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WorksheetsSemester 2 Earth Science Exam 2023-2024
Total questions: 184
Worksheet time: 4hrs 36mins
Dinosaurs were living during Mesozoic, Triassic and Jurassic eras and eventually became extinct during the Cretaceous period. In all of these eras dinosaur fossils were found. What does this evidence tell scientists about how natural processes have changed Earth over time?
Dinosaurs fossils in varying rock layers show that as the population changed they were fossilized in different rock layers by Earth’s natural processes.
Dinosaur fossils take a long time to form and demonstrate how long the natural processes take to change the
Earth
Dinosaur fossils are formed within layers of sedimentary rock that were laid down by natural Earth processes which
no longer occur today showing how Earth has changed.
How do these rock formations support the idea that Earth has changed due to natural processes?
It has changed because of Erosion
It has changed because of Plate Tectonics
It has changed because of gravitational pulls of the Earth
It has changed because of different rock layers.
The Law of Superposition states that
the older layers of rock are at the bottom
the older layer of rock are at the top
the younger layer of rock is at the bottom
the younger layer of rock is in the middle
If we want to figure out the age of layers from two different locations what would be the best way to do so?
We can compare the fossils found in the layers of one location to the fossils in the other location
We can use the law of superposition to figure out the rate of layer formation
Radioactive dating to compare the age of the rocks in the layers
Compare the number of layers in each location
What is relative dating?
used to determine a fossils approximate age by comparing it to similar rocks and fossils of known ages.
used to determine the precise age of a fossil by using radioactive dating to measure.
Order of layers from oldest to youngest
Used to determine the location of the rocks around the world.
Is fossil creation a natural process?
Yes
No
Sometimes
what is a fossil?
Why may fossil of the same organism be found on different continents?
Because the continents were once together
Similar fossils should not be found on different continents
Because fossils change over time
Because of the Evolution of the Earth
Which statement is correct
Layer 2 is younger than layer 4
Layer 1 is younger than layer 4
Layer 2 is older than layer 1
Layer 3 is younger than layer 1
Which of the following statements is incorrect?
Layer 4 is younger than 3
Layer 1 is older than 3
Layer 4 is older than 2
Layer 2 is older than 4
If Scientist we studying bones of animals that became igneous rock fossils. Why would they use radioactive dating to study the igneous rock?
It is the easiest method to determine age
The rate of decay in the rock provide an accurate way to calculate age.
This method tell them the exact age of the rock which is what they are looking for .
They would use relative dating instead.
Which of these choices is the best definition of absolute dating?
determining the age of a rock layer by studying the fossils present
finding the age of an object compared to other objects
measuring the age of an object in years using any method
determining the amount of a radioactive isotope in an object
What is the method of measuring age that gives the most precise results?
radioactive dating, when scientists measure the levels of an isotopic element inside of an object
rate of sedimentation, which dates layers of Earth based on their thickness
law of superposition, which dates layers of Earth based on their order
B. relative dating, when scientists fill an object with carbon and measure how much will fit
Which method determines the relative age of Earth's sedimentary layers based on their organization?
rate of sedimentation
law of suspension
radioactive dating
Fossil Comparison
Which of these choices is an example of the way a geologist would use
relative dating (The Law of Superposition)?
determining the minerals that make
up rocks
placing rock layers in order of
oldest to youngest
classifying rocks as igneous,
sedimentary, or metamorphic
using radioactive isotopes to
determine the exact age of rock samples
. Which of these statements describes what happens during radioactive decay?
A Stable isotope interacts with an unstable isotope
A stable isotope breaks down and becomes unstable
An unstable isotope breaks down into a more stable isotope.
An unstable isotope interacts with another unstable isotope.
How would a geologist determine the age of mountains formed by the upwelling of igneous rock?
use radioactive dating to date water in a lake in the mountains
use radioactive dating to date Earth's outer core below the mountains
use radioactive dating to date only the bedrock underneath the mountains
use radioactive dating to date the igneous rock and the topmost layer of soil
Limestone can be found at the top of the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world. Limestone is a rock that usually forms at the bottom of shallow, warm waters. What does this information show about Earth?
It shows that Earth has not changed much over the years as limestone has adapted to forming on mountain peaks.
It shows that Earth has evolved over time as areas of land that have once been covered in water, but no longer are.
It shows that Earth circulates its minerals so often that limestone always ends up on the peaks of mountains.
It shows that Earth has mostly convergent plate boundaries that push limestone from the ocean floor to the top of mountains.
At one time, several kinds of camels lived in Florida. The evidence comes from fossils found in Florida. Which of these objects would be a fossil that shows that camels once lived in Florida?
Sinkhole formed by a retreating glacier
sedimentary rock that formed a long time ago
crystal formation suspended from the ceiling of a cave
remains of an organism preserved by geologic processes
Radioactive dating measures the rate of decay of radioactive materials in rocks. A geologist determines the age of a rock by comparing the amount of radioactive material with the amounts of its decay products. How could a geologist best use information from one rock to learn about the time period over which a canyon formed?
The geologist could compare the age of one rock with the ages of rocks from another canyon.
The geologist could compare the age of one rock with the ages of many living plants.
The geologist could compare the age of one rock with the age of Earth.
The geologist could compare the age of one rock with the ages of many nearby rocks.
The timeline above shows changes that occurred in the Sahara Desert throughout history.
What does this timeline suggest about Earth?
It suggests that Earth has changed over time since human fossils became present in the Sahara after 9,000 years, indicating that the environment had been suitable enough to support human life at one time.
It suggests that Earth has not changed much over time since human fossils were present as early as 9,000 years ago, indicating that Earth's environment has almost always been suitable for the presence of life.
It suggests that Earth's deserts always receive monsoon rains every 1,000 years.
It suggests that Earth is only able to preserve fossils in environments that are desert like.
Analyze the image Above. According to the Law of Superposition, which sequence of letters describes the rock layers in the diagram from oldest to youngest?
D,C,B,A
A,B,C,D
A,B,D,C
C,D,B,A
The diagram above is cross-section of Earth’s sedimentary rock. Based on the Law of Superposition, which statement best compares the relative age of two rock layers?
Layer 7 is older than layer 5
Layer 2 is older than layer 7
Layer 5 is younger than layer 3
Layers 3 and 4 are the same age
Directions: The images show slices of sedimentary rock in Earth's surface in two different locations. Use the images to answer any questions that follow.
Which layer is most likely the oldest in location 1?
layer Q
layer R
layer S
layer T
Directions: The images below show slices of
sedimentary rock in Earth's surface in two different locations. Use the images to answer any question that follow.
What would be the best way to compare the ages of layers of the same slice?
by comparing the fossils in each layer, which will have the newest fossils on the bottom and the oldest fossils on the top
by using the law of superposition, which says the oldest rock will be on the bottom, and the newest rock on the top
by using radioactive dating, which measures the amount of carbon-14 in an object and compares to its decay rate
by comparing the rate of sedimentation, which says the layer that formed the quickest will be the oldest
The many methods of radioactive dating include the uranium-lead dating method and the potassium-argon dating method. Why do geologists use a variety of methods to date rocks on earth?
Many events in Earth's history caused rocks that formed on Earth's surface to form in Earth's inner core.
Different events in Earth's history caused different rocks to form on Earth's surface.
There are not enough differences among the events that caused rocks to form on Earth's surface.
Many events in Earth's history caused rocks that formed on Earth to form on the Moon.
Which of the following best describes an intrusive rock?
rocks formed from erosion
rocks formed from weathering
rocks that pushes up from underneath
rocks on the surface of the grand canyon
In which situation would a scientist prefer to use the Law of Superposition over radioactive dating?
A. to determine which mountain peak on Earth’s surface is the nearest
to determine which layer of sedimentary rocks at the bottom of a lake is oldest
to determine whether two dinosaurs whose fossils are found on different continents lived in the same time period
to determine the exact age of a human skeleton found in an ancient tomb
In 1997 a team of scientists discovered three fossilized skulls and other artifacts at a dig site in Ethiopia, Africa. Since it is difficult to determine the age of once-living organisms, the scientists used radioactive dating on the igneous rocks that surrounded the remains to determine their age. Why would scientists use radioactive dating in order to determine the age of the fossil they discovered?
Radioactive dating is an easier and less expensive method than applying the law of superposition for approximating the age of igneous rocks.
. Radioactive dating is specific and gives the exact date that a rock was formed while the law of superposition gives an approximate estimate of ages.
Radioactive dating gives an approximate estimate of the age of the igneous rocks, while the law of superposition will only reveal which is younger or older.
Radioactive dating determines whether the igneous rocks are older or younger than deeper layers of rocks, while the using the law of superposition depends on tectonic events.
A geologist was exploring a deep cave in the desert, and discovered a fossilized school of fish. Which option below most likely explains why the geologist would find fish fossils in a desert cave?
Local wildlife went into the cave and had brought the fish to eat and then left, the fish scraps left behind in the cave became fossilized.
A few hundred years ago the lake that was there was used to irrigate the local farm lands and the lake was drained leaving the fish in the lake to be fossilized in the rock.
During the recent rainy season fish were able to swim in the flood waters to the cave, once trapped, they died and were fossilized in the rock.
Millions of years ago the desert was a lake that had fish, over time the Earth changed, the lake became a desert, and the fish in the lake were fossilized.
Trilobites are a species of invertebrate fossils commonly found in places such as the Grand Canyon, a large landform made of many rock layers and coastal Florida. Trilobites lived in shallow marine environments and varied widely in size.
Trilobite fossils are in both rocky and marine areas proving that Earth has changed by natural processes.
Trilobite fossils are only in marine areas, showing how Earth has not been changed by natural processes.
Trilobite fossils are found in rock layers that were laid down by natural processes which no longer occurs today.
Trilobite fossils are found in marine areas under the Earth's surface compressed by natural processes over time.
The earth is ______________of years old
Hundreds
Millions
Billions
Trillions
Mammals are a dominant group in which era?
Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Cambrianozoic
What era did the formation of the earth occur?
Paleozoic
Precambrian
Cenozoic
Cambrian
How old do Paleontologists believe the Earth is?
2019 years old
3.6 billion years old
4.6 billion years old
4.6 million years old
What type of event usually marks the end of an Era
A Mass Extinction
A Quinceanera
An earthquake
A Volcanic Eruption
What are the four eras in order from OLDEST to NEWEST?
Pre-Cambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic
Pre-Cambrian, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Cenozoic
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic, Pre-Cambrian
Mesozoic, Pre-Cambrian, Cenozoic, Paleozoic
What era did trilobites, fishes, and other marine organisms dominate?
Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
Which era is the most recent, the one that we are currently in?
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Cenozoic
Precambrian
Scientists chose where units of geologic time began and ended based on the appearance or disappearance of life.
true
false
The dinosaurs and reptiles were dominant in which Era?
Precambrian
Mesozoic
Paleozoic
Cenozoic
90% of Earth’s history occurred during which era?
Precambrian
Paleozoic
Mesozoic
Cenozoic
At the end of this era, multi-cellular organisms like sponges, jellyfish and worms filled the oceans.
Precambrian Era
Paleozoic Era
Mesozoic Era
Cenozoic Era
Nonrenewable resources
can be replenished.
cannot be replenished.
are not limited.
are not fossil fuels.
How does population growth affect natural resources?
The more people on the planet, the less natural resources that are available for each person.
The less people on the planet, the less natural resources that are available for each person.
The more people on the planet, the more natural resources that are available for each person.
Which of the following natural resources are nonrenewable?
Water
Animals
Nuclear
Wind
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable because...
they are used to produce heat.
they take a long time to form.
they can be found underground.
Diamonds and other minerals
nonrenewable.
renewable.
Which group includes ALL renewable resources?
Coal, Trees, Water, Oil
Water, Wind, Sun, Plants
Minerals, Sun, Natural Gas, Water
Which of these is renewable?
Biomass
Oil
Coal
Minerals
We dig metal out of the Earth to make steel for buildingsand automobiles. Metal is a nonrenewable resource.
True
False
Why is water a renewable resource?
It can be frozen into ice.
It evaporates into air.
It is constantly replaced.
Oil, coal, and natural gas are considered __________ ___________ because it takes millions of years for them to form.
nonrenewable resources
renewable resources
energy resources
very expensive
Which of the following is NOT a natural resource?
Electricity
Crops
Uranium
Which of these is not a fossil fuel?
Coal
Oil
Electricity
Natural Gas
5. The Earth provides humans with an unlimited amount of fossil fuels. They are considered renewable.
True
False
Why are fossils fuels so widely used?
They are renewable so they won't run out.
They pollution they produce is less compared to renewable energy sources.
They are easy to obtain and process.
They don't disrupt the environment when mined from the earth.
Fossil fuel is an energy providing material that comes from
long-dead remains of living things.
the center of the Earth.
out space.
the atmosphere.
Which of the following is NOT a fossil fuel.
coal
carbon dioxide
petroleum oil
natural gas
The fuel used in power plants to make electricity is
natural gas.
petroleum oil.
coal.
water.
Most energy modern people use comes from
nuclear power.
using wind energy.
using the sun's energy.
burning fossil fuels.
The remains that transformed into fossil fuels were buried for
a few hundred years.
millions of years.
less than 20,000 years.
hardly any time at all.
Heat and _____________ transformed living things into fossil fuels.
pressure
air
gas
water
There is a limited amount of fossil fuels.
true
false
Fossil fuels are a _______________________.
renewable resource
unknown resource
nonrenewable resource
new resource
The supply of fossil fuels is NOT rapidly depleting.
true
false
Burning fossil fuels causes ____________ and ____________.
acid rain
clean air
air pollution
clean cities
Fossil fuel burning releases large amounts of _______________.
oxygen
carbon dioxide
nitrogen
carbon monoxide
_____________ and ____________ trap heat in Earth's atmosphere.
oxygen
carbon dioxide
greenhouse gases
nitrogen
Term for high temperatures in the sun's core cause hydrogen nuclei to fuse, forming helium nuclei
Passive Solar energy
Thermonuclear fusion
Hydroelectric Energy
PV cells
What is an advantage of thermonuclear fusion
Free
Polluting
Not constant
Efficient
Term for the sun's energy being collected, stored, and distributed naturally in an enclosed dwelling
Thermonuclear fusion
Active Solar energy
Passive Solar Energy
Nuclear Fusion
True or False: Solar One in the Mojave Desert can produce enough electricity for a town of 30,000 people
True
False
What is a photovoltaic (PV) cell made of?
Natural Gas
Two slices of semiconductor material joined together
Hydrogen and oxygen
Energy from flowing water
What percentage of the world's electricity comes from flowing water?
20
50
75
12
What can be a benefit of a dam?
Helps navigation of boats
alters animal life
alters depth
causes erosion
What is an advantage of solar energy?
it's free
it can't be stored
devices to harness it are very efficient
it's constant and reliable
If the coils spin through a magnetic field, what is it generating?
Light
Money
Electricity
Food
Where does geothermal energy come from?
inside the Earth
the Earth's surface
radiation from the sun
moving water
What type of alternative energy is generated by a dam?
solar
wind
geothermal
hydroelectric
We don't use nuclear fusion as an energy source. Why?
It creates extremely radioactive waste
It's not efficient; low energy output
It's too expensive to make sense
Scientists haven't learned how to harness and control the energy
What could be an advantage of harnessing energy from ocean tides?
It would save wetlands in danger
The ocean tides contain huge amounts of energy
The tidal difference is always enough to power generators
It would generate enough energy to power inland areas
Which is a renewable energy source?
natural gas
coal
petroleum
solar power
BONUS: Who lives in a pineapple under the sea?
Mr.Krabs
Squidward
SPONGEBOB SQUAREPANTS
Patrick
What is the process by which plants absorb light and use its energy to produce glucose and oxygen?
Transpiration
Photosynthesis
Respiration
Fermentation
What is the main byproduct of the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen in a fuel cell?
Methane
Water
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
What is the most abundant element in the universe?
Carbon
Oxygen
Hydrogen
Nitrogen
What is the main fuel used in nuclear fission?
Lead
Plutonium
Thorium
Uranium
What is the main drawback of nuclear power in terms of waste?
Methane emissions
Sulfur dioxide emissions
Radioactive waste
Carbon Dioxide emissions
What is the main challenge in providing energy from nuclear fusion?
Intense heat and pressure
Lack of skilled engineers
Lack of suitable materials
Lack of funding
What is the main advantage of hydrogen fuel cells for indoor vehicles like forklifts?
Low emissions
Low maintenance
Low weight
Low cost
What is the main source of energy for biomass energy?
Sunlight
Wind
Chemical reactions
Geothermal heat
What is the main drawback of using biomass for power in terms of resources?
High emissions
High cost
High water usage
Competition with food production
What is the main challenge in producing hydrogen fuel through electrolysis?
High energy consumption
Lack of skilled engineers
Lack of suitable materials
High cost
Place the inner planets in order from CLOSEST to the sun from FARTHEST.
Mercury
Venus
Earth
Mars
Place the outer planets in order from CLOSEST to the sun from FARTHEST.
Jupiter
Saturn
Uranus
Neptune
Match the following:
Rotate
planets spinning on their axes
Revolve
planets orbiting the sun
terrestrial planets
inner planets/rocky surfaces
gas giants
outer planets
dwarf planets
smaller objects that do not qualify as planets
The (a) planets have fewer moons because they are (b) than the gas giants. The (c) planets all have (d) because they have (e) masses than the terrestrial planets.
The planets were named for Greek and Roman gods. (a) was named after the messenger god since it orbits the sun so quickly. (b) was named for the sky-god Zeus, while (c) was named for the god of the sea. (d) is named for the god of war because of its red color, while (e) was named for the goddess of love and beauty.
Order the planets from largest to smallest:
Jupiter
Neptune
Venus
Mercury
Which planet... is called the morning star?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... has the most craters?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... has two moons?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... is compared to Earth's moon?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... is the hottest planet?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... supports life?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... has the largest volcano in our solar system?
Mercury
Mars
Earth
Venus
Which planet... has the Great Red Spot?
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Which planet... rotates on its side?
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Which planet...is MOST known for its rings?
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Which planet...is the coldest?
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Which planet...is the "water planet"?
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Which two planets have the most moons?
Neptune
Uranus
Saturn
Jupiter
Which two gases make up the majority of the outer planets?
hydrogen
oxygen
nitrogen
helium
1) has a day longer than its year
2 )is the hottest planet
3 )rotates counter clockwise (east to west)
