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APES Unit 1 Review

Total questions: 65

Worksheet time: 1hrs 5mins

Name
Class
Date
1.

Five species of warblers coexist in the same fir tree by occupying different areas of the tree. This demonstrates

a)

adaptive radiation

b)

competitive exclusion

c)

natural selection

d)

resource partitioning

2.

Why do biomes near the equator have greater biodiversity than those near the poles?

a)

due to ecological succession

b)

due to the invasion of exotic species

c)

the temperature & precipitation is greater near the equator

d)

the temperature & precipitation is greater near the poles

3.

Why are phytoplankton more abundant near the surface of oceans?

a)

to be more accessible to other organisms

b)

sunlight cannot penetrate great depths

c)

they are ba-ba-ba benthic organisms

d)

because they feed on zooplankton that live there

4.

What causes seasonal fluctuations in carbon dioxide levels?

a)

differences in air temperature

b)

differences in water temperature

c)

variations in photosynthetic activity

d)

variations in sea level

5.

What is a primary source of nitrates & phosphates?

a)

burning of coal

b)

changes in environmental temperature

c)

fertilizers and sewage

d)

nitrogen fixation and lightning

6.

Why is the main reason phosphorus is a limiting factor?

a)

it cannot be readily taken up by plants

b)

is cycles too quickly through the biosphere

c)

it is insoluble in water and forms sediments like rock

d)

there is too much of it in nature typically that it is toxic

7.

Which element does NOT have a gas phase?

a)

carbon

b)

nitrogen

c)

phosphorus

d)

sulfur

8.

Stage of the hydrologic cycle where plants lose water from their pores

a)

condensation

b)

evaporation

c)

precipitation

d)

transpiration

9.

What is the NPP if the GPP is 5.8 kg C/m2/year and respiration is 2.4 kg C/m2/year?

a)

2.4 kg C/m2/year

b)

3.4 kg C/m2/year

c)

5.8 kg C/m2/year

d)

8.2 kg C/m2/year

10.

Which of the following have the LOWEST net primary productivity?

a)

agricultural land with crops

b)

estuary

c)

open ocean

d)

temperate deciduous forest

11.

Why are decomposers a significant part of ecosystems?

a)

the neutralize acid deposition

b)

they produce more oxygen than they consume

c)

they recycle nutrients

d)

they remove heavy metals from the air

12.

What type of organism would be found at the lowest trophic level?

a)

bear

b)

grass

c)

kangaroo

d)

python snake

13.

If producers capture 15,000 Joules of energy from the sun, how much energy would a secondary consumer receive?

a)

15 Joules

b)

150 Joules

c)

1,500 Joules

d)

15,000 Joules

14.

Which latitude would have the greatest biodiversity? (Remember...the equator is at 0 degrees and the poles are 90 degrees)

a)

0 degrees

b)

30 degrees

c)

60 degrees

d)

90 degrees

15.

Which of the following diagrams correctly illustrates the nitrogen cycle?

a)
b)
c)
d)
16.

Nitrogen fixation deals with....

a)

bacteria coverting Nitrates to Ammonia then back to Nitrogen as it moves back into the atmosphere

b)

Plants absorbing Ammonium and Nitrates

c)

Bacteria converting atmospheric Nitrogen into ammonia in the roots of legumes

d)

bacteria converting ammonia to nitrates

17.

During denitrification.....

a)

bacteria found in roots of legumes converts atmospheric nitrogen to ammonium

b)

plants absorb ammonium and nitrates

c)

bacteria convert nitrates to ammonium then back to atmospheric nitrogen

d)

bacteria convert ammonium to nitrates

18.

This is a source of Nitrogen ______________ and the problem is ________________

a)

fertilizers (synthetic and manure)..............it causes algal blooms in bodies of water

b)

smelting, refining and burning coal........................it causes acid rain

c)

rocks.....................causes algal blooms in water sources

d)

volcanoes......................it is a greenhouse gas

19.

Burning gas in your car and buying bags of fertilizer are all problems associated with the Nitrogen cycle....this is another source?

a)

volcanoes

b)

burning coal

c)

waste or feces from animals

d)

mining rocks

20.

Excessive carbon in the atmosphere is a problem because.....

a)

it forms acid rain

b)

it is a greenhouse gas

c)

it causes smog

d)

all of these answers are correct

21.

Oceans play an important role in the carbon cycle because they...

a)

They can store large amounts of C02 as a sink

b)

can release large amounts of CO2

c)

Then can release AND store large amounts of C02 depending on conditions

22.

The phosphorus cycle does not have an atmospheric component. True or False

a)

True

b)

False

23.

The major human inputs of Phosphorus are from.....

a)

driving cars

b)

using Phosphorus based fertilizers that can runoff into water

c)

buring coal and natural gas

d)

none of these answers are correct

24.

The source of Phosphorus comes from.......

a)

It is "fixed" by plants from the atmosphere

b)

it is caused by refining and smelting

c)

it is mined from rocks or weathered from rocks

d)

driving cars as it a pollutant formed from engine combustion

25.

This process occurs when water travels through plants and trees from the roots and out the leaves

a)

evaporation

b)

precipitation

c)

condensation

d)

transpiration

26.

Sources of carbon into the atmopshere include all the following EXCEPT:

a)

burning trees

b)

respiration

c)

burning fossil fuels

d)

photosynthesis

27.

A tapeworm lives in the small intestines where it feeds and grows, robbing the human of essential nutrients. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

28.

Place the ecology levels of organization in proper order (smallest to largest)

a)

organism > population > community > ecosystem > biosphere

b)

community > organism > ecosystem > biosphere > population

c)

organism > community > biosphere > population > ecosystem

d)

population > biosphere > ecosystem > community > organism

29.

The cattle egret follows herds of cattle and eat the insects that the cattle stir up as they move through the grassland. The cattle appear to be unaffected by the egrets. This is a _____ type of relationship.

a)

Commensalism

b)

Parasitism

c)

Symbiotic

d)

Mutualism

30.

Which is a biotic factor?

a)

producers

b)

pH

c)

energy

d)

humidity

31.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 10oC and 200 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Temperate seasonal forest

b)

Temperate rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Tropical seasonal forest

32.

In which biome would you expect to find an area with an average temperature of 4oC and 50 cm of precipitation annually?

a)

Tundra

b)

Boreal forest

c)

Temperate grassland/cold desert

d)

Woodland/shrubland

33.

Which biome is characterized by the presence of permafrost?

a)

temperate seasonal forest

b)

woodland/shrubland

c)

tundra

d)

boreal forest

34.

What is a herbivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

35.

Which biome has warm temperatures, high precipitation, and little seasonal variation due to its location near the equator?

a)

Boreal forest

b)

Tropical rainforest

c)

Woodland/shrubland

d)

Subtropical desert

36.

The direction of an arrow in a food chain represents

a)

the flow of energy from organism B to A

b)

the movement of organisms

c)

the directionality of the sun

d)

the flow of energy from organism A to B

37.

What is an omnivore?

a)

receives energy from the sun

b)

only eats meat

c)

only eats plants

d)

eats both plants and meat

38.
The efficiency of energy transfer from a lower trophic level to the next highest level is roughly
a)
1%
b)
10%
c)
100%
d)
1000%
39.
Which animal is the apex predator?
a)
hawk
b)
lizard
c)
snake
d)
grass
40.
In the energy pyramid here, how much of the energy in each level gets lost as heat or used by the organism for survival?
a)
80%
b)
90%
c)
10%
d)
20%
41.
Eat primary consumers (can be carnivores and omnivores)
a)
Tertiary Consumers
b)
Secondary Consumers
c)
Quaternary Consumers 
d)
Top Predators 
42.
Where is carbon stored in the environment?
a)
Fossil fuels
b)
Wood of trees
c)
Calcium carbonate (shells and bones)
d)
All of the above
43.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle.
44.
Identify the cycle pictured.
a)
The Water cycle
b)
The Carbon cycle
c)
The Nitrogen cycle
d)
The Phosphorus cycle
45.
This is released by the weathering of rocks.
a)
Carbon
b)
Oxygen
c)
Phosphorus
d)
Nitrogen
46.
Which is NOT a process of the water cycle?
a)
precipitation
b)
freezing
c)
transpiration
d)
evaporation
47.

Cows eat grass to obtain energy. This is an example of...

a)

Competition

b)

Predation

c)

Mutualism

d)

Commensalism

48.

Click on the image to enlarge it. Which biome is being shown in the climatogram?

a)

Desert

b)

Tundra

c)

Tropical Rainforest

d)

Temperate Seasonal Forest

49.

Similar biomes are often found along...

a)

lines of latitude.

b)

lines of longitude.

50.

Which of the following is NOT an important factor for aquatic biomes?

a)

Salinity

b)

Flow

c)

Temperature

d)

Precipitation

51.

Which of the cycles is considered to be the SLOWEST?

a)

Carbon

b)

Water

c)

Nitrogen

d)

Phosphorus

52.

If the GPP of an area is 25 kcal/m2/yr and the NPP of the same area is 15 kcal/m2/yr, what is the amount of energy that is lost to respiration?

a)

25 kcal/m2/yr

b)

15 kcal/m2/yr

c)

10 kcal/m2/yr

d)

40 kcal/m2/yr

53.

If producers capture 65,000 J of energy from the sun, how much will be passed on to the tertiary consumers?

a)

6,500 J

b)

650 J

c)

65 J

d)

6.5 J

54.

If producers capture 55,000 J of energy from the sun, how much will be passed on to the primary consumers?

a)

5,500 J

b)

550 J

c)

55 J

d)

5.5 J

55.

The removal of which type of species will cause a trophic cascade?

a)

Keystone Species

b)

Invasive Species

c)

Primary Consumer

d)

Producer

56.

4. As energy moves within an ecosystem, how is the majority of it lost?

a)

A. Cellular respiration

b)

B. Light

c)

C. Metabolism

d)

D. Heat loss

57.

6. A marine biologist is studying a kelp ecosystem. She notices that Sea Urchins eat the kelp and that Sea otters eat the urchins and protect the kelp forest. In this scenario, the Sea Urchin can be classified as a

a)

A. Primary Consumer

b)

B. Secondary Consumer

c)

C. Decomposer

d)

D. Autotroph

58.

7. The most abundant element in Earth's atmosphere is

a)

A. Water

b)

B. Nitrogen

c)

C. Carbon

d)

D. Oxygen

59.

8. A group of living organisms play a large role in the nitrogen cycle. Which group do they belong to?

a)

A. Producers

b)

B. Detritivores

c)

C. Virus

d)

D. Bacteria

60.
Which species is the producer?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
61.
Humans impose the largest negative impact on the carbon cycle by ________________
a)
cultivating crops
b)
burning fossil fuels
c)
harnessing solar power
d)
mining
62.
Which of the following best explains why there are usually no more than five trophic levels in a food chain?
a)
there are not enough organisms to fill more than five levels
b)
there is too much competition among the organisms at the lower levels to support more animals at higher levels
c)
the statement is not true; there can be unlimited amount of trophic levels
d)
energy is lost at each trophic level
63.
Which would have the greatest biomass?
a)
A
b)
B
c)
C
d)
D
64.

Which pair of biogeochemical cycles are most associated with inorganic fertilizer and sewage waste?

a)

Carbon and Nitrogen cycles

b)

Carbon and Sulfur cycles

c)

Phosphorus and Nitrogen cycles

d)

Sulfur and Nitrogen cycles

e)

Sulfur and Water cycles

65.

Species A is found inside Species B feeding directly off of its liver. Species A is a _____________.

a)

Mutualistic species

b)

Parasitic species

c)

Commensil species

d)

Herbivore

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