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WorksheetsImportance of Energy for Life
Total questions: 63
Worksheet time: 32mins
What does entropy represent in the universe?
The universe becoming more ordered
The universe staying the same
The universe becoming more random or less ordered
The universe shrinking in size
What is required to build something complex in a living cell?
Decreased entropy
Increased entropy
Energy
Water
What happens to entropy as a cell grows and builds complex molecules?
Entropy increases
Entropy stays the same
Entropy decreases
Entropy is not affected
What type of biochemical reactions capture energy from light?
Chemosynthesis
Fermentation
Phototrophy
Glycolysis
What are autotrophs capable of doing?
Consuming organic molecules from other organisms
Forming all their own organic molecules from CO₂ and minerals
Breaking down glucose to release energy
Absorbing nutrients from the soil
What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis as shown in the image?
6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O
6CO₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ → 6O₂ + 6H₂O
What are chemotrophic reactions?
Reactions that yield energy from sunlight
Reactions that yield energy stored in chemical bonds of molecules such as biomass of a consumed prey organism
Reactions that do not yield energy
Reactions that only occur in the presence of oxygen
Which of the following are included in chemotrophy?
Phototrophy and lithotrophy
Organotrophy and phototrophy
Organotrophy and lithotrophy
Phototrophy and autotrophy
What defines organotrophy and lithotrophy?
Their ability to use sunlight
Their use of carbon dioxide
Their electron donors and acceptors
Their consumption of organic food
What is organotrophy in the context of metabolic reactions that yield energy?
Metabolism in which the electron donors are inorganic
Metabolism in which the food molecules are not required
Metabolism in which the electron donors are organic
Metabolism that does not involve heterotrophs
Most organotrophs are classified as what type of organisms?
Autotrophs
Heterotrophs
Phototrophs
Lithotrophs
What does aerobic organotrophy involve?
Fermentation
Anaerobic respiration
Aerobic respiration, forming stable molecule H2O
Aerobic respiration, forming unstable molecule H2O
What does anaerobic organotrophy involve?
Aerobic respiration
Photosynthesis
Fermentation
Chemosynthesis
According to the diagram, what is produced during fermentation if oxygen is not present?
CO2 and H2O
Lactic acid or Ethanol
Up to 36 ATP
2 ATP
How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis according to the diagram?
Up to 36 ATP
2 ATP
No ATP
CO2 and H2O
What are the end products of aerobic respiration as shown in the diagram?
Lactic acid or Ethanol
CO2 and H2O
2 ATP
Pyruvic acid
What type of metabolism is lithotrophy?
Metabolism in which food molecules are organic
Metabolism in which food molecules are inorganic
Metabolism that only occurs in animals
Metabolism that requires light
What does aerobic lithotrophy involve?
Reactions without oxygen
Reactions with carbon dioxide
Reactions with oxygen
Reactions with light
What is the characteristic of anaerobic lithotrophy?
Lithotrophic metabolism with oxygen
Lithotrophic metabolism without oxygen
Lithotrophic metabolism with light
Lithotrophic metabolism with organic donors
Which organisms are involved in the process of ammonia oxidation shown in the diagram?
Plants and fungi
Bacteria and Archaea
Animals and protozoa
Algae and bacteria
According to the diagram, what is the intermediate compound formed during ammonia oxidation?
NH4+
NH2OH
NO3-
N2
What is the final product of ammonia oxidation as depicted in the diagram?
NH4+
NH2OH
NO2-
N2
What is one of the roles of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
They increase activation energy
They prevent the reaction from occurring
They determine the precise rearrangement of chemical bonds
They store energy for future reactions
What do enzymes do to the activation energy required for a reaction?
They increase it
They lower it
They have no effect on it
They measure it
When do a cell's enzymes ensure that a biochemical reaction occurs?
At any time and place
Only during cell division
At the appropriate time and place for cell function
Only when the cell is at rest
What do enzymes manage in biochemical reactions?
Energy storage
Energy transfer from one reaction to another
The creation of new enzymes
The destruction of harmful substances
What determines the rate at which a biochemical reaction occurs?
The temperature of the environment
The concentration of reactants
The enzymes involved in the reaction
The pH level of the solution
During an endergonic reaction, how is the energy change of the system?
Energy is released
Energy is constant
Energy is absorbed
Energy is irrelevant
Which statement is true for an exergonic reaction?
The reaction is not spontaneous
The reaction requires energy input to proceed
The reaction is spontaneous
The reaction does not involve a change in free energy
What does metabolism refer to in the context of cellular processes?
The process of cell division
The transport of substances across the cell membrane
All chemical reactions that take place in the cell
The physical movement of a cell
Which two metabolic processes are crucial to life?
Those that build proteins and those that create cell membranes
Those that build sugars and those that break them down
Those that detoxify poisons and those that synthesize DNA
Those that produce ATP and those that consume oxygen
Which of the following biomolecules are needed to sustain life?
Proteins
Vitamins
Minerals
Nucleic acids
Which biomolecule is not listed as necessary to sustain life in the provided material?
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Enzymes
Fats
What is biosynthesis also known as?
Catabolism
Metabolism
Anabolism
Homeostasis
What do cells need to assemble during biosynthesis?
Carbon skeletons
Water molecules
Oxygen bubbles
Hydrogen bonds
Which elements do cells need to fix during biosynthesis?
Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
Nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorus
Calcium, potassium, and magnesium
Iron, zinc, and copper
What is required to reduce carbon skeletons in biosynthesis?
Light energy
Thermal energy
Mechanical energy
Electrons
What is the energy requirement for biosynthesis provided by?
ATP synthesis
ATP hydrolysis
Glucose oxidation
Lipid metabolism
Which metabolic process requires energy to assemble small molecules into large molecules?
Catabolism
Anabolism
Photosynthesis
Cellular respiration
Which metabolic process releases energy by breaking down large molecules into small molecules?
Anabolism
Catabolism
Fermentation
Citric Acid Cycle
Which common energy carriers are used by all organisms?
Glucose and oxygen
ATP and NADH
Carbon dioxide and water
Lipids and proteins
What does ATP stand for?
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine diphosphate
Adenine triphosphatase
Adenosine tetraphosphate
What is produced when ATP undergoes hydrolysis?
ADP + Pi
AMP + Pi
ATP + water
ADP + P2
How many phosphate groups does an ATP molecule have?
One
Two
Three
Four
How many times more energy does NADH yield compared to ATP?
2 times
3 times
4 times
5 times
What happens during oxidation?
Gain of an electron
Loss of a proton
Loss of an electron
Gain of a proton
What is the process called when a molecule gains an electron?
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
Why is NADH central to life?
It breaks down glucose.
It provides a way of carrying electrons to the electron transport chain (ETS).
It synthesizes ATP directly.
It captures light energy.
What is the main pathway of glucose metabolism in many bacteria?
Citric acid cycle
Glycolysis
Oxidative phosphorylation
Photosynthesis
What is another name for the glycolysis pathway?
Krebs cycle
Lactic acid fermentation
Embden-Meyerhof-Parnas (EMP) pathway
Calvin cycle
What is the net gain of energy from glycolysis?
2 ATP and 4 NADH
4 ATP and 2 NADH
2 ATP and 2 NADH
4 ATP and 4 NADH
What is the function of the Pentose phosphate (PPP) pathway in bacteria?
It generates ATP for bacterial cell activities.
It allows bacteria to divert sugars into biosynthesis.
It is used by bacteria to communicate with other cells.
It protects bacteria against antibiotics.
Which pathway does E. coli utilize to consume mucus secreted by the intestinal epithelium?
Glycolysis pathway
Citric acid cycle
Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway
Lactic acid fermentation
What occurs during fermentation?
Electrons of NADH are removed from pyruvate, forming energy.
Electrons of NADH are put back onto pyruvate, forming waste products such as lactic acid.
Oxygen is added to pyruvate, forming carbon dioxide and water.
Pyruvate is converted into glucose, forming energy.
What is the role of microbial wastes like ethanol and acids in fermentation?
They enhance the growth of microbes.
They have no effect on the growth of microbes.
They retard further growth of microbes.
They convert microbes into more useful substances.
Which bacteria is known for generating propionic acid, contributing to the flavor of Swiss cheese?
Lactobacillus
Aspergillus
Saccharomyces
Propionibacterium
Which of the following is not a product of fermentation?
Soy Sauce
Cheese
Yogurt
Orange Juice
What color does phenol red appear at a pH above 7.4?
Yellow
Blue
Red
Green
What happens to phenol red below pH 6.8?
It turns purple
It appears yellow
It becomes colorless
It turns pink
What does E. coli do to phenol red in the context of acid production?
It turns it blue
It makes it colorless
It turns it yellow
It has no effect
What is the result when E. coli K-12 is grown on MacConkey Agar with sorbitol?
It forms white colonies.
It does not grow.
It grows as red/pink colonies.
It changes the color of the agar to green.
What does the color change in MacConkey Agar with sorbitol indicate about a microorganism's ability?
Ability to produce spores.
Ability to metabolize a certain sugar.
Resistance to antibiotics.
Ability to grow in the absence of oxygen.
How does E.coli O157:H7 appear when grown on MacConkey Agar with sorbitol?
It forms red/pink colonies.
It forms white colonies.
It does not grow.
It changes the color of the agar to blue.
