According to Greenfield (1996): “Research is an art aided by skills of? (4)

It means fundamentally more significant as a contributor to the success of a commercial organization and apply scientific, engineering, or technological knowledge systematically to improve performance and it is a process that applies knowledge to create new devices or effects

To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it

To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group

To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else

To test a hypothesis of a causal relationship between variables

refers to the body of systematic and organized knowledge which uses scientific methods to acquire knowledge in a particular field of inquiry.

systematically collects data (facts) and their theoretical treatment through proper observation, experimentation, and interpretation and ttempts to achieve a systematic interrelation of facts by experimentation, observation, and logical arguments from accepted postulates and a combination of these three in varying proportions

These are the BASIC POSTULATES IN SCIENTIFIC METHOD (4)

These are the QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH(4)

Choose the need for research

These are the problems in research(4)

it means making is selecting the best alternative from the available set of alternatives.

It means chiefly concerned with decision-making and its implementation.

- scanning the environment for identifying conditions necessary for the decision.

identifying, developing and analyzing the alternative courses of action.

choosing the best course of action from among the alternatives.

– factors present inside an organization such as resources, technology, trade unions, cash flow, workforce

factors present outside the organization such as government policies, political factors, socioeconomic factors, legal framework, geographic and cultural factors, etc.

factors that can be measured in quantities such as time, resources, cost, etc

– factors that cannot be measured in quantities, such as organizational cohesiveness, sense of belonging of employees, risk of technological change, etc.

factors that cannot be predicted.

also known as basic or fundamental research, aims to expand the existing body of knowledge without any immediate practical application.

what is the primary goal of pure research

It is directed towards addressing specific practical problems or improving existing technologies, products, or processes.

The primary objective of applied research is

it is a comprehensive document that presents the author's research findings, analysis, and conclusions on a specific topic. It is commonly associated with academic pursuits, particularly at the undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate levels

The primary purpose of a thesis is to

This is a type of thesis that Typically completed as part of a bachelor's degree program, focusing on a specific research topic within the student's field of study.

This is a type of thesis that Usually undertaken as a requirement for a master's degree, involving more extensive research and a higher level of analysis than an undergraduate thesis.

This is a type of thesis that Required for the completion of a doctoral degree (Ph.D., D.Sc., etc.), representing a significant contribution to the body of knowledge in the respective field through original research.

Describes the research methods, techniques, and procedures used to collect and analyze data.

Presenting and defending the thesis before a committee of faculty members or experts in the field.

These are the Characteristics of Research:(4)

These are the Criteria for Good research(4)

involves adhering to principles of honesty, integrity, respect, and responsibility in all aspects of the research process.

refers to the commitment to truthfulness, transparency, and integrity in all academic endeavors.

a form of academic dishonesty, involves the use of someone else's words, ideas, or work without proper attribution.

Copying verbatim text without quotation marks or proper citation.

Reusing one's own previously published work without acknowledgment or permission.

Rewriting someone else's ideas in one's own words without proper citation.

Patching together passages from multiple sources without proper attribution.

To mitigate these common mistakes, beginning researchers should(4)

often involves the application of scientific principles to design, develop, and improve systems, products, and processes, engineers also utilize specific methodologies tailored to the unique challenges and objectives of engineering practice.

involves a series of systematic steps designed to explore, investigate, and analyze phenomena in order to generate new knowledge and understanding.

It is a fundamental framework that underpins the practice of science and plays a crucial role in advancing our understanding of the world around us.

refers to written material that presents research findings, theories, methodologies, and discussions within the scientific community.

are collections of papers presented at academic conferences and symposia. They provide a platform for researchers to present their work to their peers, receive feedback, and engage in discussions.

the most common form of scientific literature. They are typically published in peer-reviewed scientific journals and undergo rigorous evaluation by experts in the field before publication.

are longer-form publications that provide in-depth coverage of specific topics within a scientific field. They may offer comprehensive reviews of existing literature, present new theoretical frameworks, or provide detailed analyses of research findings.

are written documents submitted by graduate students as part of their academic degrees (e.g., master's theses, doctoral dissertations). They typically document original research conducted by the student and are often made publicly available through academic libraries or online repositories.

are detailed documents that report on research findings, methodologies, and technical details of scientific studies.

refers to unpublished or non-peer-reviewed material that may still be of value to the scientific community.

A type of literature review that provides a comprehensive summary and synthesis of existing literature on a specific topic. It typically does not follow a strict methodology like systematic reviews.

Purpose of narrative literature review

WHAT IS METHODOLOGY USED IN NARRATIVE LR

a type of literature review follows a rigorous and predefined methodology to identify, select, appraise, and synthesize relevant studies on a specific topic. It aims to minimize bias and ensure transparency and reproducibility.

Purpose of Systematic Literature Review

METHODOLOGY USED IN SYSTEMATIC LR

is a quantitative synthesis method that combines data from multiple studies to produce summary effect estimates or statistical findings.

PURPOSE OF META ANALYSIS

METHODOLOGY USED IN META ANALYSIS

aims to map the existing literature on a broad topic area, identify key concepts, sources, and types of evidence, and highlight gaps for further research.

PURPOSE OF SCOOPING REVIEW

METHODOLOGY USED IN SCOOP REVIEW

evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of existing literature on a topic, examines the validity and reliability of research findings, and assesses the overall quality of evidence.

PURPOSE OF CRITICAL REVIEW

METHODOLOGY USED IN CRITICAL REVIEW

are original materials or first-hand accounts of events, experiences, or research findings. They provide direct evidence or firsthand information about a topic, without interpretation or analysis by others. Primary sources are often used as evidence or data in scholarly research

are materials that analyze, interpret, or comment on primary sources. They provide an interpretation, evaluation, or synthesis of information found in primary sources. Secondary sources often serve to contextualize, explain, or critique primary sources and contribute to the understanding of a topic.

EXAMPLE OF SECONDARY SOURCE (CHOOSE THREE)

EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SOURCE(CHOOSE THREE)

involves systematically organizing and synthesizing information obtained from various sources during the literature search process.

involves systematic and strategic use of various resources and search techniques.

These events typically feature presentations of research papers, panel discussions, keynote speeches, and poster sessions.

focus on a specific theme or topic and involve presentations, discussions, and debates among experts in the field.

These interactive sessions provide opportunities for skill-building, training, and hands-on learning in specific research methodologies or techniques.

With advancements in technology, many research forums now offer virtual or hybrid formats, allowing participants to attend remotely from anywhere in the world.

also known as a research conference or academic conference, is a gathering of scholars, researchers, students, professionals, and experts in a particular field or discipline to present, discuss, and exchange research findings, ideas, and insights

is a free, open-source reference manager that helps users collect, organize, cite, and share research sources. It integrates with web browsers to capture citation information from websites, journals, and library catalogs.

is a reference manager and academic social network that enables users to organize and annotate research papers, collaborate with colleagues, and discover new research.

is a popular reference management software developed by Clarivate Analytics.It allows users to organize references, annotate PDFs, and collaborate with others.

is a web-based reference management tool that helps users collect, organize, and cite references. It offers features for importing references from databases, creating bibliographies in various citation styles, and sharing references with collaborators.

is a reference management and knowledge organization tool that supports academic research and writing.It offers features for collecting and organizing references, annotating PDFs, and generating citations and bibliographies.

is a reference management tool commonly used with LaTeX, a typesetting system for academic writing.It allows users to create bibliographic databases in plain text format and generate citations and bibliographies in LaTeX documents.

is a reference management software designed for Mac and iOS devices. It helps users collect, organize, and annotate research papers, as well as cite sources and create bibliographies.

is an open-source reference manager that supports BibTeX and other citation formats. It allows users to organize references, import citations from databases, and generate bibliographies.

Challenges in Research Forum.Give three

Give Three benefits of research forums.

PURPOSE OF RESEARCH FORUM(GIVE THREE)