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Biology Semester A Review (2023-2024)

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 19mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
A scientist hypothesizes the the temperature at which an alligator's egg is incubated will determine whether the alligator will be male or female. The independent variable is
a)
the gender of the alligator
b)
the male alligators
c)
the temperature
d)
the incubator
2.

Which of the choices below normally goes on the X axis of a graph?

a)

the independent variable

b)

the dependent variable

c)

control group

d)

constants

3.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, what is the dependent variable?
a)
Type of plant
b)
Water, apple juice, milk
c)
Plant growth
4.

Which of the choices below normally goes on the Y axis of a graph?

a)

the independent variable

b)

the dependent variable

c)

control group

d)

constants

5.

Which laboratory procedure would be best for demonstrating the effect of light intensity on the production of chlorophyll in pea plants?

a)

Using 10 plants of different species, each grown in the same intensity of light.

b)

Using 10 plants of different species, each grown in a different intensity of light.

c)

Using 10 plants of the same species, each grown in the same intensity of light.

d)

Using 10 plants of the same species, each grown in a different intensity of light.

6.

What percentage of people like Dogs the most?

a)

120%

b)

40%

c)

110%

d)

33%

7.

The part of an experiment that is used as a baseline for comparison is the ____________ _____________ (two words).

(a)  

8.

Which is an example of a lipid?

a)

fat

b)

starch

c)

glucose

d)

hemoglobin

9.
Glucose (sugar) is an example of a
a)
Carbohydrate
b)
Lipid
c)
Protein
d)
Nucleic Acid
10.
Which subunits make up the structure of all proteins?
a)
glucose
b)
amino acids
c)
carbohydrates
d)
fatty acids
11.
I am responsible for long term energy storage in mammals.
a)
Protein
b)
Lipid
c)
Carbohydrate
d)
Nucleic Acid
12.

The best definition of "organic" in biology would be:

a)
 to be "fresh"
b)
to be alive
c)
to be chemical-free
d)

to have carbon bonded to hydrogen

13.

What is shown in the image?

a)

carbohydrate

b)

lipid

c)

protein

d)

nucleic acid

14.
Enzymes will make a reaction go _______ and use ______ energy.
a)
faster, less
b)
faster, more
c)
slower, less
d)
slower, more
15.

The complete hydrolysis of a nucleic acid would result in the formation of...

a)

nucleotides

b)

amino acids

c)

monosaccharides

d)

proteins

16.

All living things are made of...

a)

viruses

b)

cells

c)

bacteria

d)

plants

17.
What type of cell has a nucleus? 
a)
eukaryotic
b)
prokaryotic 
18.
The picture illustrates a
a)
Prokaryotic Plant Cell
b)
Prokaryotic Animal Cell
c)
Eukaryotic Plant Cell
d)
Eukaryotic Animal Cell
19.

The DNA provides the instructions to make proteins. The organelle that does the job of making proteins is the ...

a)

nucleus

b)

mitochondria

c)

endoplasmic reticulum

d)

ribosome

e)

chloroplast

20.
Controls what enters/leaves a cell
a)
cell membrane
b)
Nuclear membrane
c)
cell wall
d)
cytoplasm
21.

Performs cell respiration

a)

mitochondria

b)

ribosomes

c)

lysosomes

d)

nucleolus

22.

Nannette looks at some cells under the microscope and sees that they have a cell wall, flagella, and ribosomes. She does not see a nucleus. These are most likely _______________ cells.

a)

plant

b)

animal

c)

eukaryotic

d)

prokaryotic

23.
What am I?
a)
cell wall
b)
mitochondria
c)
cytoplasm
d)
chloroplast
24.

What am I?

a)

Nucleus

b)

Golgi Body

c)

Mitochondrion

d)

Cell Membrane

25.

What type of cell am I?

a)

animal

b)

plant

c)

prokaryote

d)

eukaryote

e)

Cannot be determined

26.

This egg has shrunk, what type of solution was it placed in?

a)

hypotonic solution

b)

hypertonic solution

c)

isotonic solution

27.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
28.
What type of solution is this cell in?
a)
Isotonic
b)
Hypertonic
c)
Hypotonic
d)
diffused
29.

Fill in the blank:

Osmosis is the movement of ________ across a cell membrane from high to low.

a)

Carbon dioxide

b)

Starch

c)

Water

d)

Oxygen

30.

After examining this diagram showing the concentration of water inside and outside of the cell, identify the tonicity of the solution.

a)

isotonic

b)

hypotonic

c)

hypertonic

31.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
32.

Which part of the phospholipid is hydrophobic?

a)

The head

b)

The tails

c)

Only one tail

d)

The heart

33.

True or False: The phospholipid bilayer forms with the hydrophobic heads facing outwards and the hydrophilic tails facing inwards

a)

True

b)

False

34.

How is cholesterol important to the cell membrane?

a)

Allows for flexibility in the membrane to expand and contract

b)

Cholesterol is a channel protein that allows substances through

c)

Cholesterol clogs the arteries of the cell

d)

Cholesterol is not a critical component of cell membranes because all cholesterol is bad

35.

The reactants of photosynthesis are

a)

sugar and water.

b)

sugar and oxygen.

c)

carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight.

d)

carbon dioxide and oxygen.

36.

What are the products of photosynthesis?

a)

Carbon dioxide and water

b)

Carbon dioxide and oxygen

c)

Glucose and oxygen

d)

Glucose and water

37.

What pigment absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis?

a)

chloroplast

b)

xylem

c)

stomata

d)

chlorophyll

38.

Which of the following is the correct equation for PHOTOSYNTHESIS?

a)

6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight --> 6O2 + C6H12O6

b)

6CO2 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O --> O2 + sunlight

c)

6O2 + 6H2O+ sunlight --> 6CO2 + C6H12O6

d)

C6H12O6+ 6O2 ---> 6H2O + 6CO2+ sunlight

39.

Small openings on the underside of the leaf used for gas exchange are called

a)

stomata

b)

xylem

c)

phloem

d)

roots

40.

Photosynthesis transforms light energy to _____________ energy to make glucose

a)

chemical

b)

solar

c)

radiant

d)

heat

41.

Plants look green because chlorophyll ____________RED and BLUE wavelengths of light and reflects GREEN/ YELLOW wavelength of light back to our eyes.

a)

absorbs

b)

reflects

42.
Which of these molecules stores the most energy?
a)
NADH
b)
NAD+
c)
ADP
d)
ATP
43.
The main purpose of Cellular Respiration is to
a)
make carbon dioxide
b)
make water
c)
make glucose
d)
make ATP
44.
Which of these correctly lists the reactants of cellular respiration?
a)
glucose and oxygen
b)
carbon dioxide and water
c)
ATP and carbon dioxide
d)
water and glucose
45.
Aerobic respiration requires...
a)
spandex
b)
oxygen
c)
no oxygen
d)
a cell without mitochondria
46.
Which cell process is represented by this equation:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →          6CO2  +  6H2O +  ATP
a)
diffusion
b)
photosynthesis
c)
cell respiration
d)
mitosis
47.

Some cells in your body can switch to anaerobic respiration (fermentation) when they lack ______________.

a)

ATP

b)

oxygen

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

lactic acid

48.
When humans burn fossil fuels, most of the carbon quickly enters the                       as carbon dioxide.
a)
Water
b)
Atmosphere
c)
Sun
d)
Air
49.

Which one of these does not add CO2 to the atmosphere?

a)
cooking with gas
b)
planting trees
c)
burning wood
d)
riding in a bus
50.
In the carbon cycle, producers take in the gas __
a)
carbon dioxide
b)
oxygen
c)
nitrogen
d)
carbon monoxide
51.

Plants reduce the amount of carbon in the atmosphere by taking it in and converting it into...

a)

oxygen

b)

glucose (sugar)

c)

water

d)

methane

52.

What organisms below do respiration?

a)

Animals only

b)

Plants only

c)

Animals and plants

53.

A group of organs that work together to do a job in an organism. Examples include digestive and skeletal

a)

tissues

b)

Atoms

c)

Organ systems

d)

Cells

54.

A group of similar cells that work together to do a job. Examples include nervous and muscular

a)

organ system

b)

Organism

c)

Tissues

d)

Macromolecule

55.

A group of tissues that works together to do specific job in the body. Examples include heart and lungs.

a)

organs

b)

organelles

c)

organisms

d)

atoms

56.

The correct order of organization from SMALLEST to LARGEST is...

a)

cells, macromolecules, organs, tissues, organ systems, organisms

b)

cells, macromolecules, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

c)

organisms, organ systems, macromolecules, cells, tissues, organs

d)

macromolecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms

57.

Connective and epithelial are examples of

a)

Tissues

b)

Organs

c)

Cells

d)

Organ systems

58.

The image shows which level of organization?

a)

organ

b)

organism

c)

cell

d)

tissue

59.

The brain can send signals to the skin to begin sweating. This demonstrates which two systems interacting?

a)

Respiratory and circulatory

b)

Endocrine and reproductive

c)

Nervous and digestive

d)

Nervous and integumentary

60.

The kidney is part of which system?

a)

Digestive

b)

Reproductive

c)

Urinary

d)

Nervous

61.

The byproducts in cellular respiration are removed by blood and leave the body as expelled air or as urine. Which two systems help in this process?

a)

nervous and excretory

b)

circulatory and digestive

c)

excretory and respiratory

d)

respiratory and nervous

62.

This system regulates body functions by secreting hormones.

a)

Endocrine System

b)

Muscular System

c)

Cardiovascular System

d)

Nervous System

63.

A patient has a novel disease caused by a virus. The patient continues to get a variety of minor infections that would normally be fought off easily. This virus may be affecting the patient's ______________ system.

a)

nervous

b)

muscular

c)

immune

d)

endocrine

64.
Maintaining body temperature is an example of a:
a)
negative feedback loop
b)
positive feedback loop
65.

When glucose levels in the blood rise, your brain sends a signal to your pancreas. The pancreas releases insulin, which opens channels in cell membranes to allow glucose to enter the cell, lowering blood sugar levels. This is an example of a:

a)

Positive Feedback Loop

b)

Negative Feedback Loop

66.
What type of feedback loop is shown?
a)
negative
b)
neutral 
c)
positive
67.

When you get cut, your skin cells release hormones that signal platelets to come and stop the bleeding. Platelets then release more hormones that signal even more platelets to help stop bleeding. The hormone signals continue until the cut is closed. This is an example of what type of feedback?

a)

Positive Feedback Response

b)

Negative Feedback Loop

68.
This organ produces the hormones that help regulate blood glucose levels.
a)
pancreas
b)
liver
c)
small intestine
d)
gall bladder 
69.

The organ/cells that carry out the response

a)

control center

b)

receptor

c)

thermoregulation

d)

effector

70.

Which of these types of cells would likely have a high number of mitochondria?

a)

muscle cells

b)

skin cells

c)

osteocytes

d)

red blood cells

71.

A sperm's tail is called its ______________________.

a)

midpiece

b)

head

c)

flagellum

d)

cilia

72.

Which type of specialized cell carries oxygen from the lungs all over the body?

a)

red blood cells

b)

squamous (skin) cells

c)

muscle cells

d)

white blood cells (macrophages)

e)

nerve cells (neurons)

73.

Red blood cells have a disk-shape with a lot of surface area.

a)

This statement describes a STRUCTURE.

b)

This statement describes a FUNCTION.

74.

What is a STEM CELL?

a)

Cells found in the stems of plants.

b)

Cells that can differentiate into specialized cells.

c)

Cells that control your genes to be expressed.

d)

Cells that provide nutrients to your blood.

75.

The function of cell D is to _____________.

a)

deliver oxygen throughout the body

b)

push materials through the body

c)

fight off disease

d)

carry nerve impulses

76.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
77.
In a molecule of double-stranded DNA, the amount of Adenine present is always equal to the amount of
a)
cytosine
b)
guanine
c)
thymine
d)
uracil
78.

Why is DNA important?

a)

it is very small and very complicated

b)

it's in everything

c)

it serves as the blueprint for proteins

d)

because we eat it every day for energy

79.
Which organelle is DNA usually found in?
a)
cell membrane
b)
vacuole
c)
chloroplast
d)
nucleus
80.
Which 2 molecules form the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose sugar and adenine
b)
deoxyribose sugar and a hydrogen bond
c)
deoxyribose sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose sugar and phosphate
81.

What is the correct complementary strand for the following DNA? ATCGAG

a)

TACGAG

b)

ATCGAG

c)

TAGCTG

d)

TAGCTC

82.

If a segment of DNA had 42% cytosine, what percentage of thymine would you expect?

a)

8%

b)

16%

c)

21%

d)

42%

e)

Impossible to tell

83.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
84.

Which letter in the picture below depicts the lagging strand in DNA replication?

a)

A

b)

C

c)

B

d)

None of the above

85.
Based on the diagram, the enzyme (represented in gray) is most likely...
a)
DNA polymerase
b)
DNA Ligase
c)
Nuclease
d)
Helicase
86.
The process to go from DNA to mRNA is _______
a)
translation
b)
transcription
c)
replication
87.
Choose the nucleotide sequence of the RNA strand that would be complementary to the following strand: 
GTAGTCA
a)
UATUAGA
b)
ACGACTG
c)
CAUCAGU
d)
CATCAGT
88.
The main function of tRNA is to...
a)
carry a message that, when translated, forms proteins
b)
form a portion of ribosomes
c)
string together complementary RNA and DNA strands
d)
bring amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes
89.
What process is going on in this photo? 
a)
Transcription 
b)
Translation 
c)
Replication 
d)
All the above 
90.
What is the three base sequence of mRNA that codes for a single amino acid?
a)
Anticodon
b)
Codon
c)
Protein
91.

Which amino acid would be coded for by the codon AGA?

a)
Thr
b)
Arg
c)
Ala
d)

Ser

92.

What is the correct amino acid sequence for the mRNA code: AUG CCA GUA UGA

a)
Met-Pro-Ala-Val
b)
Met-Pro-Val
c)
Tyr-Gly-His
d)
Tyr-Gly-Arg-His
93.

What mutation has occurred here?

T-G-A-C-C-A

T-G-A-G-C-A

a)

Substitution

b)

Deletion

c)

Insertion

d)

Frameshift

94.

Most mutations are ______________.

a)

neutral

b)

harmful

c)

beneficial

95.

A mutation is defined as:

a)

A change in the cell's structure

b)

Anything that changes in an embryo

c)

Any change in the physical features of a human

d)

A change in the DNA sequence

96.

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

a)

They change all of the codons from the mutation on down the line, which changes the amino acid sequence

b)

They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

c)

They often delete things that organisms need.

d)

Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.

97.

If UCU is changed to UCC in a mRNA transcript, this is a _______________________________.

a)

silent mutation

b)

missense mutation

c)

nonsense mutation

d)

frameshift mutation

98.

Mutations can be beneficial because they increase genetic _____________________ and can make the individual and species more likely to survive.

a)

diseases

b)

complications

c)

disorders

d)

diversity

99.

T/F: If you go outside in freezing weather, homeostasis will cause you to shiver to compensate. Thus, homeostasis will always keep you safe no matter the outside conditions.

a)

True

b)

False

100.

Which best describes the stimulus-response model?

a)

Stimulus -> receptor -> effector -> control center -> response

b)

Stimulus -> receptor -> control center -> effector -> response

c)

Stimulus -> effector -> control center -> receptor -> response

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