Managers are of two types: Line Managers and Staff managers

(a)  

execute the function of decision making, issuing orders and controlling while the staff managers execute the functions of advising

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execute the functions of advising, assisting and providing expert specialized services

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Work is divided into specialized functions.

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The superior specialist commands an authority and therefore gives orders relative to his specific functions throughout the lines

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The responsibilities are mainly discharged by other managers

• Flat-topped organizationlarge number in terms of supervision

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• Is historically the oldest type.

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There is a direct flow of authority from one top position to immediate subordinate levels.

(a)  

There is unity of command.

• There is limit on the number of subordinates

• Very appropriate and ideal for small business

(a)  

Combination of project type of organization and the functional type of organization, authority flows vertically within functional departments

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Also known as Grid type and answers the expanding size and complexity of the business operation.

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Establish a flexible organizational structure that will attain a series of project objectives and goals.

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To enable the pooling together of executive abilities and experiences, or the bringing together of some of the best brains of the business firm.

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To recognize executive ability and enable training for those who later will comprise top management

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To get the members to work as a team

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assumption that leaders are born with innate qualities; they are destined to lead.

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– Still used in the military. Leaders can be selected and installed into leadership positions.

(a)  

is a complex process. It involves influencing other to accomplish a mission, task, or goal.

(a)  

is someone who directs the organization.

(a)  

What leaders can actually do rather than their qualities are emphasized. Different patterns of behavior are observed.

(a)  

According to this theory, manager’s believe that workers inherently dislike work and will avoid it as much as possible, forced work is the result. Done by coercing, threatening and punishing.

(a)  

in this theory, workers are initiated to work, they will work without coercion or force. They have the capacity to innovate on the job.

(a)  

Focuses on task and employee orientations of managers and the combination of concerns between the two extremes.

(a)  

On the horizontal axis is (a)   , and on the vertical axis is people

On the horizontal axis is is production, and on the vertical axis is (a)  

it is the most effective type because it has a high concern for both the employee and the task.

(a)  

thoughtful attention to the needs of the people for satisfying relationship leads to a comfortable, friendly organization atmosphere and work tempo

(a)  

work accomplishment is from committed people; independence through a common stake in organization, purpose leads relationship of trust and respect

(a)  

adequate organization performance is possible through balancing the necessity to get out the work with maintaining morale of people at a satisfactory level

(a)  

exertion of minimum effort to get required work done is appropriate to sustain organization membership

(a)  

efficiency in operations results from arranging conditions of work in such a way that human elements interfere for a minimum degree

(a)  

specific to a particular situation. The leader adapts to whatever situation he is in. It suggests that there are different leadership styles required for the different levels in an organization.

(a)  

refinement of Situational Leadership. As it focuses a particular situation, it predicts the variables that would identify the mist effective leadership style to fit the given situation.

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has been characterized as inspiring, charismatic, but one rarely hears of inspiring or charismatic managers.

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is associated with words such as efficiency, planning, procedures, control and consistency.

(a)  

is associated with words such as vision, creativity, dynamism, change, and risk-taking.

(a)  

large number in terms of supervision

(a)  

managers or leaders

Concerned with present

(a)  

managers or leaders
Exercise control to make things work

(a)  

managers or leaders

Look to the future

(a)  

managers or leaders

Create commitment that things may work better

(a)  

managers or leaders

Focus on the process

(a)  

managers or leaders

Focus on the product

(a)  

managers or leaders

Accept status quo

(a)  

managers or leaders

Challenge it

(a)  

Establishing detailed step and timetables for achieving needed results

(a)  

establishing some structure for accomplishing plan, requirements, staffing that structure with individuals.

(a)  

monitoring results vs plan in detail, identifying deviations, and organizing people to solve problems

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developing a vision of the future, often the distant future and strategies for producing the changes needed

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- communicating the direction by words and deeds to all those staff whose cooperation may be needed so as to influence the creation of team coalition

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energizing people to overcome major political bureaucratic and resource barriers to change by satisfying very basic human needs

(a)  

a dramatic degree and has the potential of producing extremely useful change products that customer wants.

(a)  

This leadership style may voice efficiency when decisions need to be made quickly; however, this can potentially have repercussions on group morale.

(a)  

these leaders make most, if not all, group decisions, leaving little room for feedback.

(a)  

this leadership is a type of management style where supervisors give team members freedom to complete tasks, make decisions or solve problems without interfering, unless the employees request it.

(a)  

this leadership promotes more collaborative decision making than the traditional directive leadership used in many organizations. The result can be more engaged employees and enhanced organizational performance—but there are downsides to keep in mind.

(a)  

this leadership is a managerial approach that involves a dominant authority figure who acts as a patriarch or matriarch and treats employees and partners as though they were members of a large, extended family. In exchange, the leader expects loyalty and trust from employees, as well as obedience.

(a)  

managers or leaders

Organize and plan to meet objectives

(a)  

managers or leaders

Create a vision of the years down the road

(a)  

It refers to the ways and means employed by management to encourage all personnel in the business firm to accomplish all assignments given to them, in order to attain the objectives in the right manner they were planned and organized.

(a)  

It means the evaluation of the work accomplished against plans or standards to determine if it is being carried out as planned, making necessary adjustments when needed in case there are new developments, in order to achieve the objectives of the firm in the most efficient manner.

(a)  

It is the process of initiating action in accordance with what has been planned. It is the process of guiding, supervising, motivating, leading and influencing personnel to attain objectives of firm.

(a)  

It is another important function of management. The function tries to ensure that all actions and activities are in conformity with the plans and objectives of the firm.

(a)  

Characteristics of controlling

Give the Characteristics of directing

Give the Controlling Process

Technique of control of the overall accomplishment of the firm. Based on the assumption that the objectives and goals of the firm are not maximize profits but to optimize return on capital used

(a)  

Formula of ROI

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It is a systematic technique of evaluating the operation and effectiveness of the management of a firm. This audit is conducted by an independent auditor or auditing firm, who are experts. This is done yearly or periodically.

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A system of collecting, processing, recording and transmitting information needed by management. It is a center of facilities and personnel for collecting, processing, storing and transmitting information needed in the firm. This data will be use for strategic planning, decision making and controlling.

(a)  

A technique which does not consider figures of previous fiscal years in the preparation of budget. It is expected that the budget of the previous fiscal year has been all spent. Managers must notify his entire budget on the basis of facts of the prevailing conditions.

(a)  

Are techniques that can be used to control the actions and activities of personnel. Are are techniques that are based on the same principle and with a hairline difference.

(a)  

Primarily consists in the relationship within an organization. It refers to the sense of wholeness created by the right relationships among the members of the corporation.

(a)  

Dimensions of Corporate Integrity: Cultural

(a)  

Dimensions of Corporate Integrity: Interpersonal

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Dimensions of Corporate Integrity: Natural

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Dimensions of Corporate Integrity: Organizational

(a)  

Dimensions of Corporate Integrity: Social

(a)  

It is a selfregulating business model that helps a company be socially accountable to itself, its stakeholders, and the public.

(a)