Worksheets11 ATAR Psych-Unit 2 review
Total questions: 93
Worksheet time: 1hrs 9mins
Attitudes that are not deliberately formed and are typically unknown to us are _____.
Internal attitudes
External attitudes
Implicit attitudes
Explicit attitudes
Jonas filled out a survey and indicated that he hates sharks. His attitude towards sharks is an _____ one.
Implicit
External
Explicit
Temporary
Besides self-reporting, _____ is the most common method to determine explicit attitudes.
Observation
Testing
A survey
The IAT
Which of the following is true?
An implicit attitude is easily measured.
An explicit attitude and an implicit attitude sometimes contradict each other.
An explicit attitude and an implicit attitude are almost always the same.
An external attitude is unknown to the subject.
People's emotional reaction to a target is referred to as the _____ component of attitudes.
affective
behavioural
cognitive
operant
Which component of an attitude is most related to the process of examining facts and weighing the objective merits of a target?
affective
behavioural
cognitive
operant
Social cognition..
focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people and social situations.
focuses on how people judge other people
focuses on how people perceive other people
focuses on how people process, store, and apply information about other people to make judgments about themselves
Social cognitions are made up of:
Perceptions and attributions
Positive and negative attitudes and stereotypes
Prejudice and discrimation
All of the above
Inferences we make about events, our own and others behaviour is called?
A perception
An attribution
An attitude
A stereotype
A belief that certain groups of people have certain characteristics is called?
A perception
An attricution
An attitude
A stereotype
If you tell your friends you like math, this is an example of?
an implicit attitude
an explicit attitude
a stereotype
a perception
If a child who is regularly exposed to negative ideas about aging, develops an anxiety about aging in adulthood, what is this an example of?
An Implicit attitude
An Explicit attitude
A Steroetype
A Perception
What is this diagram more commonly called in Psychology?
The ABC Model of attitude
The Behaviour predictor model
The Components of attitude
The Tri-component model of attitude
If butterflies make you happy, and you think they are harmless, but, you jump when one lands on your hand....
Your cognition and attitude match your behaviour
Your cognition does not match your attitude or behaviour
Your cognition matches your attitude or behaviour
Your cognition and attitude do not match your behaviour
If you love your parents, and respect how they have raised you, so you do not have a party at home without their permission...
Your cognition and attitude match your behaviour
Your cognition and attitude do not match your behaviour
Your cognition does not match your attitude and bahaviour
Your attitude does not match your cognition and behaviour
If you think all Latin people are good dancers, this is an example of?
A positive steroetype
A negative steroetype
A positive prejudice
A negative prejudice
The behavioural part of an attitude relates to...
Beliefs
Feelings
Actions
Cats are the best, I just love them. They're so smart and cute. I own 2 cats but would adopt more if I had the chance! Identify the BEHAVIOURAL component of the attitude.
Loving cats
Owning cats
Believing cats are smart and cute
People should stay at home and wear masks to stop the spread of COVID-19. I'm doing just that! It angers me when I see people breaking the rules. Identify the AFFECTIVE component of this attitude.
Thinking people should follow the rules
Anger directed at those breaking the rules
Following the rules
The affective and cognitive components of an attitude ALWAYS match a person's behaviour. True or false?
True
False
A stereotype is best described as:
shared views about an individual
an oversimplified image of a person who belongs to a particular group
learned ideas we hold about ourselves
behaviour towards a particular group
Identify one effect stereotyping has on people
it helps us from looking at each individual as different
it fits a small number of people into only one pattern
it helps in recognising people's behaviour according to the community they belong
it affects people as they prevent us from doing things that we may otherwise be good at
Which of these are stereotypes?
Australians live by the beach and all men surf
Ethiopians run long distances quickly
Teenagers are argumentative
Blondes are ditzy
An ingroup is best described as a group:
to which people of similar age or with common attitudes wish to belong
to which someone belongs
with members who have common attitudes
with members who like to clash with outgroups
A psychological tension that occurs when thougths, feelings and/or behavours don't align is known as
cognitive bias
cognitive dissonance
attitudes
attributions
Sally missed out on a job. She tells people it's ok as the job wasn't for her. She has reduced her dissonance by:
Changing her thoughts
Changing her behaviour
Adding a new cognition
Talking her dog for a walk
In order to reduce cognitive dissonance, one must adjust their attitude or behaviour to remove the conflict..
True
False
A psychological tension that occurs when thougths, feelings and/or behavours don't align is known as
Cognitive Bias
Cognitive dissonance
Heuristics
Attributions
What does this mean, Judge other people negatively or see them as inferior?
Prejudice
Judice
Post judice
None of these
Which definition describes racism?
Belief that national interests and culture are superior to others
Policy or attitude against age groups
Prejudice or discrimination based on race
Prejudice or discrimination based on gender
What is the meaning of 'prejudice'?
A simple idea that many people have about a thing or a group that may be true, partly true or false.
A pre-judgement. Usually a negative opinion about a group or individual that is not based on fact.
The belief that one race is better than another.
Who concluded that people will conform to fit in with the group because they believe the group is better informed?
Haney, Banks, & Zimbardo 1973
Asch 1951
Darley & Latane 1968
Milgram 1963
Which study could be used to support an explanation of bystander intervention in emergencies?
Rollie & Duck 2006
Darley & Latane 1968
Buss, Abbott, Angleitner, Asheria, Biaggio, et al 1990
Festinger 1957
What study supports that situational factors are strong influencers on human behaviours and that humans make incorrect dispositional attributions about behaviour?
Haney, Banks & Zimbardo 1973
Cialdini 2006
Milgram 1963
Asch 1951
True or False: Festinger's 1957 study investigated cognitive dissonance theory?
True
False
Close, friendly groups usually work well together, but they may face a problem involving an extreme form of conformity called ________.
self-serving bias
groupthink
fundamental attribution error
generational identity
social facilitation
What is a difference between obedience and conformity?
In conformity, there is a perceived difference in status between the one who conforms and the group.
In obedience, there is a difference in status between the one who obeys and the one who makes the request.
Conformity requires strict adherence to the rules, whereas obedience does not.
Obedience is an indirect request, whereas conformity is a direct request.
Conformity involves agreeing to change in response to a request, whereas obedience involves an indirect request for agreement.
Conformity is best described as
performing simple tasks more quickly in the presence of others.
adjusting our behavior or thinking toward a group standard.
neglecting critical thinking in order to preserve group harmony.
losing self-awareness in group situations that foster anonymity.
According to 'normative social influence', people conform because:
They are embarrassed.
They want to be right.
They want to be liked.
They lack confidence.
It's Oliver's first day of school and he is keen to make a good impression. He pretends to be interested in the other students' conversation even though he really finds them boring.
Why is he doing this?
Informational social influence
Normative social influence
Because he's shy and doesn't want to stand out
Identification
What is this an example of?
What is this an example of?
Social identity theory was proposed by...
Atkinson and Shiffrin
Baddeley and Hitch
Rosenzweig and Bennet
Tajfel and Turner
Social identity theory was created to help explain...
Conflict between groups
Prejudice
Discrimination
All of these behaviours
The process of categorizing people into in-groups and out-groups is called...
In-group bias
Social comparison
Social categorization
The self-esteem hypothesis
The process of comparing our in-group with out-groups is called...
In-group bias
Social comparison
Social categorization
The self-esteem hypothesis
According to Social Identity Theory, we show in-group bias because it improves...
Stereotypes
Memory
Discrimination
Self-esteem
Who theorised Realistic Conflict Theory?
Tajfel
Sherif
Freud
Maslow
Realistic Conflict theory arises due to _____________ between groups.
Differences
Hatred
Prejudice
Competition
What do conflicting groups need to do to get rid of prejudice according to Realistic Conflict Theory?
Have contrasting goals
Have superordinate goals
Allocate team names
Understand that the other group are real people too
What are superordinate goals?
Goals that help humanity
Shared goals that can only be achieved by the cooperation of all competing groups and but can be achieved by one group alone.
Shared goals that can only be achieved by the cooperation of all competing groups and cannot be achieved by one group alone.
Goals that society need to ensure that happiness is maintained for the common man
What year was the Robber's Cave Experiment?
1954 / 1961
1950 / 1961
1945 / 1965
1976 / 1965
How old were the boys in the Robber's Cave Experiment?
10-12
11
12
12-13
Which of these did Sherif NOT want to investigate in the Robber's Cave Experiment?
Group formation
The effect of competition
The conditions under which conflict could be resolved
Which boys were born leaders
What were the group names in the Robber's Cave Experiment?
Rattlers and Eagles
Eagles and Snakes
Snake-Eyes and Rattle-Tails
Tigers and Rattlers
The first 5-6 days of the two week Robber's Cave Experiment was designed to promote...
Intergroup relations
Intergroup degeneration
In-group formation
In-group degeneration
During the "friction phase" of the Robber's Cave Experiment (days 7-10), the experimenters....
encouraged conflict
discouraged conflict
wanted the group to bond
wanted the groups to have super-ordinate goals
Social Identity is formed through...
Unique qualities like self-esteem and personality
Membership of social groups
A desire to adapt oneself to another individual's personality
Wanting to be different to other people
According to Social Identity Theory, to maintain our self-esteem, we need to...
Be part of a social group which compares well next to other social groups.
Be an individual through carefully selecting our friends
Compete with other groups for a scarce resource
Gain the moral high-ground
Which of these is NOT a key process of Social Identity Theory?
Social Categorisation
Social Identification
Social Justification
Social Comparison
Social identity theory suggests that prejudice is a result of .......
Conflict over a resource
Simply being placed into groups.
According to social identity theory we go through a process of ............................ .................................., ........................... ................................. and ........................................... ................................... in order to be prejudiced.
Social communication, social liberation and social co ordination.
Resource acceptance, resource identification and resource modification.
Social categorisation, social identification and social comparison
According to social identity theory, hostility is presented during ......................................... ......................................... because .............................................................................................
Social comparison because we devalue the out group in order to raise our own self esteem.
Social identification because we take on the identity of the group e.g. wear the football kit of our preferred team.
Social categorisation because we place ourselves in different social groups.
Realistic Conflict Theory is different to social identity theory because ...................
It suggests that we just need to be placed in a group to create prejudice.
We need to be in an agentic state in order to become prejudiced.
It suggests we need competition for a resource e.g. land/ water/ money or status in order to show out group hostility
Realistic conflict theory is similar to social identity theory because ....
It can explain wide scale prejudice without a resource e.g. racism
It ignores the role of individual differences e.g. some people may not reject opportunities for hostility.
It takes into account both nature and nurture in the development of prejudice.
It has evidence to support the theory and therefore can be considered credible.
What is the basic assumption of the social identity theory?
We seek positive social identities in order to enhance our self esteem
The more social groups that we belong to, the stronger our self esteem.
A positive self esteem enhances our social identity
Sherif wanted to know whether .... would increase prejudice and discrimination
competition
co-operation
categorisation
comparison
Which statement was not true of the boys at Robbers Cave?
All from two parent familiies
All socially and emotionally well-adjusted
All middle class
All knew each other before the camp
In stage 3 of the Robbers Cave Experiment, social contact and super-ordinate tasks initially did little to reduce friction. Which super-ordinate goals was most effective?
fixing the water supply
starting the truck
pooling the tokens
fixing the canoe
Restaurant owner: “I’m sorry. You won’t be able to come inside of the shop. We don’t have space for people in wheelchairs.”
This is an example of _____
stereotype
bias
discrimination
favouritism
Alex: “You want to do what? Don’t you know that only girls do ballet? Boys don’t do ballet!”
This is an example of _____.
stereotype
discrimination
bias
Prejudice means a preconceived opinion. The meaning of 'preconceived' is _____.
an idea formed beforehand without any reason
an opinion formed beforehand without any truth
an idea or opinion formed beforehand without any truth or reason
none of the above
What is one criticism of Sherif's "Robbers Cave" study with regards to generalizability?
What is one criticism of the Robbers Cave Experiment with regards to reliability?
What is one criticism of the Robbers Cave Experiment with regards to validity?
The term _____ was introduced as a type of helping behavior that confer some benefits to self.
Social
Antisocial
Pre-social
Prosocial
Helping behaviour that benefits other people and society in general
(a)
An emotional state that can affect our perceptions, thoughts and behaviours
mood
empathy
competence
altruism
Altruism
the capacity to understand and respond to the distress of emotion of others
helping others even if there is nothing to be gained
a behaviour characterised within the bystander effect
An example of antisocial behaviour
The likelihood of bystanders helping is influenced by the number of bystanders at the scene.
(a)
Behaviour that is harmful to others and to the wider community
sympathy
diffusion
antisocial behaviour
inhibition
The idea that bystanders are less likely to take responsibility for helping in the presence of others.
altruism
cost-benefit analysis
diffusion of responsibility
groupthink
The reluctance of bystanders to help due to the perceived negative appraisals of others (i.e. self-consciousness)
audience inhibition
diffusion of responsibility
bystander intervention
groupthink
A bystander process of weighing up the pros and cons of helping when confronted with an emergency.
social influence
diffusion of responsibility
audience inhibition
cost-benefit analysis model
