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AP psych exam review history and approaches

Total questions: 116

Worksheet time: 1hrs 4mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Early psychological perspective that emphasized units of consciousness and identification of elements of thought using introspection

a)

Structuralism

b)

Functionalism

c)

Monism

d)

Dualism

2.

The study of behavior and mental processes.

a)

psychodynamic

b)

biology

c)

psychology

d)

humanistic

3.

Psychological perspective concerned with individual potential for growth and the role of unique perceptions in growth toward one’s potential.

a)

behavioral

b)

biological

c)

socio-cultural

d)

humanistic

4.

Psychological perspective concerned with physiological and biochemical factors that determine behavior and mental processes.

a)

behavioral

b)

biological

c)

psychodynamic

d)

evolutionary

5.

Psychological perspective concerned with how cultural differences affect behavior.

a)

evolutionary

b)

humanistic

c)

behavioral

d)

socio-cultural

6.

Evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

developmental psychologist

d)

personality psychologist

7.

They help people adapt to change or make changes in their lifestyle.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

school psychologist

d)

educational psychologist

8.

They study psychological growth & development throughout the lifespan.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

developmental psychologist

c)

rehabilitation psychologist

d)

social psychologist

9.

The psychological perspective concerned with how unconscious instincts, conflicts, motives, and defenses influence behavior.

a)

functionalism

b)

behavioral

c)

psychoanalytic

d)

humanistic

10.

They focus on traits, attitudes, and goals of the individual.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

school psychologist

c)

personality psychologist

d)

social psychologist

11.

If Aristotle and Locke, who both believed that what we know is acquired from experience, were alive today, they would best agree with the

a)

behavioral

b)

biological

c)

cognitive

d)

psychodynamic

12.

____________ refers to biological/genetic predispositions' impact on human traits

a)

nature

b)

nurture

13.

Wilhelm Wundt and the structuralists studied questions still asked today primarily by

a)

humanistic approach

b)

behavioral approach

c)

cognitive approach

d)

socio-cultural approach

14.

Dr. Didden was hired by the TLC Company to help it retain its employees without lowering the firm’s profits. After TLC removed cubicles and permitted employees to decorate their workroomas recommended by Dr. Didden, the absentee rate declined and no employees left for jobs else- where. Dr. Didden is most likely to be

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

industrial/organizational psychologist

d)

forensic psychologists

15.

Match the following

a)

A student of William James, she performed better than any of her male counterparts, yet was refused a Harvard Ph.D.  First female president of the American Psychological Association

1.

Mary Whiton Calkins

b)

First female Harvard Ph.D. and second female president of the APA.

2.

Margaret Washburn

c)

  1. emphasized the ways our unconscious thought processes and our emotional responses to childhood experiences affect our behavior.


3.

  1. Sigmund Freud

d)

 Established the first formal U.S. psychology laboratory at Johns Hopkins University

4.

  1. G. Stanley Hall

e)

  1. Leading humanistic psychologist

5.

Carl Rogers

16.

Match the following

a)

Introduced structuralism through introspection

1.

Edward Titchener

b)

 dismissed introspection and redefined psychology as “the scientific study of observable behavior.”

2.

John B. Watson

c)

Began the first psychology laboratory in Leipzig, Germany

3.

  1. Wilhelm Wundt

d)

Introduced functionalism, admitted a woman student into his Harvard seminar, and wrote the first psychology textbook

4.

William James

e)

Knowledge is innate—born within us • Mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies

5.

Socrates

17.

Match the following

a)

Knowledge is innate—born within us • Mind is separable from body and continues after the body dies

1.

Plato

b)

Derived principles from observation

• Knowledge is not preexisting—it grows from experiences stored in memory

2.

Aristotle

c)

Ideas are innate and mind is entirely distinct from body • Fluid in brain cavities contained “animal spirits”—the cavities are the basis for movement and memory

3.

Rene Descartes

d)

Focused on experiments, experience, and commonsense judgment • Commented on human tendency to find patterns

4.

Francis Bacon

e)

Argued mind at birth is tabula rasa—blank slate • Helped form empiricism—scientific knowledge comes from observation and experimentation

5.

John Locke

18.

Match the following

a)

You should observe and record people’s behavior to understand them

1.

BF Skinner

b)

How current environmental influences can Growth potential nurture or limit our growth and the Humanistic psychology importance of having our needs for love and acceptance satisfied

2.

Abraham Maslow

c)

Evolutionary psychology is inspired by his work and applies his ideas of natural selection to the mind

3.

Charles Darwin

d)

celebrated for his theory that the speech production center of the brain is located on the left side of the brain in the frontal lobes

4.

Paul Broca

e)

best known for his discovery of the area in the cerebrum responsible for receptive language in the temporal lobe

5.

Carl Wernicke

19.

Match the following

a)

led pioneering studies in learning and understanding split brained patients and how their brains work

1.

Roger Sperry & Michael Gazzaniga

b)

posited that the change in a stimulus that will be just noticeable is a constant ratio of the original stimulus

2.

Ernst Weber & Gustav Fechner

c)

demonstrated that specialized neurons in the occipital lobe's visual cortex respond to specific features of an image such as angles, lines, curves, & movement

3.

David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel

d)

social cognitive psychologist best known for his social learning theory, concept of self-efficacy, and Bobo doll experiments

4.

Albert Bandura

e)

Russian physiologist known for his studies with salivating dogs, and how they can be classically conditioned to expect food with a certain action or sound

5.

Ivan Pavlov

20.

Match the following

a)

Learned helplessness results from situations in which no perceived connection exists between a response and a reinforcer, suggesting to an individual that responses and outcomes are unrelated. (contingency theory)

1.

Robert Rescorla

b)

puzzle box experiments with cats led to the development of the law of effect, which suggests that responses immediately followed by positive consequences are more likely to recur

2.

Edward Thorndike

c)

the first psychologist to study latent learning and the cognitive map

3.

Edward Tolman

d)

discovered that organisms will avoid certain foods that they have eaten near the time they experience nausea or vomiting

4.

John Garcia

21.

Conducted classical conditioning experiment on Little Albert for him to fear a white rat after pairing with a loud noise.

a)

Albert Bandura

b)

John Watson

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Edward Thorndike

22.

Conducted experiments with rats and mazes to examine the role that reinforcement plays in the way that rats learn their way through complex mazes; led to idea of cognitive maps and latent learning.

a)

Edward Tolman

b)

Walter Mischel

c)

Martin Seligman

d)

Robert Rescorla

23.

Along with Robert Koelling he studied taste aversion in rats noticing rats would avoid water in radiation chambers due to it making them ill; he also helped with having wolves be fearful of sheep for ranch farmers. Timing of Conditioned Stimulus can be delayed and still have much power.

a)

John Pavlov

b)

B.F. Skinner

c)

John Watson

d)

John Garcia

24.

Russian physiologist known primarily for his work in classical conditioning with dogs and salivation.

a)

Edward Thorndike

b)

John Watson

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Martin Seligman

25.

an American psychologist who specializes in the involvement of COGNITIVE processes in classical conditioning focusing on animal learning and behavior.

a)

Martin Seligman

b)

Robert Rescorla

c)

Ivan Pavlov

d)

Edward Tolman

26.

Influential psychologist conducting research on operant conditioning; animals and humans can be trained using positive and negative reinforcement; as well as positive and negative punishment.

a)

B.F. Skinner

b)

Albert Bandura

c)

John Garcia

d)

Walter Mischel

27.

famous in psychology for his work on learning theory that lead to the development of operant conditioning within behaviorism; law of effect theory..."reward behavior is likely to occur again."

a)

John Garcia

b)

John Watson

c)

Edward Thorndike

d)

Walter Mischel

28.

is an influential social cognitive psychologist who is perhaps best known for his social learning theory, the concept of self-efficacy, and his famous Bobo doll experiments.

a)

John B. Watson

b)

Edward Tolman

c)

Robert Rescorla

d)

Albert Bandura

29.

American psychologist best known for his groundbreaking study on delayed gratification known as “the marshmallow test.”

a)

Ivan Pavlov

b)

Walter Mischel

c)

Martin Seligman

d)

Robert Rescorla

30.

His theory of learned helplessness is popular among scientific and clinical psychologists.

a)

Martin Seligman

b)

Edward Tolman

c)

B.F. Skinner

d)

Albert Bandura

31.

Which perspective would most likely explain anger as "an outlet for unconscious hostility"?

a)

Social-cultural

b)

Psychodynamic

c)

Behavioral

d)

Functionalist

32.

The debate on the relative contributions of biology and experience to human development is most often referred to as

a)

evolutionary analysis.

b)

behaviorism.

c)

the nature-nurture issue

d)

natural selection.

33.

Which of the following professionals is also a medical doctor?

a)

Psychiatrist

b)

Psychologist

c)

Counselor

d)

Biiologist

34.

If a child is behaving poorly, it is likely because this behavior has been rewarded somehow.

a)

Sociocultural

b)

Behavioral

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

35.

Which perspective would agree with the following: "Change your thoughts, change your life"?

a)

Behavioral

b)

Cognitive

c)

Biological

d)

Psychodynamic

36.

What famous psychologist is credited with opening the first ever psychology laboratory?

a)

Sigmund Freud

b)

Wilhelm Wundt

c)

John Watson

d)

B. F. Skinner

37.
Who is the founder of psychoanalysis?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
Abraham Maslow
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
B.F. Skinner
38.
Which perspective studies learning and how rewards and punishments influence how humans and animals act (observable responses)?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Humanism
d)
Evolutionary
39.
Who developed the theory of "Functionalism?"
a)
Wundt
b)
Titchener
c)
Freud
d)
James
40.
Having the patient be self-reflective (looking inward), and training them to report elements of their experience.  
a)
structuralism
b)
introspection
c)
functionalism
d)
psychometrics
41.
A psychologist that uses ethnicity, gender, culture and socioeconomic status influence our behavior. 
a)
behaviorist
b)
humanist
c)
socio-cultural psychology
d)
psychoanalyst
42.
Who established the first psychology lab in the U.S. and was the first president of the APA?
a)
G. Stanley Hall
b)
Sigmud Freud
c)
WIlliam James
d)
Charles Darwin
43.
Who was Mary Whiton Calkins?
a)
First female president of APA
b)
First woman author of a psychology book
c)
First woman to receive a Ph. D. in psychology
d)
Wife of G. Stanley Hall
44.

Evaluate and treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

developmental psychologist

d)

personality psychologist

45.

They help people adapt to change or make changes in their lifestyle.

a)

clinical psychologist

b)

counseling psychologist

c)

school psychologist

d)

educational psychologist

46.

____________ refers to biological/genetic predispositions' impact on human traits

a)

nature

b)

nurture

47.

How did Dorothea Dix help lead to change and greater awareness to the issue she was focused on reforming?

a)

She led protests in the nations capital.

b)

She opened several hospitals for the mentally ill.

c)

She became a doctor for people with mental illnesses.

d)

She boycotted hospitals.

48.

They study psychological growth & development throughout the lifespan.

a)

forensic psychologist

b)

developmental psychologist

c)

rehabilitation psychologist

d)

social psychologist

49.

Psychology is defined to as the

a)

science of mental phenomena.

b)

science of conscious and unconscious activity.

c)

science of behavior.

d)

science of behavior and mental processes.

50.
Who would be the most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?
a)
Ivan Pavlov
b)
Carl Rogers
c)
Sigmund Freud
d)
William James
51.
John Locke came up with “Tabula Rasa” that helped form empiricism, what does “Tabula Rasa” mean?
a)
Blank slate
b)
Structuralism
c)
Thoughtful mind
d)
Mental process
52.
Who established the first psychology lab at the University of Leipzig, Germany?
a)
G. Stanley Hall
b)
William Wundt
c)
Francis Bacon
d)
Sigmund Freund
53.
Who usually has a PhD, PsyD, EdD and cannot prescribe medication?
a)
Psychiatrist
b)
Therapist
c)
Physical therapist
d)
Psychologist
54.
What is cognitive psychology?
a)
Perceive, process and remember information through scientific processes
b)
Focus on biological structures and process
c)
Focus on the conscious experiences and choices in our lives
d)
How the natural selection of traits prompted survival of genes
55.
Who influenced functionalism through their work on natural selection?
a)
Margaret Washburn
b)
Mary Calkins
c)
Edward Titchener
d)
Charles Darwin
56.
What two men asked the question “how can the environment nurture human growth”?
a)
Sigmund Freud and John Locke
b)
Francis Bacon and Aristotle
c)
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
d)
John B. Watson and B.F. Skinner
57.
What did the huministic psychologists disagree with?
a)
Freudian & Behavioral
b)
Behavioral & cognative
c)
cognative & social cultural
d)
freudian & evolutionary
58.
What is the study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method?
a)
experimental psychology
b)
behaviorism
c)
humanistic psychology
d)
structuralism
59.
Who is the “father” of psychology?
a)
John Locke
b)
John B. Watson
c)
William Wundt
d)
Rene Descartes
60.
Which psychologist rejected introspection?
a)
Sigmund Freund
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
William James
d)
Edward Titchener
61.
The science of behavior and mental processes is ________
a)
Cognitive neuroscience
b)
behaviorism
c)
psychology
d)
structuralism
62.
Which of the 7 approaches would be used to look at a child's experiences and how they affected them today?
a)
Biology
b)
Psychoanalytic
c)
Behaviorism
d)
Cognitive
63.
Who was teh person that focused on humanistic psychology?
a)
Sigmund Freud
b)
John B. Watson
c)
B.F. Skinner
d)
Carl Rogers
64.
What is the term that goes with "blank slate"?
a)
Tabula rasa
b)
Structuralism
c)
Intuition
d)
Functionalism
65.
A psychologist wants to see if the kids around town have been influencing Billy. Which approach should be used?
a)
Behaviorism
b)
Biology
c)
Socio-Cultural
d)
Humanism
66.
Which prescientific psychologist thought that the fluid inside the spinal cavity was animal spirits?
a)
Socrates
b)
Descartes
c)
Aristotle
d)
Plato
67.
In most states what is the big difference between psychiatrist and psychologist?
a)
Psychologists are liscensed to give medicine
b)
Psychiatrist has no medical training
c)
Psychiatrist can prescibe medication
d)
Pshychologist only work with humans
68.
Who studied and realized that at birth your mind is a Tabula Rosa?
a)
William Wundt
b)
Fransis Bacon
c)
John Locke
d)
Rene Descartes
69.
What are some applied research positions?
a)
Psychometrics
b)
Counseling
c)
Educational
d)
Social
70.
Which one is not a focus learning through behavioral perspective?
a)
Rewards
b)
Unconscious
c)
Punishment
d)
Observations
71.
What is the study of the soul and mind?
a)
Psyche
b)
Behaviorist
c)
Logia
d)
Mental processes
72.
Who in Psychology made a lead way in helping psychological disorder treatment?
a)
Dorthea Dix
b)
Jean Piaget
c)
Abraham Maslow
d)
Carl Rogers
73.
What is the study of knowledge of or study of behavior and mental processes?
a)
Human Psychology
b)
Psychology
c)
Behaviorist
d)
Mental Processes
74.
Who used introspection to study structures of mind?
a)
William James
b)
B.F. Skinner
c)
John B Watson
d)
Edward Titchener
75.
What us the definition of evolutionary psychology?
a)
Focus on learning through rewards, punishments, and observatins
b)
How the natural selection of traits has promoted the survival genes
c)
Examines our thought processes, how we solve problems, make decisions and develop language
d)
Interactions we have with enviornment and other people in the environment
76.
When was the birth of psychology as we know it in a small room of Germany's University of Leipzig?
a)
March 1403
b)
July 1746
c)
July 1820
d)
December 1879
77.
Which philosopher suggested the idea that the mind is a blank slate on which experience writes?
a)
Charles Darwin
b)
Ivan Pavlov
c)
John Locke
d)
Jean Piaget
78.
Which of the following groups changed the definition of Psychology to "the scientific study of observable behavior"?
a)
Humanists
b)
Psychodynamic psychologists
c)
Cognitive psychologists
d)
Behaviorists
79.
What scientist is considered one of the founders of modern science?
a)
Francis Bacon
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
John Locke
d)
Wilhelm Wundt
80.
Who was denied the claim to being psychology's first female psychology Ph.D.?
a)
Rene Descartes
b)
Mary Whiton Calkins
c)
Rosalie Rayner
d)
Margaret Floy Washburn
81.
What is intuition?
a)
Knowing if something is right or wrong
b)
Tendency to believe, after learning the outcome, that one would have foreseen it
c)
The human brain trying to find order or patterns in everything
d)
Thinking you know more than you do
82.
Of the following, who is associated with the Gestalt school of psychology?
a)
John Watson
b)
William James
c)
Ivan Pavlov
d)
Max Wertheimer
83.
Which best describes a mode?
a)
Most frequent occurring score
b)
The middle score in a set of data
c)
The average of a distribution of scores
d)
Used to organize data
84.
Which of the following deals with childhood memories and events?
a)
Cognitive
b)
Behaviorism
c)
Humanism
d)
Psychodynamic
85.
What best describes a mean?
a)
Most frequent occurring score
b)
The middle score in a set of data
c)
The average of a distribution of scores
d)
Used to organize data
86.
Of the following, who is a humanistic psychologist?
a)
Abraham Maslow
b)
John Watson
c)
William James
d)
Sigmund Freud
87.
What best describes a median?
a)
Most frequent occurring score
b)
The middle score in a set of data
c)
The average of a distribution of scores
d)
Used to organize data
88.
If Aristotle and Locke, who both believed that what we know is acquired from experience, were alive today, they would best agree with the:
a)
Behavior Approach
b)
Psychoanalytic Approach
c)
Humanistic Approach
d)
Biological Approach
89.
Who was considered the father of psychology?
a)
James
b)
Wundt
c)
Wertheimer
d)
Freud
90.
What is the meaning of replicate?
a)
A carefully worded statement of the exact procedures
b)
A testable prediction
c)
A self-correcting process for evaluating ideas with observations and predicts behaviors or events
d)
A recreating of the study with other participants in different situations to prove the feelings to be reliable
91.
Who was the first woman to recieve a psychology Ph.D.?
a)
Mary Calkins
b)
Francisca Bacon
c)
Margaret Floy Washburn
d)
Rosalie Rayner
92.
What do personality psychologists "investigate"?
a)
How we view and effect one another
b)
How we percieve, think, and solve problems
c)
How we view and affect one another
d)
Our persistant traits
93.
What type of psychologists promote psychological health in individuals, groups, and organizations?
a)
Clinical
b)
Sport
c)
School
d)
Counseling
94.
The research methodology Wilhelm Wundt used is called
a)
Introspection
b)
Structuralism
c)
Naturalistic Observation
d)
Scientific
95.
The science of behavior and mental processes is the definition of which field of study?
a)
Applied research
b)
Philosophy
c)
Basic research
d)
Psychology
96.
What is the sceintific study that aims to solve practical problems?
a)
Human Factors Psychology
b)
Applied research
c)
Developmental Psychology
d)
Testing Effect
97.
What is the definition of psychology?
a)
Study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
b)
Study of behavior and logic
c)
Scientific study of behavior and mental processes
d)
Study of how how our influences affect us
98.
what is the difference between a psychologist and a psychiatrist?
a)
a psychologist can diagnose someone, a psychiatrist can t
b)
a psychologist can write prescriptions, a psychiatrist cant
c)
a psychiatrist has a Ph.D, a psychologist went to medical school
d)
a psychiatrist went to medical school, a psychologist has a Ph. D
99.
which approach focuses on concious experiences and choosing to take control of our lives and our destiny
a)
social- cultural approach
b)
humanistic approach
c)
behavioral approach
d)
psychodinamic approach
100.
which is not a mental process
a)
eating
b)
sensations
c)
thoughts
d)
feelings
101.
which two people both believed that the mind is seperable from the body especially in death and knowlegde is innate?
a)
socrates and aristotle
b)
plato and aristotle
c)
socrates and plato
d)
descartes and plato
102.
which of the following is not an applied research position?
a)
social psychologist
b)
forensic psychologist
c)
school psychologist
d)
industrial psychologist
103.
What approach focuses on childhood memories and events of the unconscious mind?
a)
Psychoanalitic
b)
cognitive
c)
behaviorism
d)
humanism
104.
“How can we achieve full potential?” What approach is being represented here?
a)
humanism
b)
behaviorism
c)
biological
d)
evolutionary
105.
What does cognitive thinking focus on?
a)
thoughts and decisions
b)
biological structures
c)
rewards and punishments
d)
natural selection
106.
Putting up your middle finger as an example of a learned behavior is an example of what approach?
a)
Biological
b)
cognitive
c)
behaviorism
d)
socio-cultural
107.
Hormones, heredity, tumors, and disease all fall into the category of what approach?
a)
Biological
b)
cognitive
c)
humanism
d)
evolutionary
108.
What did Socrates and Plato think psychology was?
a)
Mind is separable from body and especially in death and knowledge is born in us.
b)
Knowledge is from experiences and is stored in memories
c)
Person learns from the influences around us
d)
Memories formed as experiences opened pores in the brain
109.
What did psychologist thought fluid in spinal cavities is animal spirits?
a)
Socrates
b)
Rene Descartes
c)
Francis Bacon
d)
John Locke
110.
Who is the father of Psychology?
a)
William Wundt
b)
Francis Bacon
c)
John Locke
d)
Aristotle
111.
Which Psychologist questioned how does our early childhood experiences affect our behavior?
a)
William James
b)
Sigmund Freud
c)
John B. Watson
d)
Abraham Maslow
112.
Who believed in Tabula Rosa?
a)
Plato
b)
William Wundt
c)
John Locke
d)
Sigmund Freud
113.
What approach focuses on how childhood memories and events and the unconscious mind that affects behavior?
a)
Psychoanalitic
b)
Cognitive
c)
Humanism
d)
socio-cultural
114.
Who is the father of psychology?
a)
William Wundt
b)
Carl Rogers
c)
B.F Skinner
d)
Francis Bacon
115.
Who believed psych was an observable behavior?
a)
Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow
b)
John B. Watson and B.F Skinner
c)
William James
d)
Edward Titchener
116.
What does humanism focus on?
a)
Behavior in terms of conditioning
b)
Mental activities associated with thinking
c)
Behavior related to the traits that have been passed down
d)
Human behavior through the eyes of the observer and person, growth and potential

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Worksheet

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9th - 12th Grade

APUSH Period 1 and 2 review

120 questions

APUSH Period 1 and 2 review

quiz

Worksheet

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10th - 12th Grade