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Virginia Biology SOL Review

Total questions: 100

Worksheet time: 1hrs 17mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

What is the basic unit of life?

a)

Atom

b)

Molecule

c)

Cell

d)

Tissue

2.

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

a)

Mitochondria

b)

Nucleus

c)

Chloroplast

d)

Ribosome

3.

What is the primary function of DNA in cells?

a)

Energy production

b)

Protein synthesis

c)

Genetic information storage

d)

Waste removal

4.

Which process converts light energy into chemical energy in plants?

a)

Cellular respiration

b)

Photosynthesis

c)

Fermentation

d)

Transpiration

5.

What is the term for a group of organisms of the same species living in a specific area?

a)

Community

b)

Ecosystem

c)

Population

d)

Biome

6.

Which of the following is an example of an inherited trait?

a)

Riding a bicycle

b)

Eye color

c)

Speaking a language

d)

Playing a musical instrument

7.

What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

a)

Produce energy

b)

Consume plants

c)

Break down dead organisms

d)

Pollinate flowers

8.

How do scientists use the scientific method to investigate a hypothesis?

a)

By guessing the results

b)

By conducting experiments and collecting data

c)

By asking friends for their opinions

d)

By reading books

9.

Which of the following best describes natural selection?

a)

Organisms choose their traits

b)

Traits are passed down randomly

c)

Organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce

d)

All organisms have the same chance of survival

10.

What is the main component of proteins?

a)

Nucleotides

b)

Amino acids

c)

Fatty acids

d)

Monosaccharides

11.

How do living organisms maintain homeostasis?

a)

By changing their environment

b)

By regulating their internal conditions

c)

By producing more offspring

d)

By migrating to different areas

12.

Explain how energy flows through an ecosystem.

a)

Energy is recycled within the ecosystem

b)

Energy flows from producers to consumers to decomposers

c)

Energy is created by consumers

d)

Energy flows from decomposers to producers to consumers

13.

Describe the process of DNA replication.

a)

DNA is transcribed into RNA

b)

DNA is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules

c)

DNA is translated into proteins

d)

DNA is broken down into nucleotides

14.

Design an experiment to test the effect of light on plant growth.

a)

Measure the height of plants in different light conditions

b)

Observe plants in a single light condition

c)

Record the color of plants in different light conditions

d)

Count the number of leaves on plants in a single light condition

15.

Evaluate the impact of human activities on ecosystems and propose a solution to mitigate negative effects.

a)

Humans have no impact on ecosystems

b)

Human activities can lead to habitat destruction; solutions include conservation efforts

c)

Human activities always benefit ecosystems

d)

Human activities have no long-term effects on ecosystems

16.
An experiment is performed on plants to see how different liquids affect plant growth. Each plant in the experiment is given a different liquid; water, apple juice, or milk. Each plant has the same amount of soil, sunlight, and listens to the same music. In this investigation, the independent variable is ...
a)
The type of plant
b)
The amount of sunlight
c)
The type of music
d)
The type of liquid
17.
The amount of energy that usually transfers from one trophic level to the next...
a)
10%
b)
20%
c)
80%
d)
50%
18.

Which of the following converts food into energy for the cell?

a)

vacuole

b)

mitochondria

c)

cytoplasm

d)

cell membrane

19.
Which 2 molecules forms the sides (backbone) of the DNA ladder?
a)
deoxyribose and adenine
b)
deoxyribose and a hydrogen bond
c)
sugar and the nucleus
d)
deoxyribose (sugar) and phosphate
20.

Plant cells are able to produce their own food. This process happens in which structure?

a)

cell wall

b)

chloroplast

c)

mitochondrion

d)

vacuole

21.

These diagrams show a variety of cells from the same organism.

How can cells from the same organism have such different shapes and functions?As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different DNA once it reaches maturity.

a)

As each cell differentiates, the DNA changes so that each type of cell has different

b)

Mutations in the cells’ nuclei lead to new combinations of DNA, resulting in different shapes and functions in the different types of cells.

c)

During differentiation, different parts of the DNA in each type of cell are activated, resulting in the different structure and function of the cells.

d)

During differentiation, different types of cells produce proteins which destroy the nonactive DNA, leading to cell specialization.

22.

Which statement best explains how sweating during exercise maintains homeostasis?

a)

It regulates mineral concentrations in cells

b)

It regulates body temperature

c)

It maintains water balance

d)

It maintains sugar balance in cells

23.
If a Heterozygous Rr pea plant is crossed with a Homozygous rr pea plant, what would be the percentage that the offspring will be recessive rr?
a)
50%
b)
75%
c)
25%
24.
Gregor Mendel used pea plants to study
a)
Inheritance of traits
b)
flowering
c)
cross-pollination
25.
Organisms that have 2 of the same alleles for a particular trait are said to be
a)
heterozygous
b)
hybrid
c)
homozygous
26.
When 2 dominant alleles (HB) are both expressed are said to be
a)
codominant
b)
diploid
c)
incomplete dominant
27.
How many children will have the disease? (look at the picture to help you)
a)
1
b)
0
c)
2
28.

All cells -----

a)

come from other dead cells

b)

come from other living cells

c)

crystallize out of the air

29.

What is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things?

a)

atom

b)

cell

c)

bacteria

d)

animalcules

30.

A single-celled organism that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane -bound organelle .

a)

Prokaryote

b)

Eukaryote

c)

Nucleus

d)

Single-celled organism

31.

A rigid layer that lies outside the cell's membrane is...

a)

Cytoskeleton

b)

Cilia

c)

Cell Wall

32.

Directs all cell activities through the DNA located there.

a)

Endomembrane System

b)

Nucleus

c)

Ribosomes

d)

Mitochondria

33.

Name structure #5.

a)

rough ER

b)

nucleus

c)

vesicle

34.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
35.

Why are diffusion and osmosis important to cells?

a)

It allows them to take in materials/substances without using energy.

b)

It allows them to reproduce.

c)

It allows them to absorb sunlight.

36.

Solutes move against the concentration gradient, therefore energy is needed.

a)

Passive Transport

b)

Active Transport

37.

What organelle is called the "powerhouse" of a cell?

a)

Endoplasmic Reticulum

b)

Nucleus

c)

Mitochondria

d)

Nucleolus

38.
Data is the _____________ gathered from an experiment
a)
conclusion
b)
hypothesis
c)
research
d)
information
39.
Abiotic refers to :
a)
living
b)
nonliving
c)
organisms
d)
plants
40.
Which cell lacks a cell wall?
a)
plant
b)
animal
c)
bacteria
d)
fungus
41.
Who concluded that all animals are made of cells?
a)
Schleiden
b)
Schwann
c)
Virchow
d)
Hooke
42.
Who concluded that all plants are made of cells?
a)
Schleiden
b)
Schwann
c)
Virchow
d)
Hooke
43.
Phospholipid bilayer refers to a(n)
a)
plasma membrane
b)
cell wall
c)
nucleus
d)
protein
44.
Water moves into a cell placed in a ______ solution
a)
hypertonic
b)
hypotonic
c)
isotonic
d)
osmotic
45.
The part of the experiment that remains the same and is used for comparison is the:
a)
hypothesis
b)
control
c)
conclusion
d)
independent variable
46.
Onions grow under ground therefore we did not see __________ in the onion cells.
a)
chloroplasts
b)
mitochondria
c)
light
d)
roots
47.

RNA consists of the bases . . .

a)

A T G C

b)

A U G C

c)

X Y Z Q

d)

A B C D

48.

Which type of biomolecule is starch?

a)

protein

b)

DNA

c)

carbohydrate

d)

lipid

49.

A protein is made of . . .

a)

amino acids

b)

nucleic acids

c)

carbohydrates

d)

RNA

50.

Which way will water flow in an isotonic solution?

a)

into the cell

b)

out of the cell

c)

neither in nor out of the cell

d)

none of these

51.

Which organelle makes ATP from sugar?

a)

chloroplast

b)

mitochondrion

c)

ribosome

d)

nucleus

52.

Which protein speeds up a chemical reaction?

a)

channel

b)

carrier

c)

enzyme

d)

none of these

53.

Who is the "father" of genetics?

a)

Einstein

b)

Mendel

c)

Chargaff

d)

Avery

54.

Which atom can form a maximum of 4 bonds with other atoms?

a)

hydrogen

b)

carbon

c)

phosphorus

d)

sulfur

55.

How many cells result from meiosis?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

56.

Which term describes the sharing of electrons between atoms?

a)

ionic bond

b)

covalent bond

c)

hydrogen bond

d)

none of these

57.

Which organism did Mendel study?

a)

rabbits

b)

peas

c)

trees

d)

algae

58.

Which type of RNA makes up ribosomes?

a)

xRNA

b)

mRNA

c)

tRNA

d)

rRNA

59.

What is the complementary DNA sequence to GTC?

a)

CUG

b)

CAC

c)

GTC

d)

CAG

60.

A ___________ binds to an enzyme at the active site.

a)

product

b)

water molecule

c)

substrate

d)

none of these

61.

What is a prey item for the hawk?

a)

rabbit

b)

bear

c)

fox

d)

shark

62.

In which biome would you find cold, dry conditions at high latitudes?

a)

rainforest

b)

desert

c)

savanna

d)

tundra

63.

What phase of the cell cycle is this?

a)

prophase

b)

telophase

c)

anaphase

d)

metaphase

64.

What is cancer?

a)

programmed cell death

b)

uncontrolled cell growth

c)

mass of cancer cells

d)

regulates timing of cell cycle

65.

What is apoptosis?

a)

programmed cell death

b)

uncontrolled cell growth

c)

mass of cancer cells

d)

controlled cell growth

66.

What phase is this?

a)

prophase

b)

anaphase

c)

telophase

d)

metaphase

67.

What is cytokinesis?

a)

duplicated chromosomes attached at the centromere

b)

uncoiled/uncondensed DNA

c)

keeps sister chromatids together

d)

division of cytoplasm

68.

What happens during the G1 phase of the cell cycle?

a)

DNA is replicated

b)

cell divides

c)

cell rests

d)

cell grows and prepares

69.

What happens during cell division?

a)

mitosis and cytokinesis

b)

preparation for mitosis

c)

DNA replication

d)

help separate chromosomes evenly for daughter cells

70.

What is the correct order of the cell cycle?

a)

G2, G1, M, S

b)

G1, S, G2,M

c)

S, G1, G2, M

d)

G1, M, G2, S

71.
The diagram shows a container divided into two compartments by a membrane permeable to water but not to starch. Two solutions containing different concentrations of dissolved starch were placed on each side of the membrane. Which of the following describes what will happen to the water level during the process of osmosis?  
a)
The water level of both sides of the membrane will decrease 
b)
The water level on the right side of the membrane will increase 
c)
The water level on the left side of the membrane will increase
d)
The water level on both sides of the membrane will stay the same 
72.

This diagram shows a Paramecium, a unicellular protist. When a chemical is added to the pond water in which the Paramecium lives, the Paramecium stops moving. Which structure is most likely affected?

a)

1

b)

2

c)

3

d)

4

73.

In the graph to the right, what is the population of deer at the carrying capacity of the environment?

a)

3

b)

7

c)

70

d)

40

74.
The diagrams show the stages of mitosis in random order.  What sequence correctly shows the stages of mitosis?             
a)
3-1-2-4
b)
1-3-4-2
c)
4-2-3-1
d)
2-1-4-3
75.
This diagram shows the cell cycle.

Which of the following activities occur in the S phase?
a)
Replication of the DNA
b)
Growth of the cell
c)
Formation of the mitotic spindle
d)
Breakdown of the nuclear membrane
76.

Which beetles are more fit for the environment?

a)

Green beetles

b)

Brown beetles

77.

Cell have several mechanisms for regulating their internal environments. Which of these mechanisms involved in maintaining homeostasis requires energy?

a)

osmosis

b)

diffusion

c)

active transport

d)

passive transport

78.

Based on the map shown, which organisms are more closely related?

a)

1 and 4

b)

2 and 6

c)

7 and 8

d)

2 and 3

79.
Structure B is pointing to the _____. 
a)
chromosome
b)
centromere
c)
DNA
d)
chromatid
80.
What does the graph represent?
a)
Emigration
b)
Exponential growth
c)
Immigration
d)
Logistic Growth
81.
Nitrogenous bases are joined by which type of bond?
a)
polar bonds
b)
ionic bonds
c)
covalent bonds
d)
hydrogen bonds
82.

Based on the cladogram, the chimp will be more closely related to the _________.

a)

Hagfish

b)

Salamander

c)

Lizard

d)

Mouse

83.

Based on the DNA sequences shown, the unknown species is most closely related to ________.

a)

Species I

b)

Species II

c)

Species III

d)

Species IV

84.

Which organisms belong to the kingdom bacteria?

a)

Organisms 1 and 2

b)

Organisms 3 and 4

c)

Organisms 1 and 4

d)

Organisms 2 and 3

85.

Based on the dichotomous key, which organism is purple and has a pointy hump?

a)

Deerus octagis

b)

Deerus humpis

c)

Derus purplinis

d)

Derus deafus

86.
Which of the following best describes a DNA molecule?
a)
double helix
b)
contains ribose
c)
made of amino acids
d)
contains Uracil
87.
These molecules represent which organic molecule?
a)
proteins
b)
lipids
c)
nucleic acids
d)
carbohydrates
88.

NUCLEOTIDES ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF...

a)

CARBOHYDRATES

b)

LIPIDS

c)

NUCLEIC ACIDS

d)

PROTEINS

89.

FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL ARE THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF..

a)

CARBOHYDRATES

b)

LIPIDS

c)

NUCLEIC ACIDS

d)

PROTEINS

90.

WHAT ELEMENTS DO ALL BIOMOLECULES (LIPIDS, PROTEINS, NUCLEIC ACIDS, CARBS) HAVE IN COMMON?

a)

CARBON, HYDROGEN, FLOURINE

b)

CARBON, HYDROGEN, CHLORINE

c)

CARBON, HYDROGEN, IODINE

d)

CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN

91.

WHAT ELEMENT DO AMINO ACIDS AND NUCLEOTIDES HAVE THAT THE OTHERS DO NOT HAVE?

a)

PHOSPHATE

b)

NITROGEN

c)

CARBON

d)

OXYGEN

92.
Movement of particles from high to low concentration. 
a)
Passive Transport
b)
Active Transport
93.
At high temperatures enzyme activity declines because of:
a)
Denaturation
b)
Decreased Kinetic Motion
c)
Increased H-Bonding
d)
Dissociation of Ionic Compounds
94.

What do viruses have in common with living cells? They both...

a)

store genetic information

b)

have chloroplasts

c)

use glucose for cellular respiration

d)

have endoplasmic reticulum

95.
How would the DNA sequence GCTATA be transcribed to mRNA?
a)
GCUAUA
b)
CGATAT
c)
CGAUAU
d)
GCUTUT
96.
Which of the following genotypes is homozygous dominant?
a)
A
b)
Aa
c)
AA
d)
aa
97.

The ability to maintain a stable internal environment is called ________________.

a)

Metabolism

b)

Mitosis

c)

Heterozygous

d)

Homeostasis

98.
What is the capsid of a virus?
a)
the disease it causes
b)
the receptors to which it binds
c)
the genetic material
d)
its protein coat
99.
An animal cell placed in a hypertonic (salty) solution will
a)
Shrink
b)
Swell
c)
Stay the same
100.
What part of the cell membrane is the arrow pointing to? 
a)
phospholipid
b)
carbohydrate chain 
c)
protein channel 
d)
amino acid 

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