlying elastic tissue

c)
  • epithelial tissue overlying loose connective tissue

d)
  • epithelial tissue overlying reticular tissue

82.

________ is the main tissue in ligaments and tendons.

a)
  • Dense irregular connective tissue

b)
  • Loose connective tissue

c)
  • Dense regular connective tissue

d)
  • Reticular tissue

83.

________ are the interconnected bony plates in spongy bone.

a)
  • Canaliculi

b)
  • Lamellae

c)
  • Trabeculae

d)
  • Lacunae

84.

Cells of _________muscle tissue have striations with multiple nuclei, and this tissue is _________ in function.

a)

skeletal striated muscle; involuntary

b)
  • smooth muscle tissue; voluntary

c)
  • skeletal striated muscle; voluntary

d)
  • cardiac striated muscle; involuntary

85.

The bone matrix of compact bone is formed in circular layers called _________

a)
  • canals

b)
  • canaliculi

c)
  • lacunae

d)
  • lamellae

86.

Blood is classified as _________

a)
  • an epithelial tissue

b)
  • a muscle tissue

c)
  • a connective tissue

d)
  • a nerve tissue

87.

________forms the inner lining of many respiratory passageways and may include specialized mucus secreting goblet cells.

a)
  • Simple columnar epithelium

b)
  • Simple squamous epithelium

c)
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium

d)
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

88.

________ contains widely spaced collagen and elastic fibers, and is the most abundant connective tissue in the body.

a)
  • Areolar connective tissue

b)
  • Adipose tissue

c)
  • Dense irregular connective tissue

d)
  • Reticular tissue

89.

_______ secrete mucus.

a)
  • Goblet cells

b)
  • Reticular cells

c)
  • Adipocytes

d)
  • Fibroblasts

90.

The tissue type that binds organs together and provides protection and support for the organs is _________tissue.

a)
  • nerve

b)
  • muscle

c)

epithelial

d)
  • connective

91.

The osteocytes of bone tissue reside within fluid-filled spaces called _________

a)
  • Lacunae

b)
  • Trabeculae

c)
  • Lamellae

d)
  • Canaliculi

92.

_________ contains short rows of chondrocytes between tightly packed collagen fibers.

a)
  • Elastic cartilage

b)
  • Hyaline cartilage

c)
  • Fibrocartilage

d)
  • Reticular tissue

93.

_________ consists of collagen fibers that are oriented in multiple directions, and is found in the joint capsules and the deep layer of skin.

a)
  • Reticular tissue

b)
  • Dense regular connective tissue

c)
  • Loose connective tissue

d)
  • Dense irregular connective tissue

94.

In compact bone, bone matrix is arranged in concentric circles around _________, and smaller _________ bring nutrients to osteocytes.

a)
  • central canals; osteons

b)
  • central canals; canaliculi

c)
  • lamellae; central canals

d)
  • lacunae; canaliculi

95.

The membranes that line the tubes or cavities that have openings to the external environment are referred to as _________.

a)
  • synovial membranes

b)
  • cutaneous membranes

c)
  • serous membranes

d)
  • mucous membranes

96.

.Glands are formed from _________.

a)
  • nerve tissue

b)

connective tissue

c)
  • epithelial tissue

d)
  • muscle tissue

97.

_________forms the inner lining of the intestines and is important in the secretion and absorption of substances.

a)
  • Simple cuboidal epithelium

b)
  • Simple columnar epithelium

c)
  • Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

d)

Simple squamous epithelium

98.

Dense regular connective tissue consists of tightly packed _________

a)
  • elastic fibers

b)
  • reticular fibers

c)
  • fibroblasts

d)
  • collagen fibers

99.

Which of the following cover(s) the brain and spinal cord?

a)
  • Meninges

b)
  • Perichondrium

c)
  • Periosteum

d)
  • Synovial membranes

100.

The connective tissue with a matrix of calcium salts and some collagen fibers is _________.

a)
  • elastic cartilage

b)
  • bone tissue

c)
  • hyaline cartilage

d)
  • fibrocartilage