Font size
WorksheetsExam 2 Review (Ch 17-19)
Total questions: 97
Worksheet time: 1hrs 10mins
The genome of a bacteria is found in what region?
(a)
The domain (or domains) that contain prokaryotes is (are): (a) A (b) cell is one that lacks membrane-bounded organelles. Bacteria are prokaryotic cells that have different shapes: (c) cells are spherical, (d) cells are spiral shaped, and (e) cells are rod-shaped.
Match the following concerning prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes expected to be found in a salt mine
Halophiles
Prokaryotes that occupies a habitat that is characterized by extreme high temperature
Hyperthermophiles
First prokaryotes to oxygenate our planet
Cyanobacteria
Prokaryotic organisms that eat methane as a food source are most likely to be members of domain
Archaea
scientists ultimately identify the different species of prokaryotes by
comparing DNA sequences
Bacteria are --
unique to an individual
different in different parts of the body
important in normal physiology
found almost everywhere on the planet
All of these are correct
Which statement about prokaryotes is FALSE?
a. Prokaryotes are diverse.
b. All prokaryotes are bacteria.
c. Prokaryotes are usually single celled.
d. Prokaryotes are found in two domains.
e. Prokaryotes cannot be seen by the naked eye.
Which of the following does NOT refer to a prokaryotic organism?
smaller than a eukaryotic organism
does not have a nucleus
has one chromosome
reproduces by binary fission
has membranous organelles
At least some Archaeans are called "extremophiles" because:
as a group, they are extremely diverse.
as a group, they only occupy extremely high altitudes.
where they occur, they occur in extremely large numbers.
they can live in environments where abiotic conditions are extreme--extremely hot, extremely salty, extremely toxic, for example.
The term “extremophiles” refers to:
Members of the domain Archaea
Members of the domain Bacteria
Members of the domain Eukarya
Members of both domains Archaea and Bacteria
Members of both domains Archaea and Eukarya
The process where one organism lives with another organism is called ____
symphysis
symbiosis
niche
predator
You cut yourself and the cut becomes infected. The cause of this infection is most likely a (a) cell, which is a member of domain (b) .
Which of the following methods is the most reliable way to identify a new species of prokaryote?
differences in membrane structure and composition
differences in cell surface proteins and carbohydrates
differences in DNA sequences
differences in ribosomal RNA
differences in proteins
Match the following terms concerning bacterial cells
The structure in bacteria that is sticky and helps in attachment to surfaces and protects the bacteria from the body’s immune system
Capsule
Long structures that help bacteria move (or aids in locomotion)
Flagellum
Shorter, hair-like structures that enable bacteria to stick to a surface
Pili
The rigid barrier that surrounds bacteria
Cell Wall
Bacteria that acquire energy for the sun are called (a) .
Bacteria most often cause disease by:
growing too rapidly for the immune system.
secreting toxins into the host.
destruction of tissue.
interfering with vital functions.
All of the choices are correct.
In the late 1800s Streptococcus pneumoniae was widely recognized as a major cause of pneumonia and is still the most common cause of the disease today. Based on the name, what shape would you suggest for this organism?
rod
spherical
spiral
clusters
What is one way that industry uses bacteria or their products?
bioremediation
making cheese
producing products for medicinal purposes
All of these are correct.
Bacteria or Archaeans can live in:
Ice
High in the atmosphere
In thermal vents
Animal intestines
all of these
Archaeans have been found:
in acidic environments.
in alkaline environments.
in hot environments.
in cold environments.
All of the above.
Bacteria that eat other bacteria are called (a) , while photosynthetic bacteria are called (b) .
Scientist believe that ___ caused a drop in the microbiome diversity in the gut of westerners.
use of insecticides
eating more chicken
the consumption of different Archaean
over use of antibiotics
consumption of wild game
The consumption of a diet high in fiber causes the increase in good bacteria, the fiber is referred to as a ___.
prebiotic
probiotic
symbiotic
abiotic
neobiotic
The number of different species in a community describes: (a) .
The diversity of habitats in a region increases the region's species __________.
altitude
area
species richness
temperature
all of the above
Match the following to their correct phylum:
Starfish and sea urchins
Echinodermata
Spiders and scorpions
Arthropoda
Snails and squids
Mollusca
Corals and jellyfish
Cnidaria
The most successful phylum in regards to diversity and numbers is __________.
Arthopoda
Mollusca
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Echinodermata
The domain Eukarya consists of (a) . Like other eukaryotes, protists have (b) . In general, most protists are susceptible to (c) .
The tree of life has been rearranged into three domains based on what evidence? __________.
comparative anatomy
DNA similarities
homologous structures
anatomical evidence
fossil evidence
All of the following are characteristics of insects, EXCEPT:
they are invertebrates.
they are arthropods.
they have six jointed legs.
they have three body segments.
they have an endoskeleton.
You find an animal with no backbone, a body in three segments, jointed appendages, and a hard exoskeleton. You determine that this animal is a(n) __________.
chordate.
nematode.
mollusk.
arthropod.
echinoderm.
Put the following animal adaptations in order from earliest (1) to most recent (4) adaptation.
no symmetry
radial symmetry
bilateral symmetry
backbone
Which of the following lists plant terrestrial adaptations from earliest (1) to most recent(4)?
nonvascular
vascular
seeds
flowers
Animals that maintain their own temperature are called (a) .
Pine trees, redwoods, and junipers belong in which plant group? __________.
ferns
bryophytes
angiosperms
gymnosperms
All of these.
Which trait do ferns, gymnosperms, and angiosperms share?
seeds
flowers
vascular tissue
fruit
cones
Which of the following is NOT a member of the gymnosperms?
Elm
Juniper
Pine
Red wood
The adaptation that is most responsible for gymnosperms and angiosperms being able to live and reproduce in much drier habitats than bryophytes and ferns: __________.
seeds
flowers
vascular tissue
hyphae
All of these
The lineages of seedless vascular plants include:
Ferns
Pines
Junipers
Red woods
The bryophytes include:
Mosses and liverworts
Mosses and ferns
Ferns and monocots
Monocots and dicots
All of these
Place the following descriptions under the correct category for plant groups:
The main groups of land plants
Flowers and fruits
Mosses and liverworts
Pine trees, redwoods, and junipers
decomposers, breaking down dead organisms and helping to recycle their nutrients
all species are heterotrophs
Monocots and Eudicots
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of essentially all plants?
They are multicellular organisms
They are autotrophs
They are heterotrophs
They are eukaryotes
They carry out photosynthesis
An organism that is eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and lacks cell walls is a(n): ____________.
plant
animal
fungus
an animal or a fungus
all of these
Fishes are:
Aquatic animals
Vertebrates
Animals that have gills
Animals that have fins
All of these
Which of the following is NOT an example of an amphibian?
Frog
Toads
Turtle
Salamander
Which of the following is NOT a vertebrate?
Fishes
Birds
Reptiles
Amphibians
None they are all vertebrates
Animals that lack a backbone are referred to as: (a) .
The type of body symmetry in which any plane passing through the body from the mouth to the opposite end divides the body into mirror images is: ____________ symmetry.
bilateral
radial
mirrored
longitudinal
assymetric
Which of the following characteristics do all animals share?
They are multicellular
They are eukaryotic
They are heterotrophic
They are mobile
All of these
(a) belong to the domain Eukarya. Fungi and (b) evolved from the same ancestor. (c) are single-celled fungi that can ferment sugars or cause disease. Fungi play a crucial ecological role in all terrestrial ecosystems, including those in Amazon rainforest. That role is as a (d) , breaking down dead organisms and helping to recycle their nutrients.
An organism that is eukaryotic and photosynthetic is:
a plant.
a protist.
a fungus.
a plant or a fungus.
a plant or a protist.
An organism that is eukaryotic, multicellular, and heterotrophic is a(n) ____________.
a plant.
a fungus.
an animal.
a plant or a fungus.
an animal or a fungus.
Fungi are found:
on, in, and under vegetation.
on and in animals.
in and on top of soil.
in dead trees and animal carcasses.
All of these.
Sitting beside a stream in the Amazon rainforest, you see a dragonfly perching on a piece of grass next to the water. You can easily see its hard, jointed exoskeleton, its three pairs of jointed legs, and its three-part body. You know, therefore, that it is a(n):
mollusk.
annelid.
arthropod.
insect.
chordate
A clam is an example of a(n) (a) .
An example of a cnidarian is a:
Clam
Jellyfish
Flatworm
Slug
Sea sponge
Protists are difficult to classify because:
some share features with plants but are not plants themselves.
some share features with animals but are not animals themselves.
some share features with fungi but are not fungi themselves.
they do not fit into the other groups
All of these
A protist is the common ancestor of:
plants.
animals.
fungi.
All of these.
Which term can be used to describe a protist?
autotrophic
heterotrophic
decomposer
multicellular
All of these
In general, most protists are susceptible to:
drying out, or desiccation
temperature
pH
decomposition
All of these.
True or False: Fungi and animals evolved from the same ancestor.
True
False
Cnidarians are __________.
Land dwelling animals
aquatic animals
arboreal animals
soil plants
Fungi
An example of an annelid is:
A flatworm
An earthworms
A roundworm
All of these
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a mollusk?
They have organ systems
They have soft body
They may have a shell
They have a exoskeleton made of chitin
They exhibit bilateral symmetry
Which of the following is NOT a reptile?
Fence lizard
Leopard frog
Diamondback Rattle snake
Ornate Box turtle
The most successful animal group is the:
chordate group.
nematode group.
mollusk group.
arthropod group.
echinoderm group.
It would be expected that a population geographically located where UV exposure is minimal to have a skin tone that is __.
Very light
Light
Medium
Dark
Very dark
It would be expected that a population geographically located where UV exposure is maximal to have a skin tone that is __ (use answer choices above).
Very light
Light
Medium
Dark
Very dark
Variations in skin tone correlate with a balance between these two vitamins: (a) and (b) . Both vitamin D and folate levels are affected by UV radiation from sunlight. Sunlight (c) folate but helps (d) vitamin D.
Which continent receives the most UV exposure per land mass?
(a)
Variations in skin tone correlate with:
exposure to sunlight.
folate stores in the body.
vitamin D production.
melanin expression.
All of these.
Skin color is determined by the amount of (a) a person has in their skin. Melanin protects (b) from destruction by damaging ultraviolet light. In the total absence of melanin production, a person would have (c) . More melanin means (d) skin. Less Melanin means (e) skin.
Ultraviolet light is essential for the formation of (a) and it destroys vitamin (b) which is essential for cell division.
The ancestral population of humans lived on which continent?
(a)
Which of the following BEST describes mitochondrial inheritance in humans?
Mitochondria are inherited only from the mother. Once the mitochondrion from the sperm enters the egg, it is inactivated. Only maternal mitochondria divide as the fertilized egg divides.
Mitochondria are inherited only from the mother. Sperm don’t have mitochondria, only eggs do.
Mitochondria are inherited only from the mother. Sperm mitochondria aren’t contained in the head of the sperm, which is the only part that penetrates the egg.
Mitochondria are inherited only from the father. Eggs don’t have mitochondria, but sperm do.
Mitochondria are inherited from both parents. Both eggs and sperm contain mitochondria, so every cell in a human body includes both paternal and maternal mitochondria.
Which offspring would not inherit their mother’s (maternal) mitochondria?
Daughter
Son's Daughter
Son
Daughter's Daughter
Daughter's Son
Mitochondrial Eve is ___.
the only human woman whose children survived and reproduced to ultimately give rise to all humans alive on the planet today.
the most recent ancestor from whom all humans today inherited their nuclear DNA.
the most recent common ancestor from whom all humans today inherited their mitochondrial DNA.
the earliest human female to arise on the planet.
All of the above.
Mitochondrial Eve can be traced back to___.
Asia, 150–200,000 years ago.
southern Africa, 150–200,000 years ago.
western Africa, 150–200,000 years ago.
eastern Africa, 150–200,000 years ago.
northern Australia, 150–200,000 years ago.
How do we know mitochondrial Eve is every human's ancestor?
because only males pass on mitochondrial genes
global comparison of nuclear DNA
global comparison of human mitochondrial and nuclear sequences
comparison of African mitochondrial DNA from the past
from fossil remains found in East Africa around 50,000 years ago
Which of the following BEST summarizes the correlation between skin pigmentation and geography?
Skin is lightest toward the equator, where UV radiation is strongest.
Skin is lightest toward the poles, where UV radiation is strongest.
Skin is darkest toward the equator, where UV radiation is strongest.
Skin is darkest toward the poles, where UV radiation is strongest.
Skin is darkest toward the equator, where UV radiation is weakest.
The correlation between vitamin D, folate, sunlight exposure, and the resulting variations of skin tones is an example of ___.
a genetic strategy to increase fitness.
natural selection.
human evolution.
descent with modification.
All of these are correct.
Our closest living relatives on the evolutionary tree are: (a) .
A buried skeletal remains of a specimen has the foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull; this indicates that the skeletal remains are:
Of a chimpanzee
Of a hominin
Of a lesser ape
Of a gorilla
The current evidence show the first homid species to migrate out of Africa, 0.8 MYA .
Homo habilis
Australopithecus afarensis
Homo neanderthalensis
Sahelanthropus
Homo erectus
Which genus of the hominine group is the oldest according to current evidence?
Austrolopithecus
Paranthropus
Homo
Equs
Ardipithecus
Scientists have discovered over 20 different fossil organisms that share more characteristics with humans than they do with any other primates. These are referred to as Hominins. The majority of them have been found in (a) (continent).
What skeletal characteristic indicate bipedalism in hominids?
bowl shaped pelvic girdle
femur angled inward
foramen magnum located on the bottom of the skull
all of these
The oldest hominin species that scientists have extracted DNA from ________.
Homo habilis
Australopithecus afarensis
Homo neanderthalensis
Sahelanthropus
Scientists have not extracted DNA from any fossil homids
Melanocytes are located in the: (a) (part of skin)
Oldest Homo sapiens fossil found dates back ________ years.
100,000 years
200,000 years
500,000 years
750,000 years
In a person of very dark skin tone, it is expected that their melanocytes produce:
small quantities of melanin
large quantities of melanin pigment.
limited quantities of melanin pigment.
some quantities of melanin pigment.
average quantities of melanin pigment.
What percentage of DNA Sequence do all Homo sapiens share?
25%
50%
95%
>99%
All fossil hominids are from a single progressive lineage?
True
False
The only characteristic that is uniquely Homo is ________.
grasping hands
bipedalism
flat nails
over laping field of sight
all of these are unique to Homo
Which of the following correctly lists important steps in human evolution in the correct order, from earliest (1) to most recent (4)?
upright walking
big brain
control of fire
tool use
Members of family Hominidae include ________.
all monkeys.
all monkeys and all baboons.
all monkeys and the great apes.
all monkeys, all baboons, and the great apes.
just the great apes.
The first tool users were members of genus ____________.
Ardipithecus
Australopithecus
Homo
Paranthropus
Pan
Less genetic variation is found outside Africa because of the (a) effect.
Scientists use genetics to trace the evolution and migration of humans. How do scientists know which populations are older than others?
Members of older populations have identical mitochondrial genomes.
Members of older populations have more genes in their mitochondrial genomes.
Members of older populations have more genetic variability.
Members of older populations have fewer nuclear genes.
Members of older populations have more nuclear genes.
