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DNA, RNA, Protein Synthesis and Mutations Review

Total questions: 75

Worksheet time: 49mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is a nucleotide composed of?

a)

A phosphate group, a sugar, and a base

b)

A phosphate group and a sugar only

c)

A sugar and a base only

d)

A base and a lipid group

2.

What is the basic shape of DNA described as?

a)

Single strand

b)

Double helix

c)

Triple coil

d)

Quadruple twist

3.

What is the monomer of DNA called?

a)

Amino acid

b)

Nucleotide

c)

Fatty acid

d)

Glucose

4.

What type of molecules are Adenine and Guanine?

a)

Pyrimidines

b)

Amino acids

c)

Purines

d)

Carbohydrates

5.

What type of molecules are Thymine and Cytosine?

a)

Pyrimidines

b)

Amino acids

c)

Purines

d)

Carbohydrates

6.

What type of bonds attach nucleotides together in the center of a double-stranded DNA molecule?

a)

Ionic bonds

b)

Covalent bonds

c)

Hydrogen bonds

d)

Peptide bonds

7.

According to Chargaff's Rule, which of the following is true about the amounts of nucleotide bases in a cell?

a)

Adenine is found in greater amounts than Thymine.

b)

Cytosine and Guanine are found in different amounts per cell.

c)

The amount of Adenine is equal to the amount of Thymine.

d)

The amount of Cytosine is less than the amount of Guanine.

8.

According to Chargaff's Rule, if a strand of DNA has 30% Adenine (A), what percentage of Thymine (T) would it have?

a)

30%

b)

20%

c)

70%

d)

60%

9.

If a DNA strand is composed of 20% Guanine (G), what would be the percentage of Cytosine (C) in the same strand?

a)

10%

b)

20%

c)

30%

d)

40%

10.

In a DNA strand with 40% Cytosine (C), what is the combined percentage of Adenine (A) and Thymine (T)?

a)

20%

b)

40%

c)

60%

d)

80%

11.

What is "A"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

12.

What is "B"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

13.

What is "C"?

a)

Nucleotide

b)

Deoxyribose Sugar

c)

Nitrogenous base

d)

Phosphate

14.

What is the complimentary sequence of the following sequence:

GATCAG

a)

TGACAT

b)

GACATG

c)

CTAGTC

d)

CGACTA

15.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)

double helix

b)

contains ribose

c)

made of amino acids

d)

is single stranded

16.

Which part of the DNA molecule pictured represents a nucleotide?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

17.

Which part of the DNA molecule pictured represents the sugar-phosphate backbone?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

18.

Which part of the DNA molecule pictured represents a base pair?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

19.

Which part of the DNA molecule pictured represents a hydrogen bond?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

C

d)

D

20.

This picture is illustrating the ____ nature of DNA.

a)

antiparallel

b)

semiconservative

c)

helical

d)

radioactive

21.

What process is happening?

a)

Breakdown of DNA

b)

DNA Replication

c)

Mutations

22.

Which is true of the 2 DNA that have been created?

a)

They are identical copies of each other

b)

They won't work properly

c)

They have new codes - different from the original

d)

They will only work in an offspring

23.

Each piece of DNA created is 1/2 "old" and half "new" DNA. What is this called?

a)

Halfsies

b)

Semiconservative

c)

Split molecules

d)

Supercoiled

24.

Purine or Pyrimidine?

a)

Purine

b)

Pyrimidine

25.

Purine or Pyrimidine?

a)

Purine

b)

Pyrimidine

26.

What enzyme UNZIPS the helix during DNA replication?

a)

Helicase

b)

Zipase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Ligase

27.

What enzyme adds on free nucleotides during DNA replication?

a)

Helicase

b)

Zipase

c)

DNA Polymerase

d)

Ligase

28.

DNA can only be created from

a)

5' to 3'

b)

3' to 5'

c)

side to side

29.

The DNA side that is created during replication CONTINUOUSLY is the

a)

leading strand

b)

lagging strand

c)

old strand

d)

A-T strand

30.

The DNA side that is created during replication using SHORT PIECES called Okazaki fragments is the

a)

leading strand

b)

lagging strand

c)

old strand

d)

A-T strand

31.

Which of the following would be a reason why DNA would need to replicate?

a)

During protein synthesis

b)

When growing or replacing a dead/damaged cell

c)

During transcription

d)

During translation

32.

DNA is along molecule that contains regions called _____________ that code for _________ which are the basis of your ____________

a)

codons, amino acids, proteins

b)

genes, proteins, traits

c)

mRNA, DNA, sugars

33.

DNA and RNA are both ___________ which are primarily composed of the elements ______________

a)

proteins, CHON

b)

carbohydrates, CHO

c)

lipids, CHO

d)

nucleic acids, CHONP

34.

In the model of protein synthesis, letter B represents __________ which takes place in the __________________

a)

translation, ribosome/ cytoplasm

b)

transcription / nucleus

c)

DNA replication / mitochondria

35.

In the model of protein synthesis, letter A represents __________ which takes place in the __________________

a)

translation, ribosome/ cytoplasm

b)

transcription / nucleus

c)

DNA replication / mitochondria

36.

If the DNA template is: TGG CAA GTA

The mRNA strand would be:

a)

ACC GTT CAT

b)

UGG CAA GUA

c)

UCC GUU CUU

d)

ACC GUU CAU

37.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code AUG CCA GUA UGA

a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)

Met-Pro-Val-Stop

c)

Tyr-Gly-His-Stop

d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
38.

Which of the codons below codes for Tryptophan?

a)

UGA

b)

UGG

c)

ACC

d)

GUG

39.
What amino acid is represented by the codon UUA?
a)
Phenylalanine
b)
Tyrosine
c)
Leucine
d)
Stop codon
40.

In the model pictured, letter A represents___________ and takes place in the ____________

a)

translation, ribosome/ cytoplasm

b)

transcription, nucleus

c)

replication, nucleus

41.
The process to go from mRNA to a protein is called ____
a)
transcription
b)
rRNA
c)
replication
d)
translation
42.

Which statement about protein synthesis is FALSE?

a)

Protein synthesis is the process of making proteins.

b)

Protein synthesis uses amino acids to make DNA

c)

Protein synthesis has two steps: transcription and translation

43.

A mutation is:

a)

a change in the DNA sequence

b)

a change in the amino acid

c)

a change in the ribosome

44.

TRUE or FALSE: All mutations are bad mutations.

a)

True

b)

False

45.

Original DNA strand: TAC GGT CAT

Mutated strand: TAC GGA TCA T

Compare the mutated DNA strand to the original DNA strand. What type of mutation happened?

a)

Point/Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

46.

Original DNA strand: TAC GGT CAT

Mutated DNA strand: TAC GTC AT

Compare the mutated DNA strand to the original DNA strand. What type of mutation happened?

a)

Point/Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

47.

Original DNA strand: TAC GGT CAT

Mutated DNA strand: TAC GAT CAT

Compare the mutated DNA strand to the original DNA strand. What type of mutation happened?

a)

Point/Substitution

b)

Insertion

c)

Deletion

48.

mRNA strand: AUG UUC GUC AAC

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the mRNA strand above?

a)

This mRNA strand contains 4 codons

b)

The mRNA strand codes for 4 different proteins

c)

The mRNA strand codes for 4 amino acids that make up one protein

49.

_____________ are the monomers for proteins and ________ are the monomers for nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)

a)

Carbohydrates / Lipids

b)

Monosaccharides / Fatty Acids

c)

Amino Acids / Nucleotides

50.

In the model pictured, letter B represents ___________ which takes place in the ________________

a)

translation, ribosome/ cytoplasm

b)

transcription, nucleus

c)

replication, nucleus

51.

The codon AUG codes for _________ which also signals the _________ of a protein

a)

stop, end

b)

methionine, start

c)

methionine, end

52.

I include the bases Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A) and Uracil (U) .

a)
DNA
b)
RNA
53.

I include the bases Guanine (G), Cytosine (C), Adenine (A) and Thymine (T).

a)
DNA
b)
RNA
54.
I am arranged as a double helix or "twisted ladder".
a)
DNA
b)
RNA
55.
The following picture must be
a)
DNA because it's double stranded
b)
RNA because it's single stranded
c)
DNA because it's single stranded
d)
RNA because it's double stranded
56.
The sugar in RNA is ____________________.
a)
deoxyribose
b)
ribose
57.
The sugar in DNA is ____________________.
a)
deoxyribose
b)
ribose
58.

______ delivers the codes like a message from the DNA to the ribosome so a protein can be made.

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

59.

______ is the main component of ribosomes

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

60.

______ transfers amino acids to the ribosome

a)

mRNA

b)

tRNA

c)

rRNA

61.

In DNA, A pairs with _____ and in RNA, A pairs with _____

a)

C, G

b)

U, T

c)

T, T

d)

T, U

62.

What type of impact?

a)

Silent

b)

Nonsense

c)

Missense

d)

Frameshift

63.

What type of impact does this substitution mutation cause?

a)

Silent

b)

Nonsense

c)

Missense

d)

Frameshift

64.

If UCU is changed to UCC, this is a _______________________________.

a)

silent mutation

b)

missense mutation

c)

nonsense mutation

d)

frameshift mutation

65.

If a mutation codes for and early "stop" in the amino acid chain, this is called a:

a)

nonsense mutation

b)

missense mutation

c)

silent mutation

d)

frameshift mutation

66.

Insertions and deletions are also known as:

a)

frameshift mutations

b)

chromosomal mutations

c)

silent mutations

d)

polyploidy

67.

Chemical or physical agents in the environment that may cause mutations are called:

a)

mutants

b)

mutagens

c)

chromosomal mutations

d)

missense mutations

68.
A type of substitution in which no  amino acids change is called 
a)
Missense
b)
Nonsense
c)
Silent
d)
Deletion
69.

At the bottom of a loop of tRNA is an _____________ that pairs with the mRNA and brings the correct amino acid to the ribosome

a)

supercodon

b)

anticodon

c)

DNA sequence

d)

stop

70.

The enzyme that adds nucleotides to mRNA during transcription is called:

a)

DNA Polymerase

b)

Ligase

c)

RNA Polymerase

d)

Helicase

71.

In the model of DNA replication shown, letter A represents

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Lagging Strand

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA Polymerase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

72.

In the model of DNA replication shown, letter B represents

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Lagging Strand

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA Polymerase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

73.

In the model of DNA replication shown, letter C represents

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Lagging Strand

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA Polymerase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

74.

In the model of DNA replication shown, letter D represents

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Lagging Strand

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA Polymerase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

75.

In the model of DNA replication shown, letter E represents

a)

Leading Strand

b)

Lagging Strand

c)

Helicase

d)

DNA Polymerase

e)

Okazaki Fragments

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