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WorksheetsEarth Science Year End Review
Total questions: 100
Worksheet time: 51mins
Name 2 pieces of evidence that supports the Big Bang theory.
Red Shift, Light Elements
Heavier Elements, Half Lives
Red Shift, Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
The Main Sequence of Stars, Accretion
What is Hubble’s Law?
Sound from space proves the big bang
The further away an object is, the faster it is moving
Light elements make up the entire universe
Starlight is moving toward us...blue shift.
When a star has been red shifted, what does that mean about the star?
It is moving toward us.
It is moving away from us.
It is brighter than the other stars
It is hotter than the other stars.
Elements that were formed in the big bang are called light elements. Which elements are considered light elements?
Carbon, Hydrogen
Oxygen, Iron
Hydrogen, Helium
Neon, Uranium
Where were the heavier elements formed?
Inside Stars
supernovas
Inside the sun
Big Bang
How is a star formed?
A nebula comes together by accretion and starts to burn
Rocks start to burn because of pressure
Accretion makes space dust fall apart
nebulas come together and explode
New stars have been observed in the remains of exploded stars. What are the new stars made of?
light particles from Earth
ice crystals
The old stars
Only the heavy elements
Why did people change their mind from a geocentric solar system model to a heliocentric solar system model?
Observation of the galaxy
The Greeks studied stars more in depth
Old leaders of the church passed away
Improved technology helped us understand the universe much better
When we launched the Hubble Space Telescope, it changed our ideas about the size and magnitude of the Universe. What phrase best describes what happened in this example?
All scientific discoveries happen on accident
New technology leads to new discoveries
All scientific ideas will one day be proven false
We discover more things when we know where to look
What is accretion?
When a star begins fusion and creates new elements.
When energy from a star makes it start burning.
When dust and gas in space begin to stick together due to gravity.
When planets are attracted to each other and collide.
Plutonium is a radioactive element that is number 94 on the periodic table. Where does plutonium come from?
Inside of stars
From the Big Bang
Supernova of stars
It is man-made
What are the 2 sources of Earth's internal heat?
radioactive decay
cosmic rays
heat of formation
radiation from space
The interior of the Earth is divided into the crust, mantle and core. Are these chemical or physical properties?
Chemical
Physical
How do seismic waves allow scientists to determine the composition of the Earth's layers?
The waves get shortened
The waves get lengthened
The waves are totally blocked
The waves travel at different speeds through layers of different compositions
How are the Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere different from each other?
They have different physical properties
They have different chemical properties
They were formed during different time periods
Waves cannot travel through the lithosphere
What do seismic waves indicate about the physical properties of the asthenosphere?
It has a high temperature
It is only made of sedimentary rocks
It is not solid or liquid...it is like a flowing plastic.
It is made of less dense rocks
The movement of heated materials upward and cooled materials downward is know as what?
Coriolis Effect
Convection
Contraction
Chimney Effect
Which diagram best describes convection (The heat source is the black box at the bottom)
A
B
C
D
Describe convection in the simplest way possible
Heat rises, cold falls
Cold rises, heat falls
Heat moves things, cold doesn't move
Heat and cold move up
The Earth's magnetic field protects us from deadly radiation. What causes the Earth to have a magnetic field?
Plastic asthenosphere
the thin crust
the liquid metal outer core
heat rising from the center of the Earth
The deepest hole is 7.5 miles. How do we know what the inside of the Earth is like if we have never been there?
samples collected from each layer
Seismic waves traveling at different speeds through different materials
scientific guesses based on other planets
Convection bringing core rocks to the surface
What was the main idea of Alfred Wegeners theory of Continental Drift?
Continents float across the Earths surface
Fossils are evidence of climate change
The continents were once a single landmass that drifted apart
The seafloor spread the continents apart
Which of the following is NOT an evidence that Wegener had for his theory of Continental Drift?
Coal found in strange areas
Fossils found on different sides of the ocean
Evidence of glaciers in warm areas
Ancient Climate evidence
Mountain ranges under the ocean
Does a tectonic plate move toward a trench or away from the trench?
Toward the trench
Away from the trench
It usually doesn't move at all
The island of Hawaii is sitting on top of a volcanic hot spot. What is a hot spot?
A place where the mantle of the Earth is hotter than normal
A place where magma has pushed up through the crust and forms a volcano
An area where many volcanoes and earthquakes happen.
A spot that is very hot on the surface of the Earth.
Alfred Wegener could never prove his theory of continental drift. What force is strong enough to move pieces of the Earth very long distances?
Gravity
Conduction
Radiation
Convection
New crust is being formed at ocean ridges. Why does the Earth not get bigger and bigger?
The crust shrinks when it is underwater.
The crust is made of a plastic type substance.
The Earth's crust is being destroyed at ocean trenches.
Nobody knows the answer yet.
What do magnetic "stripes" indicate about the Earth?
The seafloor is uneven
rock ages change
The magnetic field of the Earth has switched
cooling rocks have unique compositions
Where do the majority of earthquakes and volcanoes occur?
North America
Mid-ocean ridges
Tectonic Plate Boundaries
Oceans
What does a sonar do for the theory of plate tectonics?
Predicts earthquakes
Helps to find fossils
Helped to discover ridges and trenches
Helped discover hot spots
What direction do plates move at a trench?
Away from each other
toward each other
slide past each other
Which of the plates on the map is the Eurasian Plate?
A
D
G
F
A boundary where 2 tectonic plates are moving away from each other is known as what?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
If 2 continental plates converge with each other, what land feature will be formed?
Mountains
Valleys
Trenches
Volcanoes
What is created at an oceanic-oceanic divergent plate boundary?
Mountains
Mid-ocean Ridge
Earthquakes
Rift Valley
Huge amounts of earthquakes are formed when two plates slide past each other. What kind of a plate boundary is this?
Convergent
Divergent
Transform
What 3 factors cause the Earth's plates to move?
Mechanical Energy, Gravity, Rotation
Gravity, Pressure, Convection
Convection, Heat, Pressure
Density, Convection, Gravity
Point C on this picture is a mid-ocean ridge. What direction are the plates moving at point C?
Towards each other
Away from each other
Sideways to each other
One up and one down
How do volcanoes transfer their energy?
Flowing Magma
Heat
Seismic Waves
Sound Waves
What is the Biosphere?
The surface of the Earth
The water on Earth
The living things on Earth
The air and weather on Earth
What type of plates must have come together to create the Aleutian Islands in Alaska?
Oceanic-Continental
Continental-Continental
Oceanic-Oceanic
Continental-Transform
How did the oceans form? (Please select all that apply)
Outgassing of volcanoes on the early Earth.
Chemical reactions inside of the Earth
Icy Comets delivered water to the Earth
Ice caps melted on the Earth
What is the main source of energy for the oceans?
The Earths core
Fossil Fuels
Waves
The Sun
If one gallon salt water and one gallon of fresh water were weighed, which would weigh more?
They are the same
Fresh water would weigh more
Salt water would weigh more
What causes the tides in the oceans?
The currents that flow through the ocean
The rising of beach fronts
The movement of fault lines on the ocean floor
The pull of gravity from the moon and sun
Which direction does an ocean current in the northern hemisphere flow?
Clockwise
Counter Clockwise
To the North
To the South
What makes waves bigger or smaller?
The distance the wave has traveled
What the water is made of
The angle of the beach
Convection in the ocean
If a shipment of rubber ducks fell off of a ship in the ocean, how would scientists know where the ducks would likely end up?
They look at water temperature data
Convection under the ocean
They know the direction that currents flow
Different salt levels in the ocean
Why does the wind almost always blow at the beach?
Air moves from high to low
air flow is altered by gravity over land but not the sea
Air currents always blow down
Air and water reflect and absorb sunlight differently causing a convection current
Why can life exist in such great numbers in the surface zone?
Heat and light for photosynthesis
Salt water and heat
Salinity and light
Light and nutrients
What causes an El Nino to happen?
Storms in the Pacific Ocean
Hot water close to Australia that causes droughts
Ocean currents reverse in the Pacific Ocean around the equator
Currents change all over the world
What is the Coriolis Effect?
Fluids move in curved paths instead of straight lines due to the rotation of the Earth
The Earth is tilted to one side and this causes the greenhouse effect.
The atmosphere traps heat and keep us warm
The Earth turns and makes things move in straight lines
Where are the sun's rays the most intense?
A
B
C
D
What is the natural heating of the Earth caused by atmospheric gasses called?
Coriolis Effect
Ozone Layer
Greenhouse Effect
Tilt of the Earth
What causes the seasons on the Earth?
The ozone layer
Our distance from the sun
The tilt of the Earth
The greenhouse effect
Hadley Cells are above the Earth and are a large convection current. How do these Hadley Cells move?
East to West
North to south
Cool air rises, warm air falls
Warm air rises, cool air falls
Why is it warmer in the middle of the day and not as warm in the morning and at night?
The sun is closer to the Earth
The radiation from the sun is more intense at mid-day
atmosphere traps heat better at night
there is more carbon dioxide at mid-day
Which layer of the atmosphere is the transition between our atmosphere and outer space?
troposphere
stratosphere
mesosphere
thermosphere
exosphere
Which layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?
troposhpere
stratosphere
Exosphere
mesophere
The atmosphere has layers, how are the layers of the atmosphere seperated?
amount of oxygen
amount of pressure
temperature changes
it is random
In the troposphere (the layer we live in) what happens to temperature as you rise in elevation?
It falls
It rises
it stays the same
Which one of the following options is not one of the spheres of the Earth?
Biosphere
Hydrosphere
Cryosphere
Lithosphere
Geosphere
When wind blows some loose sand around the surface of the Earth...which 2 spheres are interacting with each other?
Cryosphere and Biosphere
Atmosphere and Geosphere
Hydrosphere and Biosphere
Geosphere and Cryosphere
Which of the Earth systems never changes?
Atmosphere and Biosphere
Cryosphere
None...all Earth systems change
Geosphere
What does a seismograph measure and study?
It measures Earthquakes and can help us understand the interior of the Earth
It measures the weather in the upper stratosphere
It studies tallness of mountains on Earth
The amount of water in all the lakes and rivers on Earth
Why can we never lose matter on the Earth?
Matter cannot be created or destroyed only changed
Matter must be replaced daily on our planet
When things are burned, they disappear forever
Matter can be created but not destroyed
How do we receive new energy on the Earth?
We create it in power plants
Convection brings us new energy
The sun delivers new amounts of energy each day
Earthquakes release large amounts of energy to use
What type of feedback loop makes the problem get smaller and eventually maybe go away?
positive
negative
neutral
normal
Why are scientists concerned that climate change involves so many positive feedback loops?
positive feedback loops can never stop
Once a loop starts, it is hard to stop
they are better for the environment
People view climate change as a good thing
What does the story of the wolves in Yellowstone tell us about the spheres of the Earth?
Wolves can survive everywhere
The spheres of the earth are not important
Small changes always lead to big changes
The spheres of the Earth are all connected
Which star is approximately the same luminosity as our Sun?
Rigel
Deneb
Arcturus
Proxima Centauri
How do we think that the Moon was formed?
A small planet was captured by Earth's gravity
A planet named Thea hit the Earth. The Earth became bigger and the leftover debris formed into the Moon.
Meteorites hit Earth and all of the dust formed into the Moon
A giant chunk of another planet fell into orbit around the planet Earth
How old is the planet Earth?
13.7 Billion years old
4.5 Billion Years old
500 million years old
1.3 Billion years old
If you find a rock that has 25% of the original radioactive substance and 75% of a new not radioactive substance...how many half lives has the rock been through?
1 half life
2 half lives
3 half lives
4 half lives
Iodine 131 has a half life of only 8 days. If this type of rock has been through 2 half lives, how old is the rock?
4 days
8 days
16 days
32 days
Planets move faster as they get closer to an object. Kepler's 2nd and 3rd laws talk about this. Kepler's 2nd law is referring to one object. Kepler's 3rd law is talking about many objects moving together, like an entire solar system. If a spaceship was moving toward the Moon and getting faster, is this an example of Kepler's 2nd or 3rd Law?
Kepler's 2nd Law
Kepler's 3rd Law
What is Kepler's 1st Law?
Planets move faster as they get closer to the sun.
Planets move slower as they move away from large objects.
Planets move in ellipses and not perfect circles.
The further away a planet is, the slower it goes.
The Earth has a "Biosphere." What does "Bio" mean?
Living
Planets
Water
Space
How many planets have we found that have life on them? (Including ours)
0
1
100
568
Our Sun is a typical "Main Sequence" star. What is the main sequence of stars?
The area where the brightest stars live
Only bright and old stars are in the main sequence
Where all stars live
The typical life cycle of a star
What is the boiling point and freezing point of water in degrees celcius?
Boil - 100C
Freeze - 0C
Boil - 212C
Freeze - 32C
Boil - 110C
Freeze - 7C
Boil - 100C
Freeze - 32C
What is Cohesion?
When water sticks to itself
When water sticks to other things
How hot water needs to be to boil
Ice floats
Why is the weather almost always nice in San Diego
Ice is less dense as a solid so it floats to the surface.
Water molecules stick to each other.
The ocean absorbs and releases heat and keeps the city a nice temperature
Oceans can dissolve large amounts of salt.
Which state of matter has the highest amount of energy?
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Is a piece of paper biotic or abiotic?
Biotic
Abiotic
Both
Neither
Which process of the water cycle allows clouds to form?
Precipitation
Evaporation
Transpiration
Condensation
Why is surface water not usually clean enough to drink? (Check all that apply)
Micro-Organisms
Human Pollution
Water Treatment Plants
Organic Material
How much of the Earth's water can be found underground for us to drink?
3%
.7%
97%
1.3%
Water drops usually have a small speck of dust inside of them for water to stick to. What property of water allows it to form drops?
Cohesion
Adhesion
High Specific Heat
High Heat of Vaporization
Less Dense as a Solid
The water we drink today could have been used by people hundreds of years ago. Why can we reuse water even after it has gotten dirty?
Cohesion of water allows it to be reused.
The water cycle and natural filters on Earth can clean water for us to reuse.
Water can boil at a very high temperature and clean itself.
Most water is dirty on Earth. We have plenty of water to go around.
What type of weather is associated with low pressure?
Nice, Calm Weather
Very hot and dry weather
Stormy and unstable weather
Cold and calm weather
A cold front is approaching the place you live and it will snow. Where would you expect the snow to hit?
Before the cold front passes
After the cold front passes
Right as the cold front passes
What is the most important characteristic of a maritime air mass?
Warm
Cold
Humid/Wet
Dry
An air mass is moving over Utah and it is raining very hard and it is cold outside. What type of air mass is causing this weather?
Polar Continental
Polar Maritime
Tropical Continental
Tropical Maritime
What determines the type of air mass that forms?
Its size
Location where it formed
The Coriolis Effect
What he barometer says
Thunderstorms, Tornadoes, Hurricanes and other severe storms are associated with which type of air pressure.
High Pressure
Low Pressure
Under Pressure
Ocean Pressure
Which type of front is shown in the picture?
Warm Front
Cold Front
Occluded Front
Stationary Front
According to the weather map, what is the weather like right now in Utah?
Stormy
Rainy and Cloudy
Hot and Humid
Calm and Stable
What does a barometer measure?
Temperature
Wind Speed
Humidity
Air Pressure
What type of front is shown in the animation?
Warm Front
Cold Front
Occluded Front
Stationary Front
