Which experiences the least change over time?

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

If farmers use a controlled burn to prevent forest fires, what would most likely be the first plants to return?

Which would most likely result in primary succession?

Primary succession occurs in areas with:

What is an example of a disturbance that could bring about secondary succession?

What type of disturbance can be beneficial to ecosystems and communities?

Producers are ...

Arrows in a food web represent...

Photosynthesis is important because...

Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer?

Which of the following organisms uses photosynthesis to get the energy it needs to survive?

What would happen to the rabbit population if the fox population moved out of the area represented by the food web?

A lichen is composed of two organisms, a fungus and a cyanobacterium. The fungus provides a growing surface, moisture, and nutrients to the cyanobacterium. The cyanobacterium provides food to the fungus. This relationship is considered to be an example of which of the following?

The acacia ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea) lives in the bullshorn acacia plant, as shown below. The acacia ant nests and feeds in the plants hollow thorns. The ant helps protect the bullshorn acacia by attacking insects and grazing animals that come near the plant. The relationship between the acacia ant and the bullshorn acacia is an example of which of the following?

A native species and a non native species are competing for resources within the same ecosystem. The non native species is more likely to survive than the native species in which of the following situations?

In any environment or ecosystem, organisms can have several different types of relationships. Three types of relationships are described above. Which of these correctly describes the relationships between the organisms?

Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) are tall canopy trees that make up a large portion of the Amazon rain forest. They produce large grapefruit sized seed pods. The agouti, a ground dwelling rodent, has teeth strong enough to open the touch seed pods. While the agouti eats some of the trees seeds, it also buries caches in various spots on the rain forest floor. Why is the agouti important to the rain forest ecosystem?

Parrotfish are herbivores that are found in coral refs. To escape predation, a parrotfish will graze with a rabbitfish, which has venomous spines at the end of its pelvic fins. The rabbitfish does not benefit from this relationship. Which type of relationship do the parrotfish and the rabbitfish have in the coral reef environment?

Bats eat insects that damage crops and mosquitoes that are vectors for disease. One million bats can eat several tons of insects per night, saving billions of dollars in pesticides yearly. Agricultural and public health scientists are concerned about the spread of white nose syndrome (WNS). WNS is a result of a fungus that can infect cave dwelling bats. While bats hibernate during winter months, the fungus covers the bats face and wings. WNS has a near 100% mortaility rate, and 5.7 million bats have died since the discovery of the fungus in 2006. Many scientists are searching for ways to protect these bats. The relationship between this fungus and bats can be be defined as -

Some relationships between different organisms are shown in the table. Which table correctly identifies each type of interaction described?

A student performed an investigation in which two ivy plants were planted in two separate containers. One of the containers had earthworms mixed in with the soil, and the other container had soil and no earthworms. The plants were given the same amount of water and exposed to the same amount of sunlight. The student observed that after several weeks of growth, the plant exposed to the earthworms appeared to be healthier and exhibited more growth. To conclude that the relationship between the plant and the earthworm is an example of mutualism, the student must perform follow up investigations that do which of the following?

A remora is a fish that has an adhesive disk on the back of its head that it uses to attach itself to a large shark. When food floats away from the shark's mouth as it feeds, the remora collects the scraps. Drawings of a shark with a remora attached and a remora's adhesive disk are shown below. The relationship between the remora and the shark is an example of -

Four common relationships between organisms are listed in the box. Which statements best describe these relationships?

Which of these best demonstrates mutualism between certain types of bacteria and humans?

In North American forests, two species of birds, nuthatches and brown creepers, forage on the same trees for insects. Brown creepers feed on insects found near the bottom of the tree trunk, while nuthatches feed on insects in the top part of the tree. The difference in foraging behavior most likely affects the nuthatches and brown creepers by -

The diagrams show a partial food web containing the Glyptapanteles wasp and the life cycle of this wasp. Based on the two diagrams, which list correctly identifies the relationships Glyptapanteles wasp larvae have with other organisms?

The ocean sunfish (Mola mola) is a large, flat fish that spends most of its time in deep water feeding mainly on jellyfish. Sunfish often have many species of copepods, small crustaceans, that bury their heads into the soft tissue of the sunfish. Sunfish will swim to the surface of the water and lie sideways, allowing seabirds to eat the copepods from their skin. Which list describes the types of relationships the sunfish has with other marine organisms?