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AP Bio Unit 5: Heredity Review

Total questions: 122

Worksheet time: 1hrs 1mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

How many rounds of division in meiosis?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

2.

How many rounds of DNA replication?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

3.

What phase does the crossing over take place?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Prophase II

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Metaphase II

4.

What phase does independent assortment take place?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Prophase II

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Metaphase II

5.

If parent cell is 2N, what is the ploidy of the daughter cell?

a)

0N

b)

1N

c)

2N

d)

3N

6.

At the end of which round of meiosis is the cell haploid?

a)

Meiosis I

b)

Meiosis II

7.

When does DNA replication occur for meiosis?

a)

Before meiosis during interphase

b)

During prophase when the cell is preparing

c)

During metaphase when chromosomes are in the middle

d)

During telophase when the nuclear envelope is forming

8.

What phase of interphase does DNA replication occur?

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

S

d)

It doesn’t occur in interphase

9.

Compare and contrast number of DNA replications between mitosis & meiosis

a)

Mitosis – 0, Meiosis – 1

b)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 1

c)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 2

d)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 0

10.

Compare and contrast number of divisions between mitosis & meiosis

a)

Mitosis – 0, Meiosis – 1

b)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 1

c)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 2

d)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 0

11.

Describe the daughter cells in meiosis vs parent cell

The daughter cells are…

a)

Identical & Diploid

b)

Unique & Diploid

c)

Identical & Haploid

d)

Unique & Haploid

12.

When does independent assortment take place?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Prophase I

d)

Prophase II

13.

When does crossing over take place?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Prophase I

d)

Prophase II

14.

When does the cell go from diploid to haploid?

a)

Meiosis I

b)

Meiosis II

15.

What goes through movements in Meiosis I?

a)

Homologous chromosomes

b)

Sister chromatids

16.

What goes through movements in Meiosis II?

a)

Homologous chromosomes

b)

Sister chromatids

17.

How many rounds of division in meiosis?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

18.

How many rounds of DNA replication?

a)

0

b)

1

c)

2

d)

3

19.

What phase does the crossing over take place?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Prophase II

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Metaphase II

20.

What phase does independent assortment take place?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Prophase II

c)

Metaphase I

d)

Metaphase II

21.

What is crossing over?

4 lines
22.

What is independent assortment?

4 lines
23.

If parent cell is 2N, what is the ploidy of the daughter cell?

a)

0N

b)

1N

c)

2N

d)

3N

24.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Number of divisions

4 lines
25.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Rounds of replication

4 lines
26.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Parent cell vs. daughter cell

4 lines
27.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Number of daughter cells

4 lines
28.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Crossing over? Independent assortment?

4 lines
29.

Comparing and Contrasting Mitosis and Meiosis

You should state the characteristics in mitosis AND meiosis.

Function of process?

4 lines
30.

At the end of which round of meiosis is the cell haploid?

a)

Meiosis I

b)

Meiosis II

31.

When does DNA replication occur for meiosis?

a)

Before meiosis during interphase

b)

During prophase when the cell is preparing

c)

During metaphase when chromosomes are in the middle

d)

During telophase when the nuclear envelope is forming

32.

What phase of interphase does DNA replication occur?

a)

G1

b)

G2

c)

S

d)

It doesn’t occur in interphase

33.

Compare and contrast number of DNA replications between mitosis & meiosis

a)

Mitosis – 0, Meiosis – 1

b)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 1

c)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 2

d)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 0

34.

Compare and contrast number of divisions between mitosis & meiosis

a)

Mitosis – 0, Meiosis – 1

b)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 1

c)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 2

d)

Mitosis – 1, Meiosis – 0

35.

Identify the phases of meiosis

4 lines
36.

Describe the daughter cells in meiosis vs parent cell

The daughter cells are…

a)

Identical & Diploid

b)

Unique & Diploid

c)

Identical & Haploid

d)

Unique & Haploid

37.

When does independent assortment take place?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Prophase I

d)

Prophase II

38.

When does crossing over take place?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Prophase I

d)

Prophase II

39.

When does the cell go from diploid to haploid?

a)

Meiosis I

b)

Meiosis II

40.

What goes through movements in Meiosis I?

a)

Homologous chromosomes

b)

Sister chromatids

41.

What goes through movements in Meiosis II?

a)

Homologous chromosomes

b)

Sister chromatids

42.

What moves apart during anaphase I of meiosis I?

a)

Homologous chromosomes

b)

Sister chromatids

43.

What moves apart during anaphase II of meiosis II?

a)

Homologous chromosomes

b)

Sister chromatids

44.

When does crossing over take place?

a)

Metaphase I

b)

Metaphase II

c)

Prophase I

d)

Prophase II

45.

How does crossing over affect linked traits?

4 lines
46.

What is the significance of crossing over?

a)

Decreases amount of DNA

b)

Decreases genetic variation

c)

Increases amount of DNA

d)

Increases genetic variation

47.

What is the ploidy after homologous chromosomes separate?

a)

Haploid

b)

Diploid

c)

Triploid

d)

Tetraploid

48.

Why is the cell haploid after homologous chromosomes separate?

4 lines
49.

What processes increases genetic variation?

4 lines
50.

What are homologous chromosomes?

4 lines
51.

What process caused the daughter cells to be haploid?

a)

Anaphase I/Telophase I

b)

Anaphase II/Telophase II

c)

Crossing over

d)

Independent assortment

52.

What is crossing over?

4 lines
53.

Which of the following does not lead to genetic variation?

a)

Crossing over

b)

Independent Assortment

c)

Random fertilization

d)

All of the above lead to genetic variation

54.

Which macromolecule carries the genetic code?

a)

Carbohydrates

b)

Lipids

c)

Nucleic Acids

d)

Proteins

55.

All cells have ribosomes…

a)

True

b)

False

56.

What is the ribosome’s role in terms of gene expression?

4 lines
57.

If you take one gene from one organism and insert in another organism, the organism can synthesize the same protein.

a)

True

b)

False

58.

Evolutionarily, why are you able to insert one gene into another & get same product?

4 lines
59.

Mendel described anaphase I as the law of …

a)

Autosomes

b)

Dominance

c)

Independent Assortment

d)

Segregation

60.

Mendel described metaphase I as the law of …

a)

Autosomes

b)

Dominance

c)

Independent Assortment

d)

Segregation

61.

What is the significance of gametes being haploid?

4 lines
62.

The type of inheritance where the phenotype is intermediate

a)

Codominance

b)

Complete dominance

c)

Incomplete dominance

63.

For incomplete dominance, what phenotypic ratio do you expect in monohybrid cross?

Monohybrid by definition means two parents are heterozygous.

a)

1:1:1:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

3:1

d)

4:0

64.

What type of inheritance has a 3:1 ratio in monohybrid cross?

a)

Codominance

b)

Complete dominance

c)

Incomplete dominance

d)

Pleiotropy

65.

Blood type phenotype can be A, B, AB, or O. This is an example of which type of dominance?

a)

Codominance

b)

Complete dominance

c)

Incomplete dominance

66.

What does it mean if inheritance is autosomal vs sex-linked?

4 lines
67.

What type of inheritance?

a)

Autosomal Dominant

b)

Autosomal Recessive

c)

Sex-Linked Dominant

d)

Sex-linked Recessive

68.

How do you know this is autosomal dominant?

4 lines
69.

Mother has blood type O and Baby has blood type O Which blood type could not be the father?

a)

A

b)

B

c)

AB

d)

O

70.

What is the phenotypic ratio of dihybrid complete dominance cross? Dihybrid by definition is heterozygous for two alleles

a)

1:1:1:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

9:3:3:1

d)

9:6:1

71.

Pink is incomplete dominance (heterozygous) Axial is complete dominance Solve for the ratio of pink and axial in a dihybrid cross.

4 lines
72.

What type of inheritance?

a)

Autosomal dominant

b)

Autosomal recessive

c)

Sex-Linked dominant

d)

Sex-Linked recessive

73.

How do you know this is sex-linked recessive?

4 lines
74.

Which organisms have ribosomes?

a)

Eukaryotes

b)

Prokaryotes

c)

Both

75.

You are able to insert genes between different organisms.

a)

True

b)

False

76.

Which metabolic process do all organisms undergo?

a)

Glycolysis

b)

Krebs cycle

c)

Oxidative phosphorylation

d)

Photosynthesis

77.

Which phase of meiosis represents the law of independent assortment?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Anaphase I

d)

Telophase I

78.

Which phase of meiosis represents law of segregation?

a)

Prophase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Anaphase I

d)

Telophase I

79.

What is a monohybrid or dihybrid cross?

4 lines
80.

Assuming complete dominance, what are the parents if the offspring have a 1:1 ratio?

a)

Homozygous recessive and heterozygous

b)

Homozygous recessive and homozygous dominant

c)

Heterozygous and homozygous dominant

d)

Heterozygous and heterozygous

81.

What is the probability of AABBCC in a trihybrid cross?

a)

1/4

b)

1/16

c)

1/64

d)

1/256

82.

How does the phenotypic ratio differ between complete or incomplete dominance?

4 lines
83.

Cross between dihybrid and double recessive: what ratio do you expect?

a)

1:1:1:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

9:3:3:1

d)

12:3:1

84.

Parents:

Green, Smooth x Yellow, Wrinkled

Offspring:

Green, Smooth = 425

Green, Wrinkled = 50

Yellow, Smooth = 75

Yellow, Wrinkled = 450

How would you explain the offspring ratio differing from 1:1:1:1?

4 lines
85.

Parents:

Green, Smooth x Yellow, Wrinkled

Offspring:

Green, Smooth = 425

Green, Wrinkled = 50

Yellow, Smooth = 75

Yellow, Wrinkled = 450

What process explains the recombinants made?

a)

Crossing over

b)

Independent Assortment

c)

Metabolism

d)

Mitosis

86.

Parents:

Green, Smooth x Yellow, Wrinkled

Offspring:

Green, Smooth = 425

Green, Wrinkled = 50

Yellow, Smooth = 75

Yellow, Wrinkled = 450

Calculate the recombinant frequency

4 lines
87.

What is the difference between linked genes and SEX linked genes?

4 lines
88.

A mutation in the mitochondrial DNA is from

a)

Father

b)

Mother

c)

Both parents

d)

Neither random occurrence

89.

How would you recognize mitochondrial genes on a pedigree?

4 lines
90.

What is the expected ratio of dihybrid in a test cross?

a)

1:1:1:1

b)

1:2:1

c)

9:3:3:1

d)

9:3:4

91.

What does it mean if genes are linked?

4 lines
92.

If genes are linked, how would this affect the 1:1:1:1 ratio from testcross?

a)

Linkage will not affect the predicted ratios

b)

More parentals (>50%)

c)

More recombinants (>50%)

d)

Ratio follows 9:3:3:1

93.

How do you solve for the recombination frequency?

4 lines
94.

With linked genes, how do recombinants form?

a)

Crossing over

b)

Independent assortment

c)

Random fertilization

d)

Transformation

95.

If a male (AMAB) is affected by a sex-linked trait which parent passed it on?

AMAB – assigned male at birth

a)

Father

b)

Mother

96.

Which organelle contains DNA?

a)

Chloroplast

b)

Mitochondria

c)

Nucleus

d)

All of the above

97.

Mitochondrial inheritance follows the ____

a)

Egg

b)

Sperm

98.

In a pedigree and determining mode of inheritance…

a)

A dominant trait is found in every generation

b)

A dominant trait will skip generations

c)

A dominant trait is only found in males

d)

A dominant trait that is found in all offspring of affected females

99.

In a pedigree and determining mode of inheritance…

a)

A recessive allele is found in every generation

b)

A recessive trait can be seen with unaffected parents

c)

A recessive trait is only found in females

d)

A recessive trait is found in all offspring of affected father

100.

Mitochondrial inheritance seen in pedigree as…

a)

Affected male and all offspring are affected

b)

Affected female and all offspring are affected

c)

Affected mother only passing on to daughters

d)

Affected mother only passing on to sons

101.

If males and females are equally likely to be affected

a)

The trait is autosomal

b)

The trait is sex-linked

102.

What is phenotypic plasticity?

4 lines
103.

Why would the snowshoe hare change to brown earlier?

4 lines
104.

As temperatures increase, the caterpillar population will hatch earlier. Predict how the hatching of its predator is affected?

a)

Hatched earlier

b)

Hatched at same time

c)

Hatched later

d)

Hatching rate decreased

105.

Identify why many animals undergo plasticity

a)

Different genotypes

b)

Different ancestors

c)

Differential reproductive selection

d)

Different species

106.

Which of these does not cause genetic variation?

a)

Fertilization

b)

Independent Assortment

c)

Mitosis

d)

Segregation

107.

How does independent assortment cause genetic variation?

4 lines
108.

How does segregation cause genetic variation?

4 lines
109.

How does fertilization increase genetic variation?

4 lines
110.

Which phase of meiosis involved independent assortment?

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

111.

Which phase of meiosis involved crossing over?

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

112.

Which phase of meiosis involved segregation?

a)

Anaphase I

b)

Metaphase I

c)

Prophase I

d)

Telophase I

113.

Why doesn’t the law of segregation apply to meiosis II?

4 lines
114.

There were two different theories about how traits were passed down from one generation to the next. How are traits inherited?

a)

Blended Theory

b)

Chromosomal Theory

115.

What is nondisjunction?

a)

When genes move from one chromosome to another

b)

When two sister chromatids are bound during prophase

c)

When two cells do not undergo cytokinesis

d)

When two chromosomes do not separate in anaphase

116.

Nondisjunction causes extra chromosomes to be inherited. On March 21, we celebrate National Downs Syndrome Awareness Day and Downs is caused by nondisjunction. But do you know which chromosome is involved?

a)

Chromosome 8

b)

Chromosome 15

c)

Chromosome 18

d)

Chromosome 21

117.

Why doesn’t the law of segregation apply to meiosis II?

4 lines
118.

What is the inheritance of the sickle cell gene?

a)

Autosomal dominant

b)

Autosomal recessive

c)

Sex-linked dominant

d)

Sex-linked recessive

119.

What is the mode of inheritance of hemophilia?

a)

Autosomal dominant

b)

Autosomal recessive

c)

Sex-linked dominant

d)

Sex-linked recessive

120.

What is the mode of inheritance of polydactyl?

a)

Autosomal dominant

b)

Autosomal recessive

c)

Sex-linked dominant

d)

Sex-linked recessive

121.

What is nondisjunction?

4 lines
122.

Which checkpoint halts to ensure all chromosomes are attached to kinetochores?

a)

G1

b)

S

c)

G2

d)

M

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