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Evolution Review

Total questions: 87

Worksheet time: 2hrs 30mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What evidence supports the idea that whales and dolphins have a common ancestor?

a)

They eat the same food.

b)

They have similar anatomies.

c)

They swim the same way.

d)

They live in the same area of the ocean.

2.

What most likely causes variation in species?

a)

competition

b)

mutation

c)

changes during their lifetime

d)

predation

3.

What can be determined by similarities in the forearms of humans and dogs?

a)

They are the same species.

b)

Dogs evolved from humans.

c)

Birds evolved from humans.

d)

Humans and dogs share a common ancestor.

4.

Darwin's theory that species develop new traits and change over time is known as:

a)

natural selection

b)

adaptation

c)

speciation

d)

evolution

5.

If natural selection means "survival of the fittest", what does it mean to be "fit"?

a)

you can migrate to new areas

b)

you have a large territory

c)

you can reproduce and pass on your genes

d)

you have more genetic mutations

6.

If a cheetah is born with a mutation that makes it unable to run quickly, what will be the most important for it's survival?

a)

competition for social heirarchy

b)

competition for living space

c)

competition for prey and food

d)

competition for shelter

7.

What type of species has the best chance of survival through significant environmental change?

a)

genetically homogeneous (similar)

b)

genetically diverse

8.

A mutation changes the color of a grasshopper. What color grasshopper will have a genetic disadvantage?

a)

green grasshopper

b)

brown grasshopper

9.

Why did mammals become dominant after the mass extinction of dinosaurs?

a)

They were larger than dinosaurs and ate different food.

b)

They were able to hibernate for hundreds of year.

c)

They lived in different areas of Earth than dinosaurs.

d)

They had traits that helped them adapt to environmental changes.

10.

How could a series of fossils show how a horse evolved over time?

a)

All the fossils would show varying levels of similar structures compared to modern horses.

b)

All the fossils would be found in the same place.

c)

All the fossils would be completely identical.

d)

All the fossils would be found in the same rock layer.

11.

During a freeze, most strawberry plants die. Why would some strawberry plants survive?

a)

The color of the strawberry helps maintain it's temperature.

b)

Some have larger leaves that protect the fruit.

c)

Some have genetic variations that cause them to be resistant to the cold.

d)

Some are able to reproduce more quickly than others.

12.

Why would a fox have a fur coat that turns white in the winter and brown in the summer?

a)

The foxes genes helped the foxes ancestors survive and reproduce.

b)

The fox inherited genes for white fur from its mother and genes for brown fur from its father.

c)

The foxes parents learned how to change their fur color and passed the trait to their offspring.

d)

The fox eats food in the summer that changes the fur color.

13.

Which is true about the Theory of Natural Selection?

a)

Not all organisms that are born survive to reproduce,

b)

Organisms compete with each other to survive.

c)

Variations exist among organisms.

d)

All of answers are true.

14.

Wisdom teeth have no purpose and are often removed to make room for the other teeth. Wisdom teeth are

a)

homologous structures

b)

vestigial structures

c)

analogous structures

15.

Which of the following would be a good adaptation for living in a desert?

a)

having thick stem to store water

b)

being active during the middle of the day

c)

having large leaves to absorb sunlight

d)

having dark feathers to absorb sunlight

16.

Why do woodpeckers have long beaks to dig into trees for insects?

a)

As insects became more common, birds that ate more insects grew longer beaks.

b)

The long beak is an adaptation that helps the bird eat more insects.

c)

A harmful mutation occured.

d)

The long beak helps woodpeckers fight off predators.

17.

Recent fossils can be found in upper rock layers. What two scientific ideas does this support?

a)

The law of superposition and the periodic nature of the elements

b)

Cell theory and the theory of evolution

c)

the theory of evolution and the law of superposition

d)

the periodic nature of the elements and cell theory

18.

Which is the best evidence for evolution?

a)

old rock layers contain fossils unlike existing organisms

b)

old rock layers contain fossils of complex organisms

c)

new rock layers contain fossils of simple organims

d)

new rock layers contain fossils unlike existing organisms

19.

Match the following pictures with the words they represent

a)
1.

Analogous Structure

b)
2.

Homologous Structure

c)
3.

Adaptation

d)
4.

Artificial selection

e)
5.

Natural selection

20.

Which best describes the phrase survival of the fittest?

a)

strongest in a population are most successful

b)

fastest in a population are most successful

c)

those that can survive and reproduce are most successful

d)

those that can live the longest are most successful

21.

Many different groups of organisms have wings, even though they do not share a recent common ancestor. This is because they evolved in environments with similar selective pressures. Wings are an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

22.

The forelimbs of mammals have similar anatomy because these groups descended from a recent common ancestor. Their bone structure is an example of a(n) ______________ structure.

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

c)

homologous

23.

Change over time is

a)

evolution

b)

generation

c)

growth

d)

biogenesis

24.

Mutations are important because ____.

a)

they bring genetic variation needed for a population to evolve

b)

mutations are not important

c)

they bring about benefits for the individual not the population

d)

they bring death of the organism in which they develop

25.
Study of embryos of various organisms to show a common ancestor because of similarities in development
a)
natural selection
b)
embryology
c)
speciation
d)
evolution
26.

Structures that have no common DNA link, but have similar functions. EX: Butterfly and bird wings. (a)  

Choose from the below words
Homologous Structures
Analogous Structures
Vestigial Structures
Mimics
27.
What does evolution mean?
a)
To change something
b)
To change and adapt over time
c)
To lose some original features
d)
To improve ssomething over time
28.
Where did Charles Darwin travel to?
a)
Australia
b)
Barbados
c)
Galapagos 
d)
Trinidad
29.
How did Darwin think life started?
a)
We evolved from apes
b)
We evolved from fish
c)
We evolved from each other
d)
We evolved from a simple cell
30.
For Darwin, how have animals and plants survived?
a)
Through luck
b)
Through natural selection
c)
Through careful management
d)
Through choice
31.
What is natural selection?
a)
Your natural fate is decided from birth
b)
Nature actively chooses who surivives
c)
Those best suited to demands of environment surivie
d)
The weakest of a species surivie
32.
Which of the following ideas is supported by Darwin’s observation of local variation among tortoises in the Galápagos Islands? 
a)
artificial selection
b)
adaptation
c)
acquired characteristics
d)
tendency towards perfection
33.
the gradual (slow) change in a species over time
a)
scientific theory
b)
Galapagos Islands
c)
adaptation
d)
evolution
34.
a trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce
a)
variation
b)
adaptation
c)
species
d)
evlolution
35.
These moths are all the same species. The differences between their wings is an example of ________________
a)
Natural Selection
b)
Variation
c)
Homeostasis
d)
Extinction
36.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed on to the offspring?
a)
Because parents with those traits can teach their offspring
b)
Because parents with those traits can surive and reproduce better
c)
Because parents with those traits care more about their offspring
37.
Why are advantageous traits more likely to be passed onto offspring?
a)
Because they are more likely to survive and reproduce.
b)
Because they come from dominant alleles.
c)
Because they come from recessive alleles.
d)
Because the trait is an acquired phenotype.
38.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
39.

An inherit characteristic that increases and organism's ability to survive and reproduce is a (n)

a)

vestigial structure

b)

speciation

c)

analogous structure

d)

adaptation

40.

Darwin noticed that many organisms seemed well suited to

a)

being preserved as fossils.

b)

providing humans with food.

c)

surviving in the environments in which they lived.

d)

swimming from South America to the Galápagos Islands.

41.

The difference in the physical traits of individuals within the same population is called a(n)

a)

change

b)

adaption

c)

species

d)

variation

42.
Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches 
 
a)
have the ability to interbreed.
have the ability to interbreed.
b)
acquired traits through use and disuse.
c)
all eat the same type of food.
d)
descended from a common ancestor.
43.
When every organism of a species has died.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artificial Selection
44.
Where the better adapted organisms survive to pass traits along to offspring.
a)
Evolution
b)
Natural Selection
c)
Extinction
d)
Artifical Selection
45.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
46.
Which statement best describes the process of evolution?
a)
Populations can survive in different locations on earth
b)
Environmental conditions limit the number of species on Earth
c)
Populations grow when resources are abundant
d)
The traits of a species can change over time
47.

Charles Darwin was best known in the 19th century for:

a)

creating the idea of evolution

b)

creating the idea of uniformitarianism

c)

making the idea of evolution acceptable for scientists and the educated general public

d)

all of the above

48.

In the phrase "survival of the fittest," the term "fittest" refers to:

a)

The best-adapted organisms

b)

The biggest organisms

c)

The smartest organisms

d)

The fastest organisms

49.

When is a trait most likely to be passed on to the next generation?

a)

When it serves no purpose

b)

When it becomes an advantage to the organism's survival

c)

When it gives the organism a lot of water

d)

When it prevents the organism from finding a mate

50.

Match the following terms with their definitions

a)

Evolution

1.

a change in a species DNA over time because of natural selection

b)

Adaptation

2.

Any variation that makes an organism better able to survive

c)

Variation

3.

An inherited trait that makes and individual different

d)

Mutation

4.

A permanent change in the DNA

51.

Which statement about evolution is true?

a)

Evolution occurs in individual organisms.

b)

Evolution involves a change in non-inherited traits.

c)

Evolution occurs over multiple generations.

52.
What is this an example of?
a)
vestigial structures
b)
embryology
c)
homologous structures
d)
fossil record
53.
Predict which moth would increase in population
a)
light 
b)
dark
54.
Darwin wrote that organisms with traits that are best suited to the environment will ________________
a)
increase in number
b)
become extinct
55.
Which species’ DNA is most similar to the DNA of the toothed whale? 
a)
Hippopotamus 
b)
Baleen Whale
c)
Grazing Mammals
d)
Camels
56.
Two organisms that are closely related would have
a)
very similar DNA sequence
b)
exactly the same DNA sequences
c)
no proteins in common
d)
completely different DNA sequence
57.
The study of the early stages of development that is one evidence of evolution is:
a)
Homologous Structures
b)
Embryology
c)
Vestigial Organs
58.
The opossum and kangaroo both incubate their young in a pouch. This provides evidence that they---
a)
are descended from a common ancestor
b)
Have very similar skeletal structures
c)
belong to the same species
d)
must range great distances to eat
59.
The similarities of the bones in the diagram provide evidence that---
a)
The organisms shown lived in the same natural envionrment
b)
The organisms shown may have developed from a common ancestor
c)
The organisms shown have the same genetic diseases
d)
All vertebrate species have identical forelimbs
60.
According to this data, the unknown bacterial species is most closely related to: 
a)
Species I
b)
Species II
c)
Species III
d)
Species IV
61.

The fossil record help scientists

a)

better understand the kinds of organisms that lived in the past

b)

better understand how the environment has changed over time

c)

better understand how organisms have evolved over time

d)

all of the above

62.

What is common ancestry?

a)

When a species no longer exists

b)

When organisms are descended from a single ancestor

63.

The forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats are similar in structure due to having a common ancestor hundreds of millions of years ago. Is this considered homolgy or analogy?

a)

Homology

b)

Analogy

64.

Which of the following are homologous structures?

a)

whale flipper and bat wing

b)

legs on a beetle and legs on a cat

65.

The cave fish and minnow are related to each other but the cave fish is blind and only has the remnants of an eye. What type of structure is this?

a)

vestigial

b)

analogous

66.

What is an example of a vestigial structure in a human?

a)

liver

b)

appendix

67.

_______________, or selective breeding, is one way that humans impact evolution. One example is how the Belgian Blue cow has been bred to have greater muscle mass.

a)

Artificial selection

b)

Homologous

68.

What can the arm bones of humans and bats show us? That they...

a)

.. shared an ancestor whom had that arm structure

b)

... will eventually evolve into similar creatures

c)

... share a gene pool

69.

Scientists are studying a particular protein found in blood cells. Based on this, which animals are most closely related?

Dog: ARG - LYS - HIS - TYR

Rabbit: ARG - LYS - TYR - TYR

Elk: ARG - PRO - TYR - ARG

a)

Dog & Rabbit

b)

Rabbit & Elk

c)

Dog & Elk

70.
Which layer is the oldest
a)
B
b)
A
c)
E
d)
C
71.
According to this cladogram, sharks are MOST closely related to which organism? 
a)
Amphibians
b)
Ray finned fish
c)
Crocodiles
d)
Birds
72.

Species from the same ancestor accumulate differences over time

a)

convergent evolution

b)

divergent evolution

c)

parallel evolution

73.

If you take antibiotics, the non-resistant bacteria die while the resistant bacteria survive and pass their antibiotic resistance trait to their offspring. This is an example of...

a)

DNA replication

b)

natural selection

c)

meiosis

d)

a virus

74.

To prevent antibiotic resistance from developing, you should... (Select all that apply.)

a)

only use antibiotics when needed

b)

only take half the amount of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor

c)

only take antibiotics for viruses

d)

complete the full amount of antibiotics prescribed by your doctor

75.

Bacteria develop antibiotic resistance through ______________.

a)

mutations & artificial selection

b)

mutations & natural selection

c)

mitosis &

meiosis

d)

apples and bananas

76.
Why are bacteria becoming more resistant to antibiotics?
a)
Bacteria are changing and evolving.
b)

Humans are using antibiotics correctly.

c)
Antibiotics are becoming weaker.
d)
Humans are becoming weaker.
77.

A pesticide is...

a)

A chemical that kills a bug / insect

b)

A substance that kills bacteria

c)

A nutrient for certain crops

d)

A substance created by biotechnology to induce mutations in insects

78.

An antibiotic is...

a)

A chemical that kills a bug / insect

b)

A substance that kills bacteria

c)

A chemical that destroys any toxins in the stomach

d)

A substance created by biotechnology to induce mutations in bacteria

79.
A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?
a)
species will adapt no matter what the environment
b)
environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
c)
Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
d)
Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation
80.

A pesticide is...

a)

A chemical that kills a bug / insect

b)

A substance that kills bacteria

c)

A nutrient for certain crops

d)

A substance created by biotechnology to induce mutations in insects

81.

An antibiotic is...

a)

A chemical that kills a bug / insect

b)

A substance that kills bacteria

c)

A chemical that destroys any toxins in the stomach

d)

A substance created by biotechnology to induce mutations in bacteria

82.
A change in DNA is a ...
a)
clone
b)
protein
c)
accident
d)
mutation
83.
A  population of cockroaches was sprayed with an insecticide.  Some cockroaches survived and produced a population of cockroaches that was resistant to this spray.  What can BEST be inferred from this example?
a)
species will adapt no matter what the environment
b)
environment has no effect on the survival of an organism
c)
Individuals with favorable variations survive and reproduce
d)
Insecticides cause mutations that are passed on to the next generation
84.

Why is it important to finish ALL of an antibiotic, even if you feel better?

a)

If all of the infectious bacteria are not killed, the bacteria may continue to multiply. Some of these bacteria may have a mutation that makes them resistant to the antibiotic. This could cause resistant bacteria to spread.

b)

If all of the antibiotic is not used, the surviving bacteria may learn how to fight off the antibiotic, causing the sickness to get even worse.

c)

If all of the antibiotic is not used, the bacteria may begin ingesting your skin cells, causing a new sickness to arise.

d)

If all of the antibiotic is not used, the surviving bacteria may cooperate with other infectious bacteria, resulting in two separate infections at the same time.

85.

The table below shows what happens to an insect population before and after a pesticide is added.

Which of the following best explains why more of the pesticide-resistant insects were present in the second generation?

a)

Because of the pesticides in plants, insects in the second generation developed a tolerance for pesticides

b)

Because of heredity, insects with genes for pesticide resistance passed it on to the following generation

c)

Because of the environment, parent insects taught their offspring to be pesticide resistant in order to survive

d)

Because of heredity, insects learned to avoid pesticides on plants

86.
The pesticide DDT was used extensively in the past to reduce the numbers of malaria-carrying mosquitoes. At first, application of DDT killed almost all the mosquitoes in treated populations. Over years, however, DDT-resistant populations (ones where most mosquitoes were not killed by normal doses of DDT) began to emerge. Which of the following best explains how DDT resistance emerged in the mosquitoes?
a)
The individual mosquitos in the starting populations sensed the environmental threat and mutated genes that made them insensitive to DDT
b)
Populations with DDT resistance are better-adapted for any environment than populations without DDT resistance, so they would have evolved sooner or later (regardless of whether DDT was applied)
c)
When DDT was applied, rare individuals with DDT resistance mutations were more likely to survive and leave offspring, eventually leading to populations composed largely of resistant mosquitoes
d)
The mosquitoes must all have been DDT-resistant to begin with, because there is no genetic variation in natural populations of mosquitoes
87.
What is antibiotic resistance?
a)
The ability for humans to resist antibiotics.
b)
The ability for humans to repel bacteria. 
c)
The ability for bacteria to resist antibiotics.
d)
The ability for bacteria to become weak from antibiotics.

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