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Hydrology II

Total questions: 130

Worksheet time: 3hrs 46mins

Name
Class
Date
1.
What is a simple definition of a wetland?
a)
low lying lands with spongy soil that are wet all the  time every year
b)
low lying lands with spongy soil that are wet for a certain time every year
c)
high lands with spongy soil that are wet for a certain time every year
d)
low lying lands with moist soil that are wet all the  time every year
2.
Which type of wetland is best described as, "The plants growing here are grasses, reeds, sedges, and some shrubs."
a)
bogs
b)
fens
c)
swamps
d)
marsh
3.
Which type of wetland would be best described as "usually characterized by the growth of woody plants such as cypress and tupelo trees. "​ 
a)
bogs
b)
fens
c)
swamp
d)
marsh
4.
This is a wetland marsh composed of a mixture of both salt and freshwater (brackish water). 
a)
estuary
b)
fen
c)
bog
d)
river
5.

Wetlands store flood waters. How is this beneficial? Choose the best answer.

a)

Its not really beneficial because this may flood peoples homes.

b)

It releases the water is increments which will really increase the wildlife in that area.

c)

It releases the water in increments ( a little at a time) which slows the water down thus slowing erosion.

d)

Its really not beneficial because this will flood the habitats of the wildlife living there.

6.

where are wetlands found?

a)

only in south carolina

b)

all over the USA

c)

only in ohio

d)

in the ocean

7.
An ecosystem has :
a)
living things
b)
living and nonliving things
c)
nonliving things
d)
nothing
8.
Which of the following is not an abiotic factor?
a)
sun
b)
temperature
c)
soil
d)
grass
9.
Which of the following is not a biotic factor?
a)
mushroom
b)
air
c)
elephant
d)
coyote
10.
Is a deer an abiotic or biotic factor? 
a)
abiotic
b)
biotic
11.
Is a weather an abiotic or biotic factor? 
a)
abiotic
b)
biotic
12.

Many different species of animals, plants, and other organisms living in a certain area is called?

a)

biodiversity

b)

wetland

c)

biomes

d)

watershed

13.

An estuary is best defined as a place where--

a)

fresh and salt water meet

b)

a river meets the Chesapeake Bay

c)

a group of animals are gathered

d)

the water from the land flows into a river

14.

What is one use of an estuary to help increase biodiversity?

a)

Used as a place to help predators capture their prey

b)

Used as a "nursery" to help organisms raise babies

c)

Used as a place the filter sediment and trap pollution

d)

Used as an "overflow" area to prevent flooding

15.

The measure of the amount of salt dissolved in water is:

a)

pH

b)

salinity

c)

solution

d)

miscibility

16.

Which type of water has a higher density?

a)

Freshwater

b)

They are the same

c)

Saltwater

d)

Neither have density

17.

Estuaries act like a ______ to help absorb flood water and storm surges.

a)

forest

b)

sandy beach

c)

river

d)

barrier

18.

Estuaries are not only habitats for animals but they can provide this for people:

a)

Recreational area

b)

Food source

c)

Educational and learning environment

d)

All of these

19.

As you walk out onto North Carolina beaches from your car, you will see the following in this order:

a)

dunes, open beach, then intertidal zone

b)

intertidal zone, open beach, then dunes

c)

open beach, dunes, then intertidal zone

d)

intertidal zone, dunes, then open beach

20.

To protect our estuaries, you can...

a)

Recycle

b)

Stop Littering

c)

Be mindful of your waste and where it's going

d)

All of these

21.
Wetlands are important because they  _________.
a)
control floods
b)
control animals
c)
clean animals
22.

Wetlands store extra water. What role does this play in the ecosystem?

a)

It causes increased flooding of people's homes and the habitats of wildlife.

b)

It releases the water slowly over time, which helps prevent erosion and keeps lakes, rivers, and ponds at steadier water levels.

c)

It soaks up all the water, which dries up nearby rivers, lakes, and ponds, causing them to turn into grasslands.

23.

The Florida Everglades wetlands animals include:

a)

egrets & herons

b)

Florida panther

c)

alligators & crocodiles

d)

all of these

24.

Freshwater habitats, like lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands, cover how much of Earth’s surface?

a)

less than 1%

b)

about 10%

c)

30%

25.

Wetlands can store up to 50% more carbon than rainforests can.

a)

True

b)

False

26.

Which of the following are types of estuaries?

a)

Bays.

b)

Lagoons.

c)

Mangrove swamps.

d)

All of the above.

27.

Those areas of land that are covered by water all year or part of the year, and help control floods and serve as natural filters

a)

rivers

b)

wetlands

c)

seas

d)

floodplains

28.

Why are estuaries important to our environment?

a)

Estuaries filter pollutants

b)

Estuaries provide nurseries for marine life

c)

Estuaries act as home for many wildlife

d)

All of the other choices are good

29.

What is one way we can protect wetlands and estuaries?

a)

Not polluting in our river basin

b)

Dumping chemicals down drains

c)

Littering in waterways

d)

Washing a car in a driveway instead of a car wash

30.

What is one use of an estuary to help increase biodiversity?

a)

Used as a place to help predators capture their prey

b)

Used as a "nursery" to help organisms raise babies

c)

Used as a place the filter sediment and trap pollution

d)

Used as an "overflow" area to prevent flooding

31.

The measure of the amount of salt dissolved in water is:

a)

pH

b)

salinity

c)

solution

d)

miscibility

32.

Which type of water has a higher density?

a)

Freshwater

b)

They are the same

c)

Saltwater

d)

Neither have density

33.

Of the following, estuary animals have to be adapted for varying levels of:

a)

Dissolved Oxygen

b)

Salinity

c)

Temperature

d)

All of these

34.

Which ocean zone allows plants to grow??

a)

midnight zone

b)

photic zone

c)

twilight zone

d)

intertidal zone

35.
the area between the high tide and the low tide mark
a)
benthic zone
b)
intertidal zone
c)
pelagic zone
d)
abyssal zone
36.
organisms that live on or in the bottom
a)
benthos
b)
neuston
c)
littoral
d)
heterotrophs
37.
the water area between the low tide mark and the edge of the continental shelf
a)
nautical zone
b)
benthic zone
c)
nueston zone
d)
neritic zone
38.

MOST sealife lives in the:

a)

Photic zone

b)

Twilight zone

c)

Midnight zone

d)

Deep zone

39.

The zone in the oceans layers with the warmest temperatures that is warmed by sunlight and most life exist there?

a)

Photic Zone

b)

Depth

c)

Water temperature

d)

Mid- Ocean Ridge

40.

Phytoplankton are abundant in this ecosystem, because they are buoyant and float in the upper part of the water.

a)

Intertidal zone (high tide)

b)

Ocean (aphotic zone)

c)

Ocean (photic zone)

d)

Intertidal zone (low tide)

41.
The aphotic zone is
a)
the ocean's dark lower layer where photosynthesis cannot occur
b)
the sunlit upper layer of the ocean where photosynthesis occurs
c)
on the bottom of lakes, streams, and oceans.
d)
where benthos are found
42.
Which zone supports the least amount of life?
a)
photic
b)
aphotic
c)
neritic
d)
ocean
43.
As oceans become deeper, the water pressure ___________________.
a)
increases
b)
decreases
c)
stays the same
44.
Humans can only explore the midnight zone with the help of ________________.
a)
scuba gear
b)
the federal government
c)
submersible vehicles
d)
Jesus
45.
The ocean layers are divided by the amount of __________________ in each layer.
a)
animals
b)
salt
c)
light
d)
people
46.
As you move deeper into the water temperature, pressure and salt content change.
a)
true
b)
false
47.
Sunlight allows ________________ to occur in the sunlight zone.
a)
bioluminesence
b)
transpiration
c)
photosynthesis
d)
voting
48.

the earth's surface from the edge of a continent to the deep part of the ocean

a)

aphotic zone

b)

deep zone

c)

open ocean

d)

continental shelf

49.

Which contributes most in supporting life on the deep ocean floor?

a)

cold water temperatures

b)

extreme water pressures

c)

hydrothermal vents

d)

lack of preators

50.

What are hydrothermal vents and how do they support unique ecosystems?

a)

Hydrothermal vents are fissures in the ocean floor that release geothermally heated water, and they support unique ecosystems by providing a habitat for organisms that can withstand extreme temperatures and high levels of minerals.

b)

Hydrothermal vents are large rocks in the ocean that release cold water, and they support unique ecosystems by providing a habitat for polar bears.

c)

Hydrothermal vents are man-made structures that release cold water, and they support unique ecosystems by providing a habitat for tropical fish.

d)

Hydrothermal vents are natural springs on land that release hot water, and they support unique ecosystems by providing a habitat for desert plants.

51.

Describe the process of chemosynthesis and its role in deep-sea ecosystems.

a)

Chemosynthesis is the process by which certain organisms use chemical energy to produce carbohydrates, and it provides the primary source of energy for deep-sea ecosystems.

b)

Chemosynthesis is the process of converting sound energy into lipids in deep-sea ecosystems.

c)

Chemosynthesis is the process of using mechanical energy to produce proteins in deep-sea ecosystems.

d)

Chemosynthesis is the process of converting light energy into carbohydrates in deep-sea ecosystems.

52.

Discuss the adaptations of organisms in the deep ocean zones to survive in extreme conditions.

a)

They have adaptations such as camouflage, ability to survive without water, and resistance to extreme cold.

b)

They have adaptations such as gills for breathing air, ability to live on land, and resistance to extreme heat.

c)

They have adaptations such as bioluminescence, pressure resistance, and efficient use of limited food resources.

d)

They have adaptations such as flying ability, fur coat, and hibernation.

53.

Compare and contrast chemosynthesis and photosynthesis in terms of energy production.

a)

Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis both use sunlight to produce energy.

b)

Chemosynthesis and photosynthesis both use inorganic compounds to produce energy.

c)

Chemosynthesis uses inorganic compounds to produce energy, while photosynthesis uses sunlight to produce energy.

d)

Chemosynthesis uses sunlight to produce energy, while photosynthesis uses inorganic compounds to produce energy.

54.

What are the major challenges faced by organisms living in the deep ocean zones?

a)

High pressure, lack of sunlight, scarcity of food

b)

Low pressure, abundance of sunlight, excess of food

c)

Moderate pressure, lack of sunlight, abundance of food

d)

High pressure, abundance of sunlight, scarcity of food

55.

What percentage of the ocean is taken up by coral reefs?

a)

10-12 percent

b)

25 percent

c)

less than one percent

d)

more than fifty percent

56.

What percentage of the ocean's sea life lives in coral reefs?

a)

10 -15%

b)

20%

c)

45%

d)

25%

57.

Coral reefs are endangered by

a)

climate change

b)

overfishing

c)

pollution

d)

all of the above

58.

Coral Reefs are found in

a)

tropical waters

b)

waters around the South pole only

c)

sub-tropical waters

d)

A and C

59.

Coral reefs are home to how many species?

a)

thousands

b)

billions

c)

hundreds

d)

millions

60.

What causes coral bleaching?

a)

oil spills

b)

warmer water temperatures

c)

overfishing

d)

red tide

61.

What is one way scientists trying to save the coral reefs?

a)

by growing coral and planting it in the ocean

b)

by restricting access to reefs

c)

by adding new species of fish to the reefs

d)

by adding fertilizer to the coral reefs

62.

What is the largest coral reef on the planet?

a)

Rainbow Reef, Fiji

b)

Great Chago Archipelago, Indian Ocean

c)

Amazon Reef, Brazil

d)

Great Barrier Reef, Australia

63.
What builds up over time to form a reef?
a)
Sand
b)
Coral skeletons
c)
Fish bones
d)
Rocks
64.

Where are coral reefs found?

a)

cold, shallow water

b)

warm, deep water

c)

warm, shallow water

65.

What are Coral Reefs made of?

a)

tiny animals

b)

sand and shells

c)

crabs

d)

plants

66.

What are Coral Reefs made of?

a)

tiny animals

b)

sand and shells

c)

crabs

d)

plants

67.

What does increased carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere have on the chemistry of the ocean?

a)

Increases dissolved oxygen

b)

Decreases pH

c)

Decreases Salinity

d)

Decreases temperature

68.

Coral bleaching occurs when

a)

calcium carbonate is secreted

b)

bleach is used to whiten corals

c)

zooxanthellae are expelled from the coral

d)

coral is exposed to the atmosphere

69.

Chemicals released from an Industrial Plant directly into a river

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

70.
______________________ is the introduction of chemical, physical, or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water.
a)
water pollution
b)
desalination
c)
watershed
d)
potable
71.
Dirt, sand and silt are classified as what type of pollution?
a)
toxins
b)
sediment
c)
nutrient
d)
bacterial
72.

Logging operations used to use a technique called clear-cutting, in which all of the trees in an area are cut down. What type of water pollution will this most likely lead to?

a)

Toxic

b)

Sediment

c)

Nutrient

d)

Bacterial

73.

A farmer applies excess fertilizer to one of her fields just before a rainstorm. What kind of pollution is this most likely to lead to?

a)

Toxic

b)

Sediment

c)

Nutrient

d)

Bacterial

74.

At a research lab, a scientist carelessly pours cultures of living microbes down the drain. What type of water pollution does this cause?

a)

Toxic

b)

Sediment

c)

Nutrient

d)

Bacterial

75.

Can be traced back to the point of origin.

a)

Point Source Pollution

b)

Non-point source pollution

76.

Cannot easily be traced to the source of the pollution.

a)

Point Source Pollution

b)

Non-point source pollution

77.

A ship carrying gasoline runs into shore and spills large amount of gasoline.

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

78.

Power plants cool hot water pipes in a local river

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

79.

Snow melts in parking lots and carries oils into nearby waterways

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

80.

Chemicals released from an Industrial Plant directly into a river

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

81.

Washing your car in your driveway

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

82.

Cattle ranches allow livestock to feed along streams

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

83.

Construction sites sediments wash away into a stream.

a)

Point

b)

Non-Point

84.

______________________ is water pollution/waste that comes from many different sources.

a)
biomagnification
b)
point source pollution
c)
nonpoint source pollution
d)
wastewater
85.
______________________ is water that is beneath the earth’s surface in sediment or rock formation.
a)
watershed
b)
water pollution
c)
wastewater
d)
groundwater
86.

What can happen to fish when there is not enough oxygen in the water?

a)

They can suffocate

b)

They can't float

c)

They can't see.

d)

Nothing. Fish don't need oxygen.

87.

A new mall and movie theatre are being built on the outskirts of suburbia. Trees and brush are cleared away, the land is bulldozed, and a silt fence is installed across part of the development. However, construction is delayed for a year, leaving the land exposed to the elements.

a)

Toxic

b)

Sediment

c)

Nutrient

d)

Bacterial

88.

______ causes deep ocean currents

a)

The Coriolis Effect

b)

gravity

c)

wind

d)

density differences

89.

______ causes surface currents.

a)

The Coriolis Effect

b)

gravity

c)

density differences

d)

wind

90.

Decreasing ocean temperature causes the density of the water to ______.

a)

decrease

b)

increase

c)

stay the same

d)

fluctuate

91.

Which is not true about salty water?

a)

Floats on top of freshwater

b)

Higher density

c)

It has more molecules than freshwater

d)

It sinks at the bottom of a container

92.

What does the blue line represent in the Thermohaline circulation?

a)

Warm salty water

b)

Warm water

c)

Cold water

d)

Cold salty water

93.

What does the red line represent?

a)

Warm water

b)

Warm salty water

c)

Cold water

d)

Cold salty water

94.

Thermohaline circulation distributes which of the following?

a)

heat

b)

nutrients

c)

carbon dioxide

d)

all of the above

95.
Which process does NOT lead to a decrease in the salinity of water?
a)
runoff from land
b)
precipitation
c)
sea ice melting
d)
evaporation
96.

Which pictures shows the correct "Global Conveyor Belt"?

a)
b)
c)
d)
97.

Which of the following types of water would SINK the fastest?

a)

warm and salty

b)

cold and salty

c)

warm and fresh

d)

cold and fresh

98.
warmest ocean region
a)
westerlies
b)
polar
c)
poles
d)
equator
99.
coldest ocean region
a)
horse latitudes
b)
poles
c)
equator
d)
tropics
100.
Comes from the words 'heat' and 'salt'
a)
thermohaline
b)
salinity
c)
density
d)
temperature
101.
As currents warm near the equator, the currents
a)
float
b)
circulate
c)
sink
d)
rise
102.
driving forces behind weather and climate
a)
salinity, temperature
b)
Sun, convection
c)
Moon, radiation
d)
Hurricanes, conduction
103.
If the Earth did not rotate on its axis, there would be no
a)
Greenhouse effect
b)
Coriolis effect
c)
Global warming
d)
Convection
104.
Movements of ocean water in a continuous flow are called?
a)
ocean currents
b)
global winds
c)
air mass
d)
front
105.
The Coriolis Effect is caused by
a)
Earth rotating around the sun
b)
Earth rotating on its axis
c)
The tides
d)
Gravity
106.
Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the northern hemisphere moves
a)
clockwise
b)
counter clockwise
c)
both
d)
neither
107.
Due to the Coriolis Effect, water in the southern hemisphere moves
a)
clockwise
b)
counter-clockwise
c)
both
d)
neither
108.
Warm ocean currents generally come from
a)
The North Pole
b)
The South Pole
c)
The Equator
d)
Both A and B
109.

The more scientific name of the Global Conveyor Belt is _____.

a)

halinethermal circulation

b)

thermohaline circulation

c)

thermodensity circulation

110.
As you go deeper in the ocean, the water is colder and less salty.
a)
True
b)
False
111.
What do ocean currents move around the world?
a)
Gases
b)
Nutrients
c)
Heat Energy
d)
All of these
112.

The arrow above the water is coming down and is blue because

a)

the water is warm so it warms the air and warm air sinks.

b)

the water is cold so it warms the air and cool air sinks.

c)

the water is cold so it cools the air and cool air sinks.

d)

the water is warm so it warms the air and cool air sinks.

113.

The arrow above the land is going up and is red because

a)

the land is warm so it warms the air and warm air rises.

b)

the land is cold so it warms the air and cool air sinks.

c)

the land is cold so it cools the air and cool air sinks.

d)

the land is warm so it warms the air and cool air rises.

114.

The H pressure area involves cold air moving _____________ and is near the _____________.

a)

down ; land

b)

up ; water

c)

down ; water

d)

up ; land

115.

The L pressure area involves warm air moving _____________ and is near the _____________.

a)

down ; land

b)

up ; land

c)

down ; water

d)

up ; water

116.

Air moves from areas of ____ pressure to areas of _____ pressure.

a)

H ; H

b)

L ; H

c)

L ; L

d)

H ; L

117.

A Sea Breeze occurs during the

a)

night.

b)

day.

c)

night and day.

d)

alien encounter.

118.

H pressure areas involve cold, __________ ______________ air pushing down.

a)

less dense

b)

warm dense

c)

more dense

d)

less cool

119.

The arrow above the land is coming down and is blue because

a)

the land is warm so it warms the air and warm air sinks.

b)

the land is cool so it cools the air and cool air sinks.

c)

the water is warm so it cools the air and warm air sinks.

d)

the land is warm so it warms the air and cool air sinks.

120.

The arrow above the water is going up and is red because

a)

the water is warm so it warms the air and warm air sinks.

b)

the water is warm so it cools the air and cool air sinks.

c)

the water is warm so it warms the air and warm air rises.

d)

the land is warm so it warms the air and cool air sinks.

121.

The H pressure area involves cold air moving _____________ and is near the _____________.

a)

up ; land

b)

down ; water

c)

down ; moon

d)

down ; land

122.

Air moves from areas of ______ pressure to areas of _____ pressure.

a)

H ; L

b)

L ; L

c)

H ; H

d)

L ; H

123.

L pressure areas involve warm, __________ ______________ air moving upward.

a)

less dense

b)

more dense

c)

less cold

d)

more cold

124.
If I heat up 2 pans of water one has 100 mL in it and one has 1000mL. Which one heats up the fastest?
a)
100 mL
b)
1000 mL
c)
They both heat up at the same speed
d)
They cool down.
125.

Which of the following best explains why the sand at the beach is hotter than the water?

a)

Sand has a higher specific heat than water.

b)

Sand has a lower specific heat than water.

c)

There is more water than sand at the beach.

d)

There is more sand than water at the beach.

126.

The amount of energy required to raise the temperature 1ºC for every gram is called____?

a)

Thermal Energy

b)

Specific Heat

c)

Temperature

d)

Kinetic Energy

127.
What would be the effect on the particles if more heat is supplied to the system?
a)
They would slow down
b)
They would stop moving
c)
They would speed up
d)
There would be no effect
128.
A high specific heat means...
a)
It heats up quickly with energy added
b)
It requires more energy to change temperature
129.
Water's high heat capacity means water:
a)
Evaporates quickly
b)
Is a liquid at room temperature
c)
Heats and cools slowly
d)
Is the universal solvent
130.

The Gulf Stream is a warm water current that:

a)

Has a high heat capacity

b)

Transports cool water to the equator

c)

Warms up the northern latitudes

d)

Regulates local weather

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Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade